公开(公告)号：US6074694A

公开(公告)日：2000-06-13

申请号：US827679

申请日：1997-04-10

申请人： Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Siegfried Nees ,  Frank Stanglmeier ,  Hans Baumann

发明人： Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Siegfried Nees ,  Frank Stanglmeier ,  Hans Baumann

IPC分类号： B05D5/12 ,  B05B7/08 ,  B05B7/14 ,  B05B13/06 ,  B05B15/00 ,  B05D7/00 ,  C04B41/45 ,  C04B41/81 ,  G01N27/407 ,  H05K3/12 ,  B05D1/02 ,  B05D3/12

CPC分类号： B05B7/1436 ,  B05B13/0645 ,  B05B13/069 ,  B05B15/003 ,  B05B7/0807 ,  C04B41/4535 ,  C04B41/81 ,  G01N27/4075 ,  H05K3/1241

摘要： A process for applying materials to a carrier, for which the material is atomized just prior to applying it by compressed air that is supplied separately. The process is particularly suited for the application of electrically conductive material to carriers of ceramics materials.

摘要翻译： 将材料施加到载体上的方法，在将载体分开供给的压缩空气施加之前，材料被雾化。 该方法特别适用于将导电材料应用于陶瓷材料的载体。

公开(公告)号：US5368713A

公开(公告)日：1994-11-29

申请号：US39059

申请日：1993-04-05

申请人： Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Hans-Martin Wiedenmann ,  Eberhard Goehring

发明人： Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Hans-Martin Wiedenmann ,  Eberhard Goehring

IPC分类号： G01N27/409 ,  F02D41/14 ,  G01N27/26 ,  G01N27/407 ,  G01N27/416 ,  G01N27/417

CPC分类号： G01N27/4075

摘要： A layer system (11, 12) and a process for producing such a layer system is proposed which serves, in particular, to produce exhaust gas sensors. The modified layer system according to the invention advantageously contains very finely dispersed and highly reactive mixed oxides of alkali metals and at least trivalent elements on or in the porous covering layer (12), which mixed oxides exhibit an improved gettering action with respect to all the contaminants from the exhaust gas. Exhaust gas sensors having a layer system according to the invention are largely insensitive to contaminants from the exhaust gas.

摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / DE91 / 00749 Sec。 371日期：1993年4月5日 102（e）日期1994年4月5日PCT 1991年9月21日PCT PCT。 公开号WO92 / 07253 日期为1992年4月30日。提出了一种层系统（11,12）和用于生产这种层系统的方法，其特别用于制造排气传感器。 根据本发明的改性层系统有利地包含在多孔覆盖层（12）上或其中的非常精细分散和高反应性的碱金属和至少三价元素的混合氧化物，所述混合氧化物相对于所有这些混合氧化物表现出改善的吸气作用 废气中的污染物。 具有根据本发明的层系统的废气传感器对于来自废气的污染物很不敏感。

公开(公告)号：US5310575A

公开(公告)日：1994-05-10

申请号：US869893

申请日：1992-04-15

申请人： Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Hans-Martin Wiedenmann ,  Eva Soll

发明人： Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Hans-Martin Wiedenmann ,  Eva Soll

IPC分类号： B05D5/12 ,  G01N27/407 ,  G01N27/409

CPC分类号： G01N27/4075

摘要： An electrochemical measurement sensor for determining the oxygen content in gases, in particular in exhaust gases from internal combustion engines, having a solid electrolyte of stabilized zirconium dioxide and/or other oxygen ion-conductive oxides and at least one electrode on the side of the solid electrolyte exposed to the gas which is to be measured, is proposed, the electrode or electrodes containing, if desired, a ceramic support structure, and the electrode or electrodes exposed to the gas, which is to be measured, being covered by a porous ceramic protective layer of an Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and/or Mg spinel (MgO.Al.sub.2 O.sub.3) matrix with preferably metastable ZrO.sub.2 particles incorporated therein.The use of an Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 ZrO.sub.2 mixed oxide, which is preferably obtained by coprecipitation or by combination of suspensions of separately precipitated components or by spray-calcination of a combined solution of salts of the components and which may, if desired, contain a stabilizer for the ZrO.sub.2, such as, for example, Y.sub.2 O.sub.3, for forming the protective layer makes it possible, surprisingly, to form a firmly adhering, sintering-on protective layer which has a relatively narrow pore size distribution and which allows the best possible gas access to the outer electrode of the measurement sensor. The use of the Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 /ZrO.sub.2 mixed-oxide powder also achieves very extensive balancing of the hitherto observed mismatch of mechanical stresses and layer strengths on the one hand and the desired porosity and sensor control position on the other hand.

摘要翻译： 一种电化学测量传感器，用于确定气体中的氧含量，特别是在具有稳定的二氧化锆和/或其它氧离子传导氧化物的固体电解质的内燃机的废气中的氧含量，以及固体一侧的至少一个电极 提出了暴露于待测气体的电解质，如果需要，电极或电极包含陶瓷载体结构，暴露于被测量气体的电极或电极被多孔陶瓷覆盖 Al2O3和/或Mg尖晶石（MgO.Al2O3）基体的保护层，其中掺入优选亚稳态的ZrO 2颗粒。 使用Al2O3ZrO2混合氧化物，其优选通过共沉淀或通过组合分离沉淀组分的悬浮液或通过组合盐的组合溶液的喷雾煅烧而获得，如果需要，其可以含有ZrO 2的稳定剂 ，例如Y 2 O 3，用于形成保护层使得可以令人惊奇地形成牢固粘附的烧结保护层，该保护层具有相对窄的孔径分布并允许最佳可能的气体进入外部 测量传感器的电极。 另一方面，Al2O3 / ZrO2混合氧化物粉末的使用一方面也实现了迄今为止所观察到的机械应力和层强度的不匹配以及期望的孔隙率和传感器控制位置的非常广泛的平衡。

公开(公告)号：US5181007A

公开(公告)日：1993-01-19

申请号：US459752

申请日：1990-01-10

申请人： Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Hans-Martin Wiedenmann

发明人： Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Hans-Martin Wiedenmann

IPC分类号： G01K7/16 ,  G01J5/02 ,  G01J5/20 ,  G01K7/18 ,  G01K7/22 ,  G01N27/416 ,  G01N27/417 ,  H01C1/024 ,  H01C1/034 ,  H01C7/02

CPC分类号： G01K7/183 ,  H01C7/021 ,  Y10T29/49085

摘要： A PTC temperature sensor, in particular for use in the exhaust gas system of internal combustion engines, has a sensing element including a PTC resistor connected to conductor webs disposed in a housing. The PTC resistor and the conductor webs are composed of a homogeneous material to form a PTC resistor track. The temperature sensing element is formed from a laminated composite of ceramic films in which the PTC resistor track is hermetically encapsulated with respect to the gas being measured and the ambient air.

公开(公告)号：US5137615A

公开(公告)日：1992-08-11

申请号：US566376

申请日：1990-08-30

申请人： Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Gerhard Hoetzel

发明人： Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Gerhard Hoetzel

IPC分类号： G01N27/41 ,  B41M1/12 ,  B81B1/00 ,  C04B35/00 ,  F02D41/00 ,  F02D41/14 ,  G01N27/00 ,  G01N27/12 ,  G01N27/407 ,  G01N27/416 ,  G01N27/417 ,  H01L49/00

CPC分类号： G01N27/4071 ,  G01N27/4072

摘要： A sensor element for limiting current sensors for determination of the .lambda.-value of gas mixtures is proposed, which has at least one outer pumping electrode and one inner pumping electrode, on a solid electrolyte in platelet or foil form, conducting O.sup.2- ions, of which the inner pumping electrode is arranged in a diffusion channel for the measuring gas. It consists of a porous three-dimensional precious metal electrode having a supporting structure, the thickness of which electrode corresponds to the height of the diffusion channel. Characteristic of the inner pumping electrode is a greatly improved load-bearing capacity in comparison with electrodes of sheet-like design, whereby the service life of the sensor element is increased. A further advantage of the three-dimensional design of the inner pumping electrode is that it takes on a supporting function during lamination in the production of the sensor element by ceramic foil and screen printing techniques.

摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / DE89 / 00102 Sec。 371日期1990年8月30日第 102（e）1990年8月30日PCT PCT 1989年2月23日提交PCT。 出版物WO89 / 08840 日本1989年9月21日提出了一种用于限制用于确定气体混合物的λ值的电流传感器的传感器元件，其具有至少一个外部泵浦电极和一个内部泵浦电极，在片状或箔形式的固体电解质上 ，其中内部泵浦电极布置在用于测量气体的扩散通道中的O2-离子。 它由具有支撑结构的多孔三维贵金属电极组成，其电极的厚度对应于扩散通道的高度。 与片状设计的电极相比，内部泵送电极的特性是大大改善的承载能力，从而传感器元件的使用寿命增加。 内部泵送电极的三维设计的另一优点在于，通过陶瓷箔和丝网印刷技术在传感器元件的制造中层压期间它具有支撑功能。

公开(公告)号：US4393282A

公开(公告)日：1983-07-12

申请号：US245170

申请日：1981-03-18

申请人： Werner Grunwald ,  Ernst Zehender ,  Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Jurgen Schmatz ,  Hans Neu ,  Kuno Kirner ,  Bernd Schumacher

发明人： Werner Grunwald ,  Ernst Zehender ,  Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Jurgen Schmatz ,  Hans Neu ,  Kuno Kirner ,  Bernd Schumacher

IPC分类号： F02P7/02 ,  H01H19/00

CPC分类号： F02P7/025

摘要： The part of the distributor electrode in the breakdown region has a resistance of at least 400 ohms per millimeter. The total resistance of the electrode is in the range of between 0.5 and 1.0 kilo-ohms. The material is a mixture of a resistive ceramic material and a finely dispersed additive of metallic conductivity. Arrangements for creating surface discharge gaps thereby slowing down the sparking process and decreasing interference are also illustrated.

摘要翻译： 击穿区域中的分配器电极的部分具有至少400欧姆/毫米的电阻。 电极的总电阻在0.5-1.0千欧的范围内。 该材料是电阻陶瓷材料和金属导电性的细分散添加剂的混合物。 还示出了用于产生表面放电间隙的布置，从而减慢了火花过程并降低了干扰。

公开(公告)号：US4354912A

公开(公告)日：1982-10-19

申请号：US113407

申请日：1980-01-18

申请人： Karl-Hermann Friese

发明人： Karl-Hermann Friese

IPC分类号： G01N27/409 ,  C04B35/48 ,  C04B35/486 ,  C04B37/02 ,  C04B41/70 ,  G01N27/407 ,  H01M8/12 ,  G01N27/58

CPC分类号： G01N27/4073 ,  C04B35/486 ,  C04B37/025 ,  G01N27/4071 ,  H01M8/12 ,  C04B2237/064 ,  C04B2237/068 ,  C04B2237/343 ,  C04B2237/348 ,  C04B2237/765 ,  Y02P70/56

摘要： To improve current loading of the electrodes and thus improve the start-up operation of an electrochemical system which includes a solid electrolyte body, particularly at temperatures in the order of about 300.degree. C., the solid electrolyte body and the electrode layer thereover has an intermediate coating of fully stabilized zirconium dioxide applied; for example partially stabilized zirconium dioxide is fully stabilized in its surface region by yttrium or ytterbium oxide. This intermediate layer, while improving the current carrying capability of electrodes applied thereover, additionally prevents the occurrence of damage to the microstructure of partially stabilized solid electrolyte ceramic, particularly under changeable temperature loading, so that, if the solid electrolyte body essentially entirely consists of partially stabilized ceramic, the additional fully stabilized coating or surface zone can also be provided where the solid electrolyte body does not carry an electrode layer. The fully stabilized coating or layer - which may be a surface zone of the partially stabilized body - can be obtained by coating the partially stabilized body with a stabilization oxide which, in a heat treatment, is then diffused into the surface zone; or an aqueous suspension of about 92 mol-% ZrO.sub.2 and 8 mol-% Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 or 8 mol-% Yb.sub.2 O.sub.3 can be applied, by spraying, dipping, or the like; up to 3% (by weight) of sinter-active Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 is preferably added in order to improve sintering activity of the layer, over which, where desired, an electrode layer or a composite cermet electrode layer can be applied.

摘要翻译： 为了改善电极的电流负载，从而改善包括固体电解质体的电化学系统的启动操作，特别是在约300℃左右的温度下，固体电解质体和其上的电极层具有 施加完全稳定的二氧化锆的中间涂层; 例如部分稳定的二氧化锆通过钇或氧化镱在其表面区域中完全稳定。 该中间层在提高其上施加的电极的载流能力的同时，另外防止了对部分稳定的固体电解质陶瓷的微结构的损害，特别是在可变温度负载下的发生，使得如果固体电解质体基本上完全由部分 也可以在固体电解质体不携带电极层的情况下提供额外的完全稳定的涂层或表面区域。 完全稳定的涂层或层 - 其可以是部分稳定体的表面区域 - 可以通过用稳定化氧化物涂覆部分稳定的体来获得，其在热处理中然后扩散到表面区域中; 或者通过喷涂，浸渍等可以施加约92mol％ZrO 2和8mol％Y 2 O 3或8mol％Yb 2 O 3的水悬浮液; 为了提高层的烧结活性，优选添加高达3重量％的烧结活性Al 2 O 3，根据需要，可以在其上施加电极层或复合金属陶瓷电极层。

公开(公告)号：US4283441A

公开(公告)日：1981-08-11

申请号：US98708

申请日：1979-11-29

申请人： Wolf-Dieter Haecker ,  Karl-Hermann Friese

发明人： Wolf-Dieter Haecker ,  Karl-Hermann Friese

IPC分类号： G01N27/409 ,  C04B35/00 ,  C04B35/486 ,  C04B35/71 ,  C23C24/08 ,  C25B9/00 ,  C25B11/00 ,  G01N27/406 ,  G01N27/407 ,  G01N27/41 ,  H01M4/36 ,  H01M8/12 ,  B05D5/12

CPC分类号： G01N27/4075 ,  C04B35/486 ,  H01M8/12 ,  Y02P70/56

摘要： To increase the response speed and sensitivity, while providing higher output voltages and permitting higher loading of the electrodes of gas sensors, particularly exhaust gas sensors to determine the transition of exhaust gases from internal combustion engines between reducing and oxidizing state, the sintering activity of the electrode which, typically, a cermet electrode, is selected to be less than that of the solid electrolyte body so that the resulting pore structure will be more open than that of the solid electrolyte body. The electrodes, essentially, consist of finely divided ceramic material, such as zirconium oxide, and finely divided electron conductive material such as platinum. On the pre-sintered solid electrolyte body, a mixture of the ceramic and the electron conductive material is applied in which the ceramic of the lattice support structure for the cermet electrode is less sinter-active than the ceramic of the solid electrolyte body, resulting in the improved pore structure of the cermet electrode layer.

摘要翻译： 为了提高响应速度和灵敏度，同时提供更高的输出电压并且允许气体传感器，特别是废气传感器的电极的更高负载以确定来自内燃机的还原和氧化状态之间的废气的转变， 通常选择金属陶瓷电极的电极小于固体电解质体的电极，使得所得到的孔结构将比固体电解质体更开放。 电极基本上由精细分散的陶瓷材料（例如氧化锆）和微细的电子传导材料（例如铂）组成。 在预烧结固体电解质体上，应用陶瓷和电子传导材料的混合物，其中用于金属陶瓷电极的晶格支撑结构的陶瓷比固体电解质体的陶瓷烧结活性低，导致 改善金属陶瓷电极层的孔结构。

公开(公告)号：US4282080A

公开(公告)日：1981-08-04

申请号：US121632

申请日：1980-02-14

申请人： Klaus Muller ,  Ernst Linder ,  Helmut Mauer ,  Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Franz Rieger ,  Heinz Geier

发明人： Klaus Muller ,  Ernst Linder ,  Helmut Mauer ,  Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Franz Rieger ,  Heinz Geier

IPC分类号： G01N27/41 ,  G01N27/406 ,  G01N27/407 ,  G01N27/409 ,  G01N27/413 ,  G01N27/416 ,  G01N27/48 ,  G01N27/58

CPC分类号： G01N27/4071 ,  G01N27/4067 ,  G01N27/407 ,  G01N27/48

摘要： To facilitate mass production and permit ready introduction of a substance which provides an oxygen partial pressure reference level, for example the oxygen in ambient air, an elongated plane flat plate-like solid electrolyte body is provided with electrodes thereon, and one of the electrodes is covered by a trough-like cover element to form the reference electrode, the space beneath the trough-like element and the electrode itself being available for the substance which may, but need not be, the oxygen of air, and may be a solid material providing a reference oxygen partial pressure level. The cover plate may, itself, be made of solid electrolyte material and may form a portion of another sensing element, so that a plurality of sensing elements can be superimposed in sandwich-like fashion. A heater element can be applied to a flat plate element of the assembly where desired. The sensors can operate in the potentiometric or polarographic mode.

摘要翻译： 为了促进批量生产并准许准备引入提供氧分压参考水平的物质，例如环境空气中的氧气，细长平面平板状固体电解质体在其上设置有电极，并且其中一个电极是 由槽状盖元件覆盖以形成参考电极，槽状元件下面的空间和电极本身可用于可以但不必须是空气氧的物质，并且可以是固体材料 提供参考氧分压水平。 盖板本身可以由固体电解质材料制成并且可以形成另一感测元件的一部分，使得多个感测元件可以以夹层状的方式重叠。 如果需要，加热器元件可以应用于组件的平板元件。 传感器可以以电位或极谱方式工作。

公开(公告)号：US4280890A

公开(公告)日：1981-07-28

申请号：US130453

申请日：1980-03-14

申请人： Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Wolf-Dieter Haecker ,  Burkhard Pfeiffer

发明人： Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Wolf-Dieter Haecker ,  Burkhard Pfeiffer

IPC分类号： G01N27/409 ,  B05D1/34 ,  C23C4/00 ,  G01N27/407 ,  H01M4/90 ,  H01M8/1213 ,  G01N27/58

CPC分类号： G01N27/4077 ,  H01M8/1213 ,  H01M4/9025 ,  H01M4/9033 ,  H01M4/905 ,  H01M4/9066 ,  Y02P70/56

摘要： To decrease the quantity of catalytically active noble metal used in a Cermet (ceramic-metal) electrode, particularly one containing platinum, the electrode has a non-uniform noble metal concentration, with respect to its cross section, so that the outer region thereof consists essentially only of ceramic material, protecting the softer noble metal which is subject to erosion, and permitting a higher concentration of noble metal close to the solid electrolyte body where it is most needed. This type of electrode can be applied, for example, by concurrent spraying of an aqueous suspension of noble metal-and-ceramic from one nozzle, and a suspension of only ceramic from another nozzle, and varying the throughput through the two nozzles, first only spraying the metal-ceramic mixture and then starting the ceramic-only suspension while decreasing the mixture suspension until only ceramic material is sprayed; in accordance with another method, the solid electrolyte body can, for example, be dipped in sequential suspensions or have sequential suspensions applied thereto by dripping-on, painting-on, or the like. The electrode and the solid electrolyte body, for example zirconium dioxide, are then sintered.

摘要翻译： 为了减少在金属陶瓷（陶瓷 - 金属）电极中使用的催化活性贵金属的量，特别是含铂的电极，相对于其横截面，电极具有不均匀的贵金属浓度，使得其外部区域 基本上只有陶瓷材料，保护被腐蚀的较软的贵金属，并允许更接近固体电解质体的最高浓度的贵金属。 这种类型的电极可以例如通过从一个喷嘴同时喷射贵金属和陶瓷的水性悬浮液和仅来自另一个喷嘴的陶瓷的悬浮液并且通过两个喷嘴改变通过量首先应用 喷涂金属陶瓷混合物，然后启动仅陶瓷的悬浮液，同时减少混合物悬浮液，直到只喷涂陶瓷材料; 根据另一种方法，固体电解质体可以例如浸渍在连续悬浮液中，或者通过滴加，喷涂等施用于其上的顺序悬浮液。 然后烧结电极和固体电解质体，例如二氧化锆。