公开(公告)号：US06998185B2

公开(公告)日：2006-02-14

申请号：US10044507

申请日：2002-01-11

申请人： Makarand P. Gore ,  L. Chris Mann

发明人： Makarand P. Gore ,  L. Chris Mann

IPC分类号： H01M8/00 ,  H01M8/04 ,  H01M8/12 ,  G01N21/25 ,  G01J1/10

CPC分类号： H01M8/04194

摘要： A means for determining the concentration of a hydrogen-rich fuel in a fuel solution within the anode reservoir of a fuel cell. The fuel concentration is determined using a dye mixture responsive to fuel concentration within a fuel solution. As fuel is consumed, the fuel concentration decreases. As the fuel concentration decreases, the dye changes color. The resulting color changes occur within the anode reservoir of the fuel cell, or within a dye chamber in fluid contact with the anode reservoir, and are made visible by a window. A color strip and fuel scale may be included to facilitate fuel concentration determination based on the color of the fuel solution. Additionally, a valve responsive to dye color may act to control fuel delivery.

公开(公告)号：US06917422B2

公开(公告)日：2005-07-12

申请号：US10348342

申请日：2003-01-22

申请人： James Samsoondar ,  Ashwani Kaushal

发明人： James Samsoondar ,  Ashwani Kaushal

IPC分类号： A61B5/00 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01J3/42 ,  G01N21/27 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G01J1/10

CPC分类号： A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/14532 ,  A61B5/1495 ,  A61B2560/0233 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0205 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01J3/42 ,  G01N21/274 ,  G01N21/359

摘要： The present invention provides a photometric reference member comprising PTFE and glass. The member exhibits an absorbance change of less than 0.0001 absorbance units per degree C. over a range of temperatures, preferably from about 20° C. to about 40° C., and over wavelengths from about 600 nm to about 1650 nm, preferably about 600 nm to about 1050 nm. The invention also pertains to methods of using the photometric reference member to correct for temperature variations or drift in absorbance measurements.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供一种包括PTFE和玻璃的光度参考部件。 该成员在一定范围的温度，优选约20℃至约40℃，以及约600nm至约1650nm的波长范围内，优选约为每摄氏度的吸光度变化小于0.0001个吸光度单位。 600nm至约1050nm。 本发明还涉及使用光度参考构件来校正吸光度测量中的温度变化或漂移的方法。

公开(公告)号：US20050122512A1

公开(公告)日：2005-06-09

申请号：US10729508

申请日：2003-12-05

申请人： Annette Grot ,  Thomas Mikes

发明人： Annette Grot ,  Thomas Mikes

IPC分类号： G01J3/10 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01N21/27 ,  G01N21/47 ,  G01N21/55 ,  G01J1/10

CPC分类号： G01N21/278 ,  G01J3/10 ,  G01J2003/2866 ,  G01N21/4788 ,  G01N21/554 ,  G01N2201/08

摘要： The optical wavelength standard comprises a diffraction grating having a diffractive surface, an input arrangement and an output optical arrangement. The input optical arrangement is located to illuminate the diffractive surface of the diffraction grating with incident light at an angle of incidence at which absorption of the incident light at a resonance wavelength generates surface plasmons. The output optical arrangement is located to receive the incident light specularly reflected from the diffractive surface of the diffraction grating as reflected light. The reflected light includes an absorption line at the resonance wavelength. The absorption line provides the wavelength reference. The resonance wavelength is defined by the angle of incidence and the physical characteristics of the diffraction grating. A desired resonance wavelength can be obtained by appropriately defining the angle of incidence and the physical characteristics of the diffraction grating. Moreover, the resonance wavelength can be changed by changing either or both of the angle of incidence and the diffraction grating.

摘要翻译： 光学波长标准包括具有衍射面的衍射光栅，输入布置和输出光学布置。 输入光学布置被定位成以入射角以入射光照射衍射光栅的衍射表面，入射光在共振波长处的入射光的吸收产生表面等离子体激元。 输出光学布置被定位为接收从衍射光栅的衍射表面镜面反射的入射光作为反射光。 反射光包括在共振波长处的吸收线。 吸收线提供波长参考。 谐振波长由入射角和衍射光栅的物理特性定义。 可以通过适当地限定入射角和衍射光栅的物理特性来获得期望的共振波长。 此外，可以通过改变入射角和衍射光栅中的一个或两个来改变谐振波长。

公开(公告)号：US20050023469A1

公开(公告)日：2005-02-03

申请号：US10629042

申请日：2003-07-28

申请人： Richard Chin ,  Frank Cheung ,  Eric Sutton

发明人： Richard Chin ,  Frank Cheung ,  Eric Sutton

IPC分类号： G01J1/10 ,  G01J5/02 ,  G01J5/06

CPC分类号： G01J5/061 ,  H04N5/361 ,  H04N5/3651

摘要： A system and method for stabilizing the temperature of a detector array. The novel invention (100) includes one or more video reference pixels (52) adapted to output a reference signal that is responsive to the temperature of the detector array (50), and a mechanism for adjusting the temperature of the detector array (50) based on the reference signal. In the illustrative embodiment, the mechanism includes a thermal electric cooler (112) and a processor (104) running a control algorithm (106) which calculates the amount of current which should be applied to the thermal electric cooler (112) based on the reference signal from the video reference pixels (52). The video reference pixels (52) are constructed from the same substrate as the detector array (50), but are constructed in a manner such that they do not respond to changes in scene illumination.

摘要翻译： 用于稳定检测器阵列的温度的系统和方法。 新颖的发明（100）包括适于输出响应于检测器阵列（50）的温度的参考信号的一个或多个视频参考像素（52），以及用于调节检测器阵列（50）的温度的机构， 基于参考信号。 在说明性实施例中，该机构包括运行控制算法（106）的热电冷却器（112）和处理器（104），该控制算法（106）基于参考来计算应施加到热电冷却器（112）的电流量 来自视频参考像素（52）的信号。 视频参考像素（52）由与检测器阵列（50）相同的衬底构成，但是以使得它们不对场景照明中的变化做出响应的方式构造。

公开(公告)号：US4825391A

公开(公告)日：1989-04-25

申请号：US075126

申请日：1987-07-20

申请人： Donald M. Merz

发明人： Donald M. Merz

IPC分类号： G06T11/00 ,  G06T15/40 ,  G09B9/30 ,  G01J1/10

CPC分类号： G09B9/301 ,  G06T15/405

摘要： A method for determining color information in a computer image generated display in which the display is divided into a plurality of spans and each span comprises a matrix of pixels, each of the pixels being further divided into a matrix of subpixels, which method and apparatus allows overlapping and inner penetrating faces appearing in an image to be resolved without conflict. Faces of objects appearing in an image are resolved by a range ordering process for each span in an image. The faces are reordered into range separable groups in which a range separable group is defined as faces in which the maximum range to the most distant face in a group does not overlap the minimum range of the nearest face in another group. Each range separable group of faces is then processed on a per pixel basis for determining the color contribution of that face or group of faces to each subpixel within a pixel. In one form, the process of identifying the colors contributing to a pixel may be terminated at the end of processing of one group of faces when at least a minimum number of subpixels within a pixel have been identified as covered by faces in the processed group. Where groups of faces cannot be divided into range separable groups, forced separation of groups can be implemented by establishing a predetermined maximum number of faces in a group or by inserting a pseudo-face within a group and breaking the groups at the pseudo-face.

公开(公告)号：US4670646A

公开(公告)日：1987-06-02

申请号：US744169

申请日：1985-06-12

申请人： Brett A. Spivey

发明人： Brett A. Spivey

IPC分类号： G01J9/02 ,  G01J1/10

CPC分类号： G01J9/0215

摘要： A wavefront, such as from a laser, is sampled, preferably at a beam splitter to break off only a fraction of the total light energy. The sampled beam is adjusted and sized--either by expansion or contraction at a conventional telescope--and thereafter sent through paired crossed Ronchi gratings and onto a CCD camera located at the first wave distance of constructive interference from the crossed Ronchi gratings. The crossed Ronchi gratings--in the order of 200 lines per inch and preferably with 200 equally spaced gaps per inch--project an array of square spots onto the focus of the CCD camera. The image of the array of square spots at the CCD camera is frozen via a frame grabber and digitized in a conventional format. The digitized image is played through a disclosed computer program to locate the spots. Thereafter, the located spots are compared to a standard spots. By knowing the difference between spot location of the standard spots and spot location of the suspect spots, wavefront analysis in phase can be analyzed. There results a simple wavefront analysis without the use of precision and moving optical parts which provides for measurement of the wavefront.

摘要翻译： 诸如来自激光器的波前被采样，优选地在分束器处被分离，以仅分解总光能的一部分。 采样光束通过常规望远镜的扩展或收缩进行调整和调整，然后通过成对的交叉Ronchi光栅发送到位于距离交叉Ronchi光栅的建设性干扰的第一波距离的CCD相机上。 交叉的Ronchi光栅 - 每英寸200行的数量级，优选地每英寸200个等间距的间距，在CCD照相机的焦点上投射一个方形点阵列。 CCD摄像机上的方形阵列阵列的图像通过帧采集器进行冻结，并以常规格式数字化。 通过公开的计算机程序播放数字化图像以定位斑点。 此后，将定位的点与标准点进行比较。 通过了解标准点的位置与可疑点的斑点位置之间的差异，可以分析相位波前分析。 这样就可以实现简单的波前分析，而无需使用精确度和移动的光学部件来提供波前测量。

公开(公告)号：US4555800A

公开(公告)日：1985-11-26

申请号：US527847

申请日：1983-08-30

申请人： Mitsuyo Nishikawa ,  Nobuo Kurihara

发明人： Mitsuyo Nishikawa ,  Nobuo Kurihara

IPC分类号： F23N5/00 ,  F23N5/08 ,  G06K9/00 ,  G01J1/10

CPC分类号： F23N5/082 ,  F23N5/003 ,  F23N2029/20

摘要： A method of diagnosing a combustion state in a furnace of a boiler wherein the shape of the root part of a flame (namely, the part closer to the fuel jet port of a burner) is picked up by an image sensor or the like, and the combustion state is diagnosed from the shape. Concretely, the relationships between the shapes of the root parts of flames and the combustion states of the furnace, e.g., the amount of CO or the amount of NOx are experimentally or empirically ensured and are stored in advance, one of the patterns of the stored flame shapes is selected on the basis of the shape of the root part of the flame actually observed, and the combustion state of the furnace is judged the combustion state of the selected flame shape.

摘要翻译： 一种诊断锅炉炉内燃烧状态的方法，其中火焰根部的形状（即靠近燃烧器的燃料喷射口的部分）被图像传感器等拾取， 从形状诊断燃烧状态。 具体地，火焰根部的形状与炉的燃烧状态之间的关系，例如CO的量或NOx的量是经实验或经验确保的，并且预先存储，存储的模式之一 基于实际观察到的火焰根部的形状来选择火焰形状，并且将炉的燃烧状态判断为所选火焰形状的燃烧状态。

公开(公告)号：US4217648A

公开(公告)日：1980-08-12

申请号：US951989

申请日：1978-10-16

申请人： Siegfried Thurm ,  Konrad Bunge

发明人： Siegfried Thurm ,  Konrad Bunge

IPC分类号： G03B27/73 ,  G06K11/06 ,  G01J1/10

CPC分类号： G03B27/735

摘要： The densities of neighboring unit areas of a color photographic negative are measured in each of the primary colors and the results of measurements are compared with each other to ascertain the dimensions and boundaries of negative portions which exhibit dominant colors. Each such portion is considered in the selection of the amounts of copying light to the extent corresponding to a single unit area. The comparison is carried out by a computer which compares the results of measurements of neighboring unit areas, as considered in and at right angles to the direction of movement of the negative relative to the monitoring elements. A result of measurement is disregarded if it deviates from the result of measurement of a neighboring unit area by less than a preselected reference value which may but need not be different for each primary color.

摘要翻译： 在每种原色中测量彩色照相底片的相邻单位面积的密度，并将测量结果相互比较，以确定显示主色的负面部分的尺寸和边界。 每个这样的部分被认为是选择对应于单个单位区域的程度的复印光量。 该比较由计算机执行，该计算机比较相邻单元区域的测量结果，如在负向相对于监视元件的移动方向中以及与其正确的方向相同。 如果偏离相邻单位面积的测量结果小于预选的参考值，则可以忽略测量结果，该参考值对于每种原色可能不一定不同。

公开(公告)号：US4119968A

公开(公告)日：1978-10-10

申请号：US738002

申请日：1976-11-02

申请人： Lester I. Goldfischer

发明人： Lester I. Goldfischer

IPC分类号： G01C21/00 ,  G01K11/00 ,  G01S7/04 ,  G01J1/10

CPC分类号： G01C21/005 ,  G01K11/006 ,  G01S7/04

摘要： A microwave correlator utilizing holographic techniques and operating in a spectral region of small weather effects using passive radiometric sensing in which a phase hologram of an area to be flown over is stored in a computer aboard an aircraft and the ground area sensed with an antenna controlled by that hologram in order to develop signals indicative of the position of the aircraft over the land area.

摘要翻译： 微波相关器利用全息技术并在使用被动辐射测量的小天气效应的光谱区域中进行操作，其中要飞行的区域的相位全息图被存储在飞行器上的计算机中，以及由天线控制的天线感测的地面区域 该全息图为了发展指示飞机在陆地区域上的位置的信号。

公开(公告)号：US3728546A

公开(公告)日：1973-04-17

申请号：US3728546D

申请日：1972-03-22

申请人： PHILIPS CORP

发明人： DESVIGNES F ,  DOITTAU F

IPC分类号： G01S3/783 ,  H04N5/33 ,  G01J1/10

CPC分类号： H04N5/33 ,  G01S3/783

摘要： Compensation of radiation towards outer space for horizon sensor thermopiles. Electronic circuit elements which form part of the device for controlling the compensating source are incorporated in a metallic material which consequently radiates to the thermopiles a thermal power which is proportional to the power which passes through these elements. Thus substantially all the power consumed is used in this source, so that the power consumption is reduced to a minimum. Applications for compensation of radiation towards outer space which gives rise to zero errors in the case of differences in sensitivity between the detectors in the attitude sensors.

摘要翻译： 地平线传感器热电堆对外层空间的辐射补偿。