公开(公告)号：US20080147241A1

公开(公告)日：2008-06-19

申请号：US11745435

申请日：2007-05-07

Applicant: Andreas Tsangaris ,  Margaret Swain

Inventor： Andreas Tsangaris ,  Margaret Swain

IPC: G05B15/02

CPC classification number: C10J3/00 ,  C03B5/005 ,  C03B5/025 ,  C10J3/002 ,  C10J3/723 ,  C10J3/82 ,  C10J3/84 ,  C10J3/86 ,  C10J2300/0916 ,  C10J2300/092 ,  C10J2300/0923 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0946 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0973 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  C10J2300/1238 ,  C10J2300/1603 ,  C10J2300/1671 ,  C10J2300/1675 ,  C10J2300/1869 ,  C10J2300/1884 ,  C10J2300/1892 ,  C10K1/002 ,  C10K1/003 ,  C10K1/004 ,  C10K1/006 ,  C10K1/007 ,  C10K1/024 ,  C10K1/101 ,  C10K1/12 ,  C10K1/20 ,  C10K1/32 ,  Y02E20/18 ,  Y02P40/535 ,  Y02P40/58 ,  Y02P40/59 ,  Y10T436/12

Abstract: The present invention provides a control system for the conversion of carbonaceous feedstock into a gas. In particular, the control system is designed to be configurable for use in controlling one or more processes implemented in, and/or by, a gasification system for the conversion of such feedstock into a gas, which may be used for one or more downstream applications. Gasification processes controllable by different embodiments of the disclosed control system may include in various combinations, a converter, a residue conditioner, a recuperator and/or heat exchanger system, one or more gas conditioners, a gas homogenization system and one or more downstream applications. The control system operatively controls various local, regional and/or global processes related to the overall gasification process, and thereby adjusts various control parameters thereof adapted to affect these processes for a selected result. Various sensing elements and response elements are therefore distributed throughout the controlled system and used to acquire various process, reactant and/or product characteristics, compare these characteristics to suitable ranges of such characteristics conducive to achieving the desired result, and respond by implementing changes to in one or more of the ongoing processes via one or more controllable process devices.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供了一种用于将碳质原料转化成气体的控制系统。 特别地，控制系统被设计为可配置用于控制在气化系统中实施的和/或由气化系统实现的，用于将这种原料转化成气体的一个或多个过程，其可以用于一个或多个下游应用 。 可通过所公开的控制系统的不同实施方案控制的气化过程可以包括各种组合，转炉，残渣调节器，换热器和/或热交换器系统，一个或多个气体调节器，气体均化系统和一个或多个下游应用。 控制系统可操作地控制与总体气化过程相关的各种局部，区域和/或全局过程，从而调整适于选择结果影响这些过程的各种控制参数。 因此，各种感测元件和响应元件分布在整个受控系统中，并用于获取各种过程，反应物和/或产品特性，将这些特征与有助于实现期望结果的这些特性的适当范围进行比较，并通过实施 一个或多个正在进行的过程通过一个或多个可控过程设备。

公开(公告)号：US07284491B2

公开(公告)日：2007-10-23

申请号：US10451463

申请日：2001-12-21

Applicant: Paul Douglas Williams ,  Gerald David Williams

Inventor： Paul Douglas Williams ,  Gerald David Williams

IPC: F23H7/08

CPC classification number: F23H1/02 ,  C10J3/002 ,  C10J3/72 ,  C10J2200/158 ,  C10J2300/1223 ,  C10J2300/1625 ,  F23H7/08 ,  F23H17/12 ,  F23H2900/03021 ,  F23H2900/17001 ,  Y02P20/133

Abstract: In one aspect, a grate segment for a burner, comprises a substantially rigid body (30) having a dispersed array of cavities (38) filled with a refractory material. In another aspect, a solid fuel gasifier includes a housing (12) defining a gasifier chamber (14), and a solid fuel inlet (21), grate structure (22, 24) in the gasifier chamber. The grate structure includes base means, a plurality of agitator segments (32) positioned relative to the base means for reciprocating movement to agitate a fuel load in the gasifier, and means to support the base means and the agitator segments so that the latter reciprocate in a direction at a substantial inclination to both horizontal and vertical. In use of the gasifier a deep burden of fuel accumulates on the grate structure and the outward stroke of the reciprocation of the agitator elements is in the overall direction of flow of the fuel burden or generally oppositely thereto.

Abstract translation: 在一个方面，用于燃烧器的炉排段包括具有填充有耐火材料的空腔（38）的分散阵列的基本刚性的主体（30）。 另一方面，固体燃料气化器包括限定气化器室（14）的壳体（12）和气化器室中的固体燃料入口（21），格栅结构（22,24）。 炉排结构包括底座装置，相对于基座装置定位的多个搅拌器段（32），用于往复运动以搅动气化器中的燃料负载;以及用于支撑底座装置和搅拌器段的装置，使得后者在 相对于水平和垂直的倾斜方向。 在使用气化器时，燃料积聚在炉排结构上的深度负担，并且搅拌器元件的往复运动的向外冲程处于燃料负荷流动的总体方向或与其大致相反的方向。

公开(公告)号：US5425792A

公开(公告)日：1995-06-20

申请号：US158195

申请日：1993-11-24

Applicant: Norman G. Bishop ,  Ricardo Viramontes-Brown

Inventor： Norman G. Bishop ,  Ricardo Viramontes-Brown

IPC: C10J3/02 ,  C10J3/06 ,  C10J3/14 ,  C10J3/66

CPC classification number: C10J3/002 ,  C10J3/005 ,  C10J3/06 ,  C10J3/14 ,  C10J3/66 ,  C10K1/003 ,  C10K1/02 ,  C10K1/026 ,  C10J2200/158 ,  C10J2300/0946 ,  C10J2300/1223 ,  C10J2300/1621 ,  C10J2300/165 ,  C10J2300/1687 ,  C10J2300/1693

Abstract: A process and apparatus for gasification of organic materials (typically incorporated in domestic and industrial wastes, including auto shredder residues) to produce useful synthesis gas (primarily CO & H.sub.2) with effectively non-toxic ash residue by means of a preferably stoichiometric burner directed into a single stage reactor containing a tumbling charge thus heated to 650.degree. to 800.degree. C. (below the incipient fusion temperature of the charge) resulting in thermally cracking and gasifying the organic materials in the charge and reacting the complex hydrocarbons and gas evolved with the CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 O generated by the burner by combustion of a fuel and oxygen-containing gas at a high flame temperature, typically 2500.degree. to 3000.degree. C.

Abstract translation: 一种用于气化有机材料（通常并入家用和工业废物，包括自动粉碎机残渣）的工艺和设备，以通过优选化学计量的燃烧器产生有效的无毒灰渣，从而产生有用的合成气（主要是CO和H 2） 一个单级反应器，其中包含一个转速为650-800℃（低于电荷初始熔化温度）的转鼓，导致电荷中的有机材料发生热裂化和气化，并使复合烃与气体放出的气体反应 通过在高火焰温度（通常在2500℃至3000℃）下燃烧燃料和含氧气体由燃烧器产生的CO 2和H 2 O.

公开(公告)号：US4749383A

公开(公告)日：1988-06-07

申请号：US870741

申请日：1986-06-04

Applicant: Vaughn Mansfield ,  Christopher M. Francoeur

Inventor： Vaughn Mansfield ,  Christopher M. Francoeur

IPC: C10J3/06 ,  C10J3/58 ,  C10J3/16

CPC classification number: C10J3/58 ,  C10J3/002 ,  C10J3/06 ,  C10J3/723 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0943 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0976

Abstract: Coal is transported through a hot carbonizing furnace chamber successfully on two endless traveling chain grates, the first of which is higher than the second and the second being run at a slower speed than the first so as to form a thicker bed than the coal on the first grate. Air is fed through the coal on the first grate in sub-stoichiometric amounts at low velocity so as to drive off the volatiles while air and steam are fed to the coal in the second grate in amounts sufficient to burn the coal. Gaseous by-products are exhausted from the furnace chamber and ashes are discharged through a conventional take-off.

Abstract translation: 煤炭通过热碳化炉室成功运送到两个环形行进链条上，其中第一个高于第二个，第二个以比第一个更慢的速度运行，以形成比煤上的煤更厚的床 第一炉 空气以低速度的亚化学计量量通过第一格栅上的煤进料，以便驱除挥发物，同时空气和蒸汽以足以燃烧煤的量以第二格栅供给到煤。 气体副产物从炉室排出，灰烬通过常规起飞排出。

公开(公告)号：US4293390A

公开(公告)日：1981-10-06

申请号：US90076

申请日：1979-10-31

Applicant: Franklin S. Chalmers ,  Charles A. Czako ,  Carl J. Nelson

Inventor： Franklin S. Chalmers ,  Charles A. Czako ,  Carl J. Nelson

IPC: C10B7/02 ,  C10G1/02 ,  C10B5/02 ,  C10B7/06 ,  C10B35/00

CPC classification number: C10J3/002 ,  C10B7/02 ,  C10G1/02 ,  C10J3/32 ,  C10J3/74 ,  C10J3/84 ,  C10J2300/0906 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0946 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/1253 ,  C10J2300/1807 ,  C10J2300/1869 ,  C10J2300/1884 ,  C10J2300/1892

Abstract: Process and apparatus are disclosed for recovering liquid and gaseous fuel from solid hydrocarbon-containing mineral material such as bitumen-containing mineral materials exemplified by tar sands or oil-bearing diatomites, without expensive pretreatment to separate the hydrocarbon containing material from material containing no hydrocarbon. The hydrocarbon-containing material is agglomerated into discrete pieces that are treated on a traveling grate such as a circular traveling grate and subjected to sequential treatments in which hot gases are passed upwardly or downwardly through a relatively deep permeable bed of the pieces on the grate, in several treating zones separated by transverse gas seals and sealed at the side edges by suitable gas seals. All, or essentially all, of the heat required is obtained in a coke burn-off zone from combustion of coke that remains in the material on the grate after the volatile hydrocarbons have been removed by distillation in an earlier distillation zone. Part of the gas from the distillation zone is continually recycled to pass through the hot material on the grate in a zone following the coke burn-off zone to transfer heat by the gas to the distillation zone and to cool the spent material on the grate before it leaves the grate. Water gas may be produced by passing steam through material containing residual coke, in a treating zone following and preferably near or adjacent the coke burn-off zone. Because of high temperatures in the coke burn-off zone the agglomerated pieces are sintered, and may be glazed, to provide spent pieces that are useful and of economic value.

Abstract translation: 公开了用于从固体含烃矿物材料（例如沥青砂或含油硅藻土示例的含沥青的矿物材料）中回收液体和气体燃料的方法和装置，而不需要昂贵的预处理以将含烃材料与不含烃的材料分离。 含烃材料被聚集成离散的碎片，其在诸如圆形移动炉排的行进炉排上进行处理，并进行连续处理，其中热气体通过上部或下部通过炉排上的相对较深的可渗透床进入， 在多个处理区域中，由横向气体密封分隔，并通过合适的气体密封在侧边缘密封。 所有或基本上所有的热量在焦炭燃烧区中获得，在焦炭燃烧过程中，在早期蒸馏区中通过蒸馏除去挥发性烃后，残留在炉排材料中的焦炭燃烧。 来自蒸馏区的气体的一部分被连续地再循环，以通过焦炭燃烧区之后的区域中的炉排上的热材料，以将气体的热量传递到蒸馏区，并在炉排之前冷却废料。 它离开了炉排。 水煤气可以通过使蒸汽通过含有残留焦炭的材料，在处理区之后，优选在焦炭燃烧区附近或附近。 由于焦炭燃烧区域的高温，附聚块被烧结并且可能会上釉，以提供有用且具有经济价值的废料。

公开(公告)号：US4268274A

公开(公告)日：1981-05-19

申请号：US55386

申请日：1979-07-09

Applicant: Robert A. Caughey

Inventor： Robert A. Caughey

IPC: C10B53/02 ,  C10J3/20

CPC classification number: C10B53/02 ,  C10J3/002 ,  C10J3/20 ,  C10J3/30 ,  C10J3/34 ,  C10J3/74 ,  C10J2300/0916 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  Y02E50/14 ,  Y02P20/129

Abstract: Apparatus for progressively burning biomass material comprising a retort defining a chamber, a linearly moving grate bed enclosed within the chamber with a space below and a space above for respectively supplying primary air to the lower side of the grate and for collecting gases generated by progressive distillation of the biomass material at the upper side of the grate. Primary air is supplied to the underside of the grate bed at different pressures lengthwise of the grate by a distribution chamber extending lengthwise of the grate of V-shaped cross section containing at its bottom a Venturi opening through which air is delivered to the distribution chamber from successive longitudinally-arranged plenum chambers which, in turn, are supplied with air through conductors connected to a primary air source, each of which contains a damper. The grate may be horizontal or inclined.

Abstract translation: 用于逐渐燃烧生物质材料的装置，包括限定腔室的蒸馏器，封闭在腔室内的线性运动的格栅床，其下方具有空间，并且具有上方的空间，用于分别向炉排的下侧供应一次空气，并用于收集通过逐步蒸馏产生的气体 的炉篦上部的生物质材料。 一级空气通过一个分布室沿格栅纵向不同的压力供给到格栅床的下侧，该分配室沿着V形横截面的炉排长度方向延伸，该分配室在其底部包含文丘里开口，空气通过该文丘里开口被输送到分配室 连续的纵向布置的增压室，其又通过连接到主空气源的导体供应空气，每个空气源包含阻尼器。 炉排可能是水平或倾斜的。

公开(公告)号：US4220454A

公开(公告)日：1980-09-02

申请号：US974611

申请日：1978-12-29

Applicant: Thomas E. Ban ,  John C. Sheppard ,  William H. Marlowe

Inventor： Thomas E. Ban ,  John C. Sheppard ,  William H. Marlowe

IPC: C10J3/02 ,  C10J3/06 ,  C10J3/00

CPC classification number: C10J3/06 ,  C10J3/002 ,  C10J3/26 ,  C10J3/30 ,  C10J3/40 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/094 ,  C10J2300/0943 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0969 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  C10J2300/0996 ,  C10J2300/1807

Abstract: A process is disclosed for gasifying pelletized coal to produce a low Btu gas containing large amounts of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Advantageously, the process is carried out on a circular traveling grate machine on a continuous basis. A horizontally moving, quiescent, gas-permeable bed of coal is formed by depositing at least one layer of a sized recycle charge of coal and at least one layer of fresh coal. To initiate an oxidizing reaction zone, the surface of one of the layers is ignited and the zone travels as a wave downwardly into the layer and upwardly into any superposed layer. Air and steam or air and carbon dioxide are either updrafted or downdrafted through the bed to control combustion. The coal is reduced in zones ahead of the advancing zone or zones of oxidation, and the reactions are terminated before the oxidation zone reaches both outermost surfaces of the bed to minimize the formation of carbon dioxide. Unreacted coal is separated from fine ash and is used as the recycle feed.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于使造粒煤气化以产生含有大量氢气和一氧化碳的低Btu气体的方法。 有利地，该方法在连续的基础上在圆形移动式格栅机上进行。 通过沉积至少一层大小的再循环煤和至少一层新鲜的煤，形成水平移动的，静止的，​​透气的煤床。 为了引发氧化反应区，其中一个层的表面被点燃并且区域以波向下移动到层中并向上进入任何叠加层。 空气和蒸汽或空气和二氧化碳通过床上升或下移，以控制燃烧。 煤在前进区域或氧化区之前的区域减少，并且在氧化区到达床的最外表面之前终止反应，以使二氧化碳的形成最小化。 未反应的煤与细灰分离，用作再循环进料。

公开(公告)号：US3787192A

公开(公告)日：1974-01-22

申请号：US3787192D

申请日：1972-03-02

Applicant: MCDOWELL WELLMAN ENG CO

Inventor： BAN T

IPC: C10J3/06 ,  C10J3/16

CPC classification number: C10J3/002 ,  C10J3/06 ,  C10J3/40 ,  C10J3/84 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  C10J2300/1807

Abstract: There is provided a process for producing water gas containing a large quantity of hydrogen and involving the formation of a moving quiescent gas-permeable bed composed of both particles of coal and particles of spent coal or ash. The bed is passed through a series of zones in which, in a succession of cycles, the bed is permeated with an oxygen-containing gas preheated to a predetermined temperature and then a moisture-laden gas also preheated to a predetermined temperature. These gases are collected separately after they traverse the moving quiescent bed. The water gas may be used as an industrial gas, and the producr-flue gas resulting from the portions treated with oxygencontaining gas may be recycled through the bed at a point downstream. The process provides a continuous economic procedure for gasification of coal.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种生产含有大量氢气的水气的方法，涉及形成由煤颗粒和废煤或灰分颗粒组成的移动静态透气床。 床层通过一系列区域，其中在一系列循环中，床被预热到预定温度的含氧气体渗透，然后将含水气体也预热到预定温度。 这些气体在穿过移动的静止床后分开收集。 水气可以用作工业气体，并且由含氧气体处理的部分产生的生产废气可以通过床在下游的一点被再循环。 该过程为煤气化提供了持续的经济程序。

公开(公告)号：US2581575A

公开(公告)日：1952-01-08

申请号：US67960446

申请日：1946-06-27

Applicant: HEYDEN CHEMICAL CORP

Inventor： BROADMAN ARTHUR R

IPC: C10J3/00 ,  C10J3/06

CPC classification number: C10J3/00 ,  C10J3/002 ,  C10J3/06 ,  C10J3/40 ,  C10J3/74 ,  C10J3/86 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0943 ,  C10J2300/0946 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0976

公开(公告)号：US247322A

公开(公告)日：1881-09-20

申请号：US247322D

CPC classification number: C10B47/30 ,  C10J3/002 ,  C10J3/005