Injection valve, particularly for direct injection of fuel into the
combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine
    52.
    发明授权
    Injection valve, particularly for direct injection of fuel into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine 失效
    喷射阀,特别是用于将燃料直接喷射到内燃机的燃烧室中

    公开(公告)号:US6155499A

    公开(公告)日:2000-12-05

    申请号:US242311

    申请日:1999-02-12

    摘要: An injection valve is described, in particular for direct injection of fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, with a valve body having a valve opening surrounded by a valve seat to form a spray opening, and with a valve needle which is pressed into its closed position, has a closing head and extends through the valve opening so that the closing head which works together with the valve seat is in contact with the valve seat on the spray side when the valve is closed. To ensure accurate fuel metering that is constant over a long period of time with such an injection valve, a plurality of fuel channels distributed around the periphery are arranged in the flow path upstream from the spray opening so that streams or strands of fuel coming out of the fuel channels are essentially maintained until downstream from the spray opening, and the individual cross sections of the fuel channels (29, 29', 29") together define a cross section of the flow path through the valve which determines the flow rate.

    摘要翻译: PCT No.PCT / DE97 / 01213 Sec。 371日期1999年2月12日 102(e)1999年2月12日PCT 1997年6月14日PCT公布。 第WO98 / 07980号公报 日期1998年2月26日描述了一种喷射阀,特别是用于将燃料直接喷射到内燃机的燃烧室中,其中阀体具有由阀座包围的阀开口,以形成喷雾口 被压入其关闭位置的阀针具有闭合头并延伸穿过阀开口,使得当阀关闭时与阀座一起工作的关闭头与喷雾侧的阀座接触。 为了确保使用这种喷射阀在长时间内恒定的准确的燃料计量,在喷射开口上游的流动路径中布置有围绕周边分布的多个燃料通道,使得从燃料流出的燃料流或股线 燃料通道基本上保持直到喷雾开口的下游,并且燃料通道(29,29',29“)的各个横截面共同限定了通过阀的流动路径的横截面,该横截面确定了流量。

    Cone beam synthetic arrays in three-dimensional computerized tomography
    53.
    发明授权
    Cone beam synthetic arrays in three-dimensional computerized tomography 失效
    锥形光束合成扫描仪阵列在三维计算机断层扫描

    公开(公告)号:US5740224A

    公开(公告)日:1998-04-14

    申请号:US564854

    申请日:1995-11-30

    IPC分类号: G01N23/04 G01N23/083

    CPC分类号: G01N23/04 Y10S378/901

    摘要: The method of the present invention combines an ensemble of truncated partial cone beam projections to synthesize a complete virtual projection. The individual partial projections are obtained with CT scanners, where for each partial projection the investigated object is positioned at precise locations specified by formulas described in the present application (e.g., formulas (3), (4), (6) and (18) for linear cone beam synthetic scanner arrays or formulas (9)-(13), (20), (21) and (25)-(27) for circular cone beam synthetic scanner arrays). Prior to the actual reconstruction, the partial cone beam projections are combined to form a complete virtual projection, equivalent to a projection one would obtain by using a sufficiently large detector.

    摘要翻译: 本发明的方法组合了一组截锥部分锥形投影以合成完整的虚拟投影。 用CT扫描器获得各个部分投影,其中对于每个部分投影,被调查物体位于由本申请中描述的公式指定的精确位置(例如公式(3),(4),(6)和(18) 用于圆锥形束合成扫描器阵列的线性锥形束合成扫描器阵列或公式(9) - (13),(20),(21)和(25) - (27))。 在实际重建之前,将部分锥形束投影组合以形成完整的虚拟投影,等同于通过使用足够大的检测器获得的投影。

    Postage meter with improved handling of power failure
    54.
    发明授权
    Postage meter with improved handling of power failure 失效
    具有改善电源故障处理能力的邮资计费表

    公开(公告)号:US5712542A

    公开(公告)日:1998-01-27

    申请号:US562854

    申请日:1995-11-27

    IPC分类号: G07B17/00 G07B17/02 H02P5/46

    摘要: A postage meter has a print rotor rotated by a motor and the motor is capable of being started and stopped under processor control. State variables are established within a nonvolatile memory. The rotor begins in its home position. When a mail piece such as a letter is detected by a letter sensor, the processor sets a state variable. At some point (either before loss of power, or after restoration of power) the postage value to be printed is booked into the accounting register. The rotor motor is started. At some point (either before loss of power, or after restoration of power) the rotor reaches its home position again. A state variable is cleared. In this way, it is possible, even after the loss and restoration of power, to distinguish between a rotor that is in its home position because it has not yet printed postage (but needs to do so) and a rotor that is in its home position because the printing of postage has been completed. Similarly it is possible, even after the loss and restoration of power, to distinguish between accounting registers that are quiescent because they have not yet had a postage amount booked, and registers that are quiescent because the booking of postage has been completed. The postage meter is thus quite unlikely to print postage that has not been booked, or book postage that does not get printed, even in the face of power losses at unpredictable times, and even in the absence of a large-capacity reserve power supply.

    摘要翻译: 邮资计具有由电动机旋转的打印转子,并且电机能够在处理器控制下启动和停止。 在非易失性存储器中建立状态变量。 转子从其起始位置开始。 当通过字母传感器检测到诸如字母的邮件时,处理器设置状态变量。 在某些时候(在电力丧失或恢复电力之前),要打印的邮资值被记入会计登记册。 转子电机启动。 在某些时候(在功率损失或电源恢复之后)转子再次到达原来的位置。 状态变量被清除。 这样,即使在电力的损失和恢复之后,也可以区分由于尚未打印邮资(但需要这样做)的转子和位于其家中的转子而在其原位置的转子 因为邮资的打印已经完成。 同样地,即使在损失和恢复权力之后,也可能区分静止的会计登记册,因为它们还没有预订的邮资金额,而且由于订购邮资已经完成,所以登记成静止。 因此,即使在不可预测的时间内即使在没有大容量备用电源的情况下面对功率损失,邮资计费器也不太可能打印尚未预订的邮资,或者预订不打印的邮资。

    Porphycene compounds for photodynamic therapy
    55.
    发明授权
    Porphycene compounds for photodynamic therapy 失效
    卟啉化合物用于光动力疗法

    公开(公告)号:US5409900A

    公开(公告)日:1995-04-25

    申请号:US102772

    申请日:1993-08-06

    CPC分类号: C07D487/22 A61K41/0057

    摘要: A porphycene having the structure ##STR1## wherein each R.sup.1 is, independently, (a) --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --X, where n=1-4, X is OR.sup.2 and R.sup.2 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, aralkyl or aryl; CN; OH; OSO.sub.2 R.sup.2 ; NH.sub.2 ; NHR.sup.2 ; NR.sub.2.sup.2 ; SH; SR.sup.2 ; S(O).sub.1-2 R.sup.2 ; COOH; CO.sub.2 R.sup.2 ; C(O)NH.sub.2 ; C(O)NHR.sup.2 ; C(O)NR.sub.2.sup.2 ; halogen; or CHO;(b) --(CH.sub.2).sub.m CH.dbd.CH.sub.2 where m is 0-2; or(c) --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --O--G where G is a mono- or oligosaccharide;(d) --(CH.sub.2).sub.2n --X, where X is an amino acid, oligopeptide covalently bonded by an ether-, ester- or amine-bond or --Y-- (CH.sub.2).sub.n -porphycene.sup.2 (porphycene.sup.2 being a compound of the same structure and Y is a direct bond; --O--; or --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2); or(e) where one, two or three of the substituents R.sup.1 are C.sub.1-6 alkyl or aryl and the remaining substituents are as above under (a)-(d), and salts and metal complexes thereof. The porphycene compounds and pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds are useful in photodynamic therapy treatment of tumors and psoriasis.

    摘要翻译: 具有结构的卟菲烯,其中每个R 1独立地为(a) - (CH 2)n -X,其中n = 1-4,X为OR 2,R 2为C 1-6烷基,芳烷基或芳基; CN; 哦; OSO2R2; NH2; NHR2; NR22; SH; SR2; S(O)1-2R2; COOH; CO2R2; C(O)NH 2; C(O)NHR 2; C(O)NR22; 卤素; 或CHO; (b) - (CH 2)m CH = CH 2,其中m是0-2; 或(c) - (CH 2)n -O-G,其中G是单糖或寡糖; (d) - (CH2)2n-X,其中X是氨基酸,通过醚 - ,酯 - 或胺键共价结合的寡肽或-Y-(CH 2)n - 卟吩二(卟吩2是相同的化合物) 结构,Y是直接键; -O-;或-CH = CH 2); 或(e)其中一个,两个或三个取代基R 1为C 1-6烷基或芳基,其余取代基如上述(a) - (d)所述,及其盐和金属络合物。 含有这些化合物的卟吩化合物和药物组合物可用于肿瘤和牛皮癣的光动力疗法治疗。

    Production of foamed gypsum moldings
    56.
    发明授权
    Production of foamed gypsum moldings 失效
    生产泡沫石膏模制品

    公开(公告)号:US4043825A

    公开(公告)日:1977-08-23

    申请号:US604868

    申请日:1975-08-14

    IPC分类号: C04B38/02 C04B28/14 C04B11/00

    CPC分类号: C04B28/14

    摘要: In the production of a gypsum-based porous body of high strength by foaming a gypsum-water mixture containing alkali, hydrogen peroxide and a decomposition catalyst therefor, the improvement which comprises including in said mixture an acid-reacting compound with active hydrogen atoms in a quantity insufficient for complete neutralization of the alkali. The alkali is preferably calcium and/or magnesium oxide and/or hydroxide and the preferred acid-reacting compounds are phosphates and/or sulfates, especially potassium hydrogen phosphates. The acid-reacting compound is employed in an amount sufficient to neutralize about 5 to 50% of the alkali, the final pH being about 12 to 12.5.

    摘要翻译: 在通过使包含碱,过氧化氢及其分解催化剂的石膏 - 水混合物发泡的高强度石膏基多孔体的制​​造中,包括在所述混合物中包含酸反应化合物与活性氢原子的改进 数量不足以完全中和碱。 碱优选是钙和/或氧化镁和/或氢氧化物,优选的酸反应化合物是磷酸盐和/或硫酸盐,特别是磷酸氢钾。 酸反应化合物的用量足以中和碱的约5至50%,最终pH为约12至12.5。

    SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR A PUMPING TORQUE ESTIMATION MODEL FOR ALL AIR INDUCTION CONFIGURATIONS
    60.
    发明申请
    SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR A PUMPING TORQUE ESTIMATION MODEL FOR ALL AIR INDUCTION CONFIGURATIONS 失效
    用于所有空气感应配置的泵送扭矩估计模型的系统和方法

    公开(公告)号:US20090018748A1

    公开(公告)日:2009-01-15

    申请号:US11948271

    申请日:2007-11-30

    申请人: Martin Muller

    发明人: Martin Muller

    IPC分类号: F02D45/00

    摘要: A system and method for controlling an engine involves providing a pumping torque estimation model. The model distinguishes between pumping losses due to throttling and pumping losses due to valve flow losses. The model is implemented by a pair of look-up tables. The data in each look-up table reflect Pumping Mean Effective Pressure (PMEP), which is indicative of the pumping work. The throttling loss table provides a first contribution based on an engine delta pressure. The valve flow loss table provides a second contribution based on an engine speed and a relative airload. The first and second contributions are summed and then multiplied by a predetermined factor to convert the pumping work (PMEP) into pumping torque. The model will work with naturally-aspirated, turbo-charged and super-charged air induction configurations and provides improved altitude compensation. The model will also work with both spark-ignition and compression-ignition configurations.

    摘要翻译: 用于控制发动机的系统和方法包括提供泵送扭矩估计模型。 该模型区分由于节流引起的泵送损耗和由于阀流量损失引起的泵送损耗。 该模型由一对查找表实现。 每个查找表中的数据反映了泵送平均有效压力(PMEP),这表示泵送工作。 节流损失表基于发动机三角形压力提供第一贡献。 阀流量损失表根据发动机转速和相对空气负荷提供第二个贡献。 将第一和第二贡献相加并乘以预定的因子以将泵送功(PMEP)转换成泵送扭矩。 该型号将采用自然吸气,涡轮增压和超充电空气感应配置,并提供更高的高度补偿。 该型号还可用于火花点火和压缩点火配置。