摘要:
Near-field electromagnetic devices having an opaque metallic screen with a fractal iterate aperture are provided. More specifically, the aperture is obtained by application of a self-similar replacement rule to an initial shape two or more times. Alternatively, the aperture can be obtained by application of a self-similar replacement rule one or more times to an initial C-shape. Such apertures tend to have multiple transmission resonances due to their multiple length scales. Fractal iterate apertures can provide enhanced transmission and improved spatial resolution simultaneously. Enormous improvement in transmission efficiency is possible. In one example, a checkerboard fractal iterate aperture provides 1011 more intensity gain than a square aperture having the same spatial resolution. Efficient transmission for fractal iterate apertures having spatial resolution of λ/20 is also shown. The effect of screen thickness and composition can be included in detailed designs, but do not alter the basic advantages of improved transmission and spatial resolution provided by the invention.
摘要:
An improved surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor is provided based on direct measurement of the Goos-Hänchen effect. Sensor sensitivity is enhanced by selecting the thickness of the metallic layer of the SPR sensor to be close to a critical thickness dcr where the effect of the surface plasmon resonance on the Goos-Hänchen shift is most pronounced. Overall sensor sensitivity is surprisingly found to improve with this approach, even though the measurement is based on a second order effect (i.e., the Goos-Hänchen shift) instead of the first order reflectance change measured in conventional SPR sensor approaches. The invention is also applicable to sensors based on measurements of other non-specular reflection parameters, such as temporal shifts, frequency shifts, and/or angular shifts.
摘要:
An optical storage system and method having separate, independent format hologram writing and data writing mechanisms to allow optimization of data writing separately from format hologram recording. In its most general terms, the invention comprises an optical medium having a first, photoactive material responsive to a first, format hologram recording condition and a second photo-active material, responsive to a second, data writing condition, which is dispersed or dissolved in the first photoactive material. The second photoactive material may additionally be “erasable” under a third, erasing condition. The second photoactive material is preferably in the form of microparticles, microdroplets or microcapsules which are dispersed throughout the first photoactive material. The format hologram is recorded in the first photoactive material when the optical medium is subject to the first, format hologram recording condition, and the data writing is subsequently carried out separately, in connection with the second photoactive material, under the second, data writing condition. The separate format hologram recording and bit writing functions provided by the diferent conditions make them orthogonal.
摘要:
A near field optical apparatus comprising a conductive sheet or plane having an aperture therein with the conductive plane including at least one protrusion which extends into the aperture. The location, structure and configuration of the protrusion or protrusions can be controlled to provide desired near field localization of optical power output associated with the aperture. Preferably, the location, structure and configuration of the protrusion are tailored to maximize near field localization at generally the center of the aperture. The aperture preferably has a perimeter dimension which is substantially resonant with the output wavelength of the light source, or is otherwise able to support a standing wave of significant amplitude. The apparatus may be embodied in a vertical cavity surface emitting layer or VCSEL having enhanced nearfield brightness by providing a conductive layer on the laser emission facet, with, a protrusion of the conductive layer extending into an aperture in the emission facet. The aperture in the emission facet preferably has dimensions smaller than the guide mode of the laser, and the aperture preferably defines different regions of reflectivity under the emission facet. The depth of the aperture can be etched to provide a particular target loss, and results in higher optical power extraction from the emission facet.
摘要:
A hybrid magnetic-optical head apparatus wherein one or more solid state lasers, magnetic field biasing elements, magnetic sensing elements, and an aerodynamically shaped slider comprise a single integrated, monolithic device fabricated from the same base semiconductor material into an optical head. The monolithic optical head can be quickly and easily attached to the read arm of an optical read/write device without requiring attachment of separate laser and magnetic elements, and without micropositioning or use of optical microscopy for positioning the lasers or magnetic elements. The hybrid magnetic-optical head apparatus includes a magnetic-optical function region having a semiconductor laser and at least one magnetic element. Preferably, the magnetic-optical function region of the substrate includes a magnetic field biasing element associated with the semiconductor laser, as well as a magnetic sensing element. The slider portion of the magnetic optical head preferably includes an aerodynamically shaped air cavity as well as an air bearing surface, with the emission face of the laser preferably is substantially co-planar with the air bearing surface. The magnetic-optical function region may be configured for magnetically assisted thermal recording wherein writing is carried out primarily by laser power modulation to selectively heat portions of a medium, together with assistance of an applied magnetic field to establish a preferred direction of magnetization pattern in the medium. The magnetic-optical function region may alternatively be configured for thermally assisted magnetic writing wherein writing is carried out primarily by modulation of magnetic field, together with assistance of a laser which heats the medium to reduce the medium coercivity and thereby assist in the magnetic recording.
摘要:
An optical information medium comprising at least two data layers for bearing recorded information, and a servo layer for bearing tracking servo, information which is independently formed from the data layers; wherein the medium is used with a recording or reading system wherein a data beam for recording or reading the data in the data layer and a servo beam for reading the tracking servo information in the servo layer are used, and the servo layer is read by the servo beam that had passed through the data layer; and a filter layer is disposed between the data layer and the servo layer, and the filter layer exhibits higher absorption to the data beam than to the servo beam.
摘要:
The holographic storage and retrieval system according to the present invention comprises one convex reflector and one concave reflector having the same optical axis. The reflective surfaces of the two reflectors are opposite each other. The concave reflector is normally larger than the convex reflector. The holographic storage medium is positioned at the focal surface of the concave reflector. The spherical reflector system according to the present invention has nearly ideal performance off-axis: high bandwidth, low aberration imaging is permitted at a number of radial and axial locations. Thus, multiple SLM/CCD pairs can be placed off-axis to access the same storage medium and implement multiple interconnects.
摘要:
A method for coded-wavelength multiplexing according to which a signal waves S.sub.i (r) is recorded in a holographic medium in a counter-propagating geometry using corresponding writing reference waves R.sub.i (r). The method involves selecting discrete wavelengths .lambda. and encoding reference wave vectors .rho..sub.l which make up writing reference waves R.sub.i (r) such that the writing reference waves R.sub.i (r) at each wavelength .lambda. are orthogonal. The stored signal waves S.sub.i (r) are reconstructed in the form of reconstruction waves A.sub.c (.sigma.) with reconstruction reference waves R.sub.c (r) selected from among the writing reference waves R.sub.i (r). In the event of angular multiplexing of the reference wave vectors .rho..sub.l, it is possible to use one reference wave to produce a number of reconstruction waves A.sub.c (.sigma.) and generate a mosaic of desired holographic pages.
摘要:
Signal processing methods for addressing intersymbol interference in page-access optical memories such as holographic or two photon systems are disclosed. The invention takes advantage of the cartesian arrangement of data in page-access optical memories. A detector using the Viterbi algorithm is used to decode data row by row. Decision feedback is used in the direction perpendicular to the Viterbi direction. The use of data from previously decoded rows allows a reduction in the complexity of the Viterbi detector.
摘要:
Ionic and impurity concentrations in a photorefractive holographic storage medium are optimized such that electronic and ionic Debye numbers match an expected grating wave number K, at fixing and recording temperatures, respectively. Simultaneous and sequential recording and fixing are evaluated. The photovoltaic effect is reduced, subject to response time and absorption constraints, by matching reduced and oxidized impurity concentrations.