Abstract:
A ferroelectric liquid crystal display having a matrix of ferroelectric liquid crystal elements and nonlinear elements having a diode characteristic in which the liquid crystal elements are connected in series with the nonlinear elements. The first substrate member comprises (a) a transparent first substrate having an insulating surface, (b) a plurality of m.times.n (m>1, n>1) of rectangular transparent conductive layers C.sub.11 to C.sub.1n, C.sub.21 to C.sub.2n, . . . C.sub.m1 to C.sub.mn arranged on the substrate in a matrix form on the first substrate, (c) a layer member A.sub.ij formed on the conductive layer C.sub.ij (where i=1, 2 . . . m and j=1, 2 . . . n) and (d) a stripe-like conductive layer F.sub.i extending in the row direction and making contact with layer member A.sub.i1 to A.sub.in on the side opposite from the conductive layer C.sub.i1 to C.sub.in, wherein the opposing side surfaces a and a' of the layer member A.sub.ij defining is length are substantially aligned with the opposing side surfaces b and b' of the conductive layer C.sub.ij defining its width, respectively, and wherein the opposing side surface b and b' of the layer member A.sub.ij defining its width are substantially aligned with the opposing side surfaces b and b' of the conductive layer F.sub.i defining its width, respectively. The layer member A.sub.ij may be a laminate layer of a first nontransparent conductive layer, non-single-crystal semiconductor layer member or thin insulating layer which permits passage therethrough of tunnel current and a second nontransparent conductive layer.
Abstract:
A generation control apparatus for vehicles comprises a voltage regulator circuit for controlling the generation of power by a vehicle generator. The power is supplied to the voltage regulator circuit through a first circuit including an ignition switch and a second circuit not including the ignition switch. The supply of power through the second circuit is dependent upon the generating condition of the generator thus allowing the control of the power generation by means of the current flowing through a charge indicator even if the detection of the power generation is prevented. In this way, even if a fault such as a break occurs in the first circuit, the generating operation is maintained until the engine is turned off and the generator has stopped.
Abstract:
A power source system, which comprises a converter for converting AC power on an AC bus into DC power, a damped filter connected between the AC bus and ground and including a capacitor and an inductor, a diode-rectifying circuit for taking out and rectifying fundamental and harmonic waves produced across the inductor in the damped filter and a circuit for connecting a DC output circuit in the diode-rectifying circuit in series with a DC output circuit in said converter, and in which the rectified output is regeneratively added to the output of the converter.
Abstract:
An electro-optical device comprising a display drive system with the display timing related to the unit time t for writing-in a picture element and to the time F for writing-in one picture is disclosed. In the device, a gradated display corresponding to the ratio of the division can be obtained by time-sharing the signal during a write-in of time t without changing the time F.
Abstract:
An insulated gate field effect semiconductor device comprising a substrate having provided thereon a thin-film structured insulated gate field effect semiconductor device, said device being characterized by that it comprises a metal gate electrode and at least the side thereof is coated with an oxide of the metal. The insulated gate field effect semiconductor device according to the present invention is also characterized by that the contact holes for the extracting contacts of the source and drain regions are provided at about the same position of the end face of the anodically oxidized film established at the side of the gate. Furthermore, the present invention provides a method for forming insulated gate field effect semiconductor devices using less masks.
Abstract:
A novel structure of an active electro-optical device is disclosed. The device is provided with complementary thin film insulated gate field affect transistors (TFTs) therein which comprise a P-TFT and an N-TFT. P-TFT and N-TFT are connected to a common signal line by the gate electrodes thereof, while the source (or drain) electrodes thereof are connected to a common signal line as well as to one of the picture element electrodes.In case of driving the active electro-optical device, a gradation display can be carried out in a driving method having a display timing determined in relation to a time F for writing one screen and a time (t) for writing in one picture element, by applying a reference signal in a cycle of the time (t), to the signal line used for a certain picture element driving selection, and by applying the select signal to the other signal line at a certain timing within the time (t), and whereby setting the value of the voltage to be applied to a liquid crystal.
Abstract:
A novel structure of an active display device is disclosed. The device is characterized as having at least one display device comprising a substrate having an insulated surface with at least one thin film transistor (TFT) formed over the substrate and a gate insulating film and gate electrode adjacent to the channel region, with the gate insulating layer interposed between the gate electrode and the channel region. In one embodiment, an interlayer insulating film covers the TFT and an aluminum lead electrode is formed over the interlayer insulating layer that is electrically connected to one of the source or drain regions of the TFT through a hole of the interlayer insulating film. In another embodiment of the invention the first and second holes of the interlayer insulating layer do not overlap. In a preferred embodiment, an organic resin film, with a pixel electrode form thereover, is formed over the thin film transistor, the interlayer insulating film and the lead electrode is provide a leveled upper surface. The pixel electrode is electrically connected to the TFT via the lead electrode. The present invention is applicable with any device with a display, such as a television or a personal computer.
Abstract:
An electro-optical device comprising a display drive system with the display timing related to the unit time t for writing-in a picture element and to the time F for writing-in one picture is disclosed. In the device, a gradated display corresponding to the ratio of the division can be obtained by time-sharing the signal during a write-in of time t without changing the time F.
Abstract:
A display and a driving method for the same capable of constructing clear visual images is described. In the display, a plurality of conductive pads are opposed to a back electrode with a light influencing medium such as a liquid crystal layer. Control signals are supplied to the conductive pads through complimentary transistors comprise a p-channel field effect transistor and an n-channel field effect transistor connected between VDD and VSS lines of a control circuit, which also supplies a bias voltage to the back electrode and gate control signals to the gate terminals of the p-channel field effect transistor and the n-channel field effect transistor. During operation, the bias voltage is inverted in order to invert the polarity of control signal applied across the light influencing medium.
Abstract:
An electro-optical device and a method for displaying an image are disclosed. A clear image with a clear profile can be displayed therein by processing input image data, for example input image data of TV broadcasting received by the device.