公开(公告)号：US2220452A

公开(公告)日：1940-11-05

申请号：US11766036

申请日：1936-12-24

申请人： RCA CORP

发明人： JARVIS KENNETH W ,  BLAIR RUSSELL M

IPC分类号： H01J43/30

CPC分类号： H01J43/30

公开(公告)号：US12112932B2

公开(公告)日：2024-10-08

申请号：US17743563

申请日：2022-05-13

申请人： HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS K.K.

发明人： Takeshi Endo ,  Hiroshi Kobayashi

IPC分类号： H01J43/30 ,  H01J43/12

CPC分类号： H01J43/30 ,  H01J43/12

摘要： An ion detector includes: a first electron multiplier for detecting first ions having a first polarity; a second electron multiplier for detecting second ions having a second polarity different from the first polarity; a first anode for capturing electrons emitted from the first electron multiplier; a second anode for capturing electrons emitted from the second electron multiplier; and a switching circuit including a first input terminal electrically connected to the first anode, a second input terminal electrically connected to the second anode, and an output terminal, the switching circuit selectively connecting one of the first input terminal and the second input terminal to the output terminal.

公开(公告)号：US20240274422A1

公开(公告)日：2024-08-15

申请号：US18431948

申请日：2024-04-19

申请人： Amur Margaryan ,  Vanik Kakoyan ,  Simon Zhamkochyan ,  Sergey Abrahamyan ,  Hayk Elbakyan ,  Samvel Mayilyan ,  Henrik Vardanyan ,  Hamlet Zohrabyan ,  Lekdar Gevorgyan ,  Robert Ayvazyan ,  Artashes Papyan ,  Garnik Ayvazyan ,  John R.M. Annand ,  Kenneth Livingston ,  Rachel Montgomery ,  Patric Achenbach ,  Josef Pochodzalla ,  Dimiter L. Balabanski ,  Satoshi N. Nakamura ,  Ani Aprahamian

发明人： Amur Margaryan ,  Vanik Kakoyan ,  Simon Zhamkochyan ,  Sergey Abrahamyan ,  Hayk Elbakyan ,  Samvel Mayilyan ,  Henrik Vardanyan ,  Hamlet Zohrabyan ,  Lekdar Gevorgyan ,  Robert Ayvazyan ,  Artashes Papyan ,  Garnik Ayvazyan ,  John R.M. Annand ,  Kenneth Livingston ,  Rachel Montgomery ,  Patric Achenbach ,  Josef Pochodzalla ,  Dimiter L. Balabanski ,  Satoshi N. Nakamura ,  Ani Aprahamian

IPC分类号： H01J43/30 ,  H01J37/21 ,  H01J43/24

CPC分类号： H01J43/30 ,  H01J37/21 ,  H01J43/246

摘要： The invention relates to a class of RF Timer based electron and photon vacuum recorders, particularly to single electron and photon sensitive recorders with picosecond time resolution. The RF Timer features a vacuum container housing an electron gun with a photocathode, an electron-transparent accelerating electrode, and an electrostatic lens for electron focusing. A deflecting electrode guides photoelectrons in a circular and spiral path, and a position-sensitive detector system records their positions with nanosecond electronic signals processed in real-time. The objective is to achieve single electron and photon recording with a time resolution of 10 picoseconds or better at speeds reaching several MHz and stability better than 0.2 picoseconds/h.

公开(公告)号：US09293307B2

公开(公告)日：2016-03-22

申请号：US14271063

申请日：2014-05-06

申请人： Thermo Finnigan LLC

发明人： Viatcheslav Kovtoun ,  Raman Mathur

IPC分类号： H01J40/14 ,  H01J43/30 ,  H01J43/04 ,  H01J43/18 ,  G01T1/16 ,  H01J43/24

CPC分类号： H01J40/14 ,  G01T1/16 ,  H01J43/04 ,  H01J43/18 ,  H01J43/24 ,  H01J43/30 ,  H01J49/025

摘要： A novel electron multiplier that regulates in real time the gain of downstream dynodes as the instrument receives input signals is introduced. In particular, the methods, electron multiplier structures, and coupled control circuits of the present invention enable a resultant on the fly control signal to be generated upon receiving a predetermined threshold detection signal so as to enable the voltage regulation of one or more downstream dynodes near the output of the device. Accordingly, such a novel design, as presented herein, prevents the dynodes near the output of the instrument from being exposed to deleterious current pulses that can accelerate the aging process of the dynode structures that are essential to the device.

摘要翻译： 引入了一种新颖的电子倍增器，实时调节仪器接收输入信号时下游倍增极的增益。 特别地，本发明的方法，电子倍增器结构和耦合控制电路使得能够在接收到预定阈值检测信号时产生飞控制信号，从而使一个或多个下游倍增电极的电压调节接近 设备的输出。 因此，如本文所提出的这样一种新颖的设计防止了仪器输出附近的倍增电极暴露于有害的电流脉冲，这些有害的电流脉冲可以加速器件所必需的倍增极结构的老化过程。

公开(公告)号：US20140348293A1

公开(公告)日：2014-11-27

申请号：US14082658

申请日：2013-11-18

申请人： Rapiscan Systems, Inc.

发明人： Edward James Morton

IPC分类号： H01J43/30 ,  G01V5/00 ,  H01J43/18 ,  G01T1/208

CPC分类号： H01J43/30 ,  G01T1/16 ,  G01T1/167 ,  G01T1/208 ,  G01T3/06 ,  G01V5/0025 ,  G01V5/0091 ,  H01J40/04 ,  H01J43/08 ,  H01J43/18

摘要： The invention provides a switchable photomultiplier switchable between a detecting state and a non-detecting state including a cathode upon which incident radiation is arranged to impinge. The photomultiplier also includes a series of dynodes arranged to amplify a current created at the cathode upon detection of photoradiation. The invention also provides a detection system arranged to detect radiation-emitting material in an object. The system includes a detector switchable between a detecting state in which the detector is arranged to detect radiation and a non-detecting state in which the detector is arranged to not detect radiation. The system further includes a controller arranged to control switching of the detector between the states such that the detector is switched to the non-detecting state whilst an external radiation source is irradiating the object.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种可切换的光电倍增器，其可在检测状态和非检测状态之间切换，包括入射辐射被布置成入射的阴极。 光电倍增管还包括一系列倍增电极，其布置成在检测到光辐射时放大阴极产生的电流。 本发明还提供了一种检测系统，用于检测物体中的辐射发射材料。 该系统包括可在检测器被布置成检测辐射的检测状态和其中检测器被布置为不检测辐射的非检测状态之间切换的检测器。 该系统还包括控制器，其布置成控制检测器在状态之间的切换，使得当外部辐射源照射物体时检测器切换到非检测状态。

公开(公告)号：US20140151549A1

公开(公告)日：2014-06-05

申请号：US14082512

申请日：2013-11-18

申请人： Urs Steiner ,  Daniel Robert Marshak

发明人： Urs Steiner ,  Daniel Robert Marshak

IPC分类号： H01J49/02

CPC分类号： G01N27/62 ,  G01T1/208 ,  H01J43/18 ,  H01J43/30 ,  H01J49/025 ,  H01J49/04

摘要： Certain embodiments described herein are directed to ion detectors and systems. In some examples, the ion detector can include a plurality of dynodes, in which one or more of the dynodes are coupled to an electrometer. In other configurations, each dynode can be coupled to a respective electrometer. Methods using the ion detectors are also described.

摘要翻译： 本文描述的某些实施例涉及离子检测器和系统。 在一些示例中，离子检测器可以包括多个倍增电极，其中一个或多个倍增电极耦合到静电计。 在其他配置中，每个倍增极可以耦合到相应的静电计。 还描述了使用离子检测器的方法。

公开(公告)号：US08624192B2

公开(公告)日：2014-01-07

申请号：US13119709

申请日：2009-09-22

申请人： Stéphane Normand ,  Anne-Marie Frelin ,  Hassen Hamrita ,  Vladimir Kondrasovs

发明人： Stéphane Normand ,  Anne-Marie Frelin ,  Hassen Hamrita ,  Vladimir Kondrasovs

IPC分类号： H03G3/20 ,  G01T1/20

CPC分类号： H01J43/30 ,  H01J43/04

摘要： A system for controlling photomultiplier gain drift is disclosed. According to one aspect, the system includes first means for measuring a noise signal of the photomultiplier, the first means configured emit a measurement signal representative of the photomultiplier's noise signal. The system further includes second means for maintaining the measured noise signal at a constant level, based on the measurement signal. The disclosed embodiments apply to stabilization of the gain of photomultipliers and, more specifically, to stabilization of neutron measurement systems using photomultipliers.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于控制光电倍增增益漂移的系统。 根据一个方面，该系统包括用于测量光电倍增管的噪声信号的第一装置，配置的第一装置发射表示光电倍增管的噪声信号的测量信号。 该系统还包括基于测量信号将测量的噪声信号保持在恒定水平的第二装置。 所公开的实施例适用于光电倍增管的增益的稳定化，更具体地说，适用于使用光电倍增管的中子测量系统的稳定化。

公开(公告)号：US20110295528A1

公开(公告)日：2011-12-01

申请号：US13144082

申请日：2010-01-11

申请人： Pascal Jourdan

发明人： Pascal Jourdan

IPC分类号： G06F19/00

CPC分类号： G01F17/00 ,  H01J43/246 ,  H01J43/30

摘要： The invention relates to a device for measuring and processing an input signal (To) of at least two decades, comprising: an electron multiplier (4) that has an exponential gain on the basis of the power supply voltage (Vm) thereof and which receives said input signal (To); a power supply (5) that provides the power supply voltage (Vm) of said multiplier (4); a control circuit (6) of the power supply (5), the gain (10) and shift (11) parameters of which are adjustable and define an output signal range while varying the exponential gain of said multiplier (4); a logarithmic compression amplifier (T), the output of which is received as an input of the control circuit (6) so as to vary the exponential gain of the electron multiplier (4), in a continuous manner over the dynamic range of a measurement, on the basis of the output signal (IoG) of the electron multiplier (4), and forming the output signal (Vout) of said device; a measuring and calculating means for predetermining the value of the exponent (b) for the exponential gain of the electron multiplier (4) and for calculating the gain (10) and shift (11) parameter values of said control circuit (6) on the basis of the value of said predetermined exponent (b). The invention also relates to a corresponding leak detector and measuring and processing method.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种用于测量和处理至少二十年的输入信号（To）的装置，包括：电子倍增器（4），其基于其电源电压（Vm）具有指数增益，并且接收 所述输入信号（To）; 提供所述乘法器（4）的电源电压（Vm）的电源（5）; 电源（5）的控制电路（6），其增益（10）和移位（11）参数是可调节的，并且在改变所述乘法器（4）的指数增益的同时限定输出信号范围; 对数压缩放大器（T），其输出作为控制电路（6）的输入被接收，以便在测量动态范围内连续地改变电子倍增器（4）的指数增益 ，基于电子倍增器（4）的输出信号（IoG），并形成所述装置的输出信号（Vout）; 用于预先确定电子倍增器（4）的指数增益的指数（b）的值并用于计算所述控制电路（6）的增益（10）和移位（11）参数值的测量和计算装置， 所述预定指数（b）的值的基础。 本发明还涉及相应的泄漏检测器和测量和处理方法。

公开(公告)号：US07777875B2

公开(公告)日：2010-08-17

申请号：US12193469

申请日：2008-08-18

申请人： Christian H. Wolters ,  Anatoly Romanovsky ,  Alexander Slobodov

发明人： Christian H. Wolters ,  Anatoly Romanovsky ,  Alexander Slobodov

IPC分类号： G01N21/00

CPC分类号： G01N21/9501 ,  G01N21/21 ,  G01N21/47 ,  G01N21/95607 ,  H01J43/30

摘要： Inspection systems, circuits and methods are provided to enhance defect detection by addressing anode saturation as a limiting factor of the measurement detection range of a photomultiplier tube (PMT) detector. In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, a method for inspecting a specimen includes directing light to the specimen and detecting light scattered from the specimen. The step of detecting may include monitoring an anode current of the PMT detector, and detecting features, defects or light scattering properties of the specimen using the anode current until the anode current reaches a predetermined threshold. Thereafter, the method may use a dynode current of the PMT for detecting the features, defects or light scattering properties of the specimen.

摘要翻译： 提供检测系统，电路和方法，以通过寻址阳极饱和度作为光电倍增管（PMT）检测器的测量检测范围的限制因素来增强缺陷检测。 根据本发明的一个实施例，用于检查样本的方法包括将光引导到样本并检测从样本散射的光。 检测步骤可以包括监测PMT检测器的阳极电流，并且使用阳极电流检测样品的特征，缺陷或光散射特性，直到阳极电流达到预定阈值。 此后，该方法可以使用PMT的倍增电流来检测样品的特征，缺陷或光散射性质。

公开(公告)号：US20090040511A1

公开(公告)日：2009-02-12

申请号：US12193469

申请日：2008-08-18

申请人： Christian H. Wolters ,  Anatoly Romanovsky ,  Alexander Slobodov

发明人： Christian H. Wolters ,  Anatoly Romanovsky ,  Alexander Slobodov

IPC分类号： G01N21/88

CPC分类号： G01N21/9501 ,  G01N21/21 ,  G01N21/47 ,  G01N21/95607 ,  H01J43/30

摘要： Inspection systems, circuits and methods are provided to enhance defect detection by addressing anode saturation as a limiting factor of the measurement detection range of a photomultiplier tube (PMT) detector. In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, a method for inspecting a specimen includes directing light to the specimen and detecting light scattered from the specimen. The step of detecting may include monitoring an anode current of the PMT detector, and detecting features, defects or light scattering properties of the specimen using the anode current until the anode current reaches a predetermined threshold. Thereafter, the method may use a dynode current of the PMT for detecting the features, defects or light scattering properties of the specimen.

摘要翻译： 提供检测系统，电路和方法，以通过寻址阳极饱和度作为光电倍增管（PMT）检测器的测量检测范围的限制因素来增强缺陷检测。 根据本发明的一个实施例，用于检查样本的方法包括将光引导到样本并检测从样本散射的光。 检测步骤可以包括监测PMT检测器的阳极电流，并且使用阳极电流检测样品的特征，缺陷或光散射特性，直到阳极电流达到预定阈值。 此后，该方法可以使用PMT的倍增电流来检测样品的特征，缺陷或光散射性质。