摘要:
Disclosed are various building facade surface configurations and related methods. An exemplary facade includes grooved cavities that are configured in a manner that reflects summer (cooling season) insolation and absorbs winter (heating season) insolation. The effective absorptivities of the exemplary facade for various cavity reflectance characteristics, i.e., a wide range of diffuse and specular reflectance characteristics, are evaluated using a Monte Carlo model. The calculations in an illustrated embodiment are performed for the latitude of 41° N where both heating and cooling loads are significant. Embodiments of facades and other structures are similarly within the scope of the disclosure for locations of different latitudes and longitudes.
摘要:
A system for heating liquid using solar radiation, includes a plurality of solar panels (1, 2, 3, 4, 5), at least one reservoir for heated liquid and pipes for circulating liquid between the respective solar panel and the at least one liquid reservoir, the liquid circulating by gravity circulation. The present system is characterized in that a non-return valve (17) for controlling the flow of heated liquid from the respective solar panel is placed in a portion of the circulation pipe between the upper end of the solar panel and the at least one liquid reservoir, the non-return valve (17) being adapted to open and close at a predetermined pressure in the liquid flow from the solar panel.
摘要:
This invention provides a solar fluid heating assembly that generally increases efficiency by reflecting the sun's energy onto heat generating surfaces that face away from the sun. It also provides an aesthetic structure that is readily installed in a variety of outdoor settings and can be used as a boundary fence in certain applications. In an illustrative embodiment, the solar heater comprises one or more conduits and a reflective mechanism, such that in use, heat energy falls onto a front surface of the conduit, thereby heating water or another fluid within the conduit, and heat energy is reflected by the reflective mechanism onto another surface of the conduit, thereby further heating the fluid within the conduit. The assembly can include one or more conduits between a first and a second panel, wherein at least one outwardly facing portion of the first panel is substantially transparent to solar heat energy passing therethrough in the direction of the conduits and at least one portion, typically an inner surface, of the second panel orientated toward the conduits is reflective of solar heat energy. The second panel can be curved or corrugated. This illustrative assembly includes a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet. The assembly can be a standalone unit, or an assembly (fence) of interconnected operative sections. The assembly can be used to heat shower water, among other applications.
摘要:
The invention is using a hydrogen-containing solid as an energy storage material for naval and stationary uses. The system is designed and analyzed optimally for producing thermal energy necessary to dissociate magnesium hydride which in turn produces the needed hydrogen to operate a fuel-cell and meet the electricity demand. The collected hydrogen is used to power the various energy needs of the Navy as well as of homes. In addition, the solar thermal system may also be used to provide heat to hot water, and other heating needs. The system has an overall energy efficiency between 20% and 30% with both thermal and hydrogen storage capability for overall energy storage and provides smooth energy needs of a building.
摘要:
A solar concentrator includes a plurality of separate panels positioned between opposed support rods. Tension elements extend between the support rods and mount the plurality of panels.
摘要:
An apparatus comprising a number of platforms and a number of beams. The number of platforms has a first side and a second side. Each platform in the number of platforms is comprised of a number of devices. The number of beams is connected to the second side of the number of platforms at a plurality of connection points. The plurality of connection points is configured such that an orientation of the number of platforms remains substantially unchanged in response to a load on the number of platforms.
摘要:
A system for providing a thermal transformer to provide heating and cooling to enclosed structures, most generally a building using solar power combined with geothermal storage and a heat powered heat pump to raise or lower the temperature of the stored energy to a useful temperature as needed. The system also has an electrical generation embodiment to provide electricity in addition to the heating and cooling. The system will collect and store solar energy and supply heated or cooled water to the building's existing HVAC system while consuming no fossil fuels and emitting no greenhouse gases. The system may also be used in one embodiment to supply power for the pumps/fans used to circulate the heated or cooled air or water throughout the building.
摘要:
A solar tracking device that uses thermal actuation to rotate a solar energy device to track movement of the sun for improved solar energy output of the solar energy device. Thermal actuation is generated by concentrating solar radiation using a solar collector and solar receiver. A medium that expands when heated is in thermal communication with the solar receiver and drives an actuator for rotating the solar tracking device to follow the movement of the sun. The medium may be a phase change material such as Paraffin wax. Rotational actuation may be performed using helical slots in a main housing and cam followers coupled to a shaft extended out of the main housing. At the end of the day, a combination of gravity and/or mechanical return forces may assist in returning the system to an initial position such that it is ready to receive solar radiation the next day.
摘要:
A method of collecting and redistributing energy, including receiving energy from an energy vendor at a transaction station, measuring the received energy, identifying and crediting the energy vendor, storing the received energy in an energy storage medium, identifying an energy user, dispensing energy to the energy user at a transaction station, measuring the dispensed energy, and debiting the energy user for the dispensed energy. The transaction station includes a housing, a microprocessor portion in the housing operationally connected to a computer network, an energy metering portion operationally connected to the microprocessor, an energy inlet operationally connected to the energy metering portion, an energy outlet operationally connected to the energy inlet and the energy metering portion, an energy storage operationally connected to the energy inlet and to the energy outlet, and an energy source operationally connected to the energy inlet.
摘要:
A system and method are provided to control hydronic systems having a plurality of sources, including at least one of an on-demand source, a semi-on-demand source, and an intermittent source that are fluidly or thermally coupled to a plurality of load zones. The hydronic system device obtains performance measurements for system components to provide system metrics, including failure diagnostics, energy capture, and usage optimization. The hydronic system device may also calculate British Thermal Units produced and used by the plurality of sources and loads to calculate incentives, including renewable energy credits.