摘要:
In order to avoid measurement signal drift, a gas sensor has a gas sensitive layer which is provided on its upper side with a measuring electrode structure and on its lower side with an electrically conductive layer.
摘要:
The invention relates to an injection valve which has a piezo actuator that is functionally connected to a nozzle needle by a hydraulic transmission device. The hydraulic transmission device is connected to a pressure reservoir by a sealing gap so that the pressure differences between the pressure reservoir and a hydraulic chamber of the hydraulic transmission device are compensated in the long term.
摘要:
A gas sensor based on a field effect transistor (“FET”) evaluates both a change in work function of a gas-sensitive layer of the FET and a change in the capacitance of the layer. Thus, two physically independent signals are read from the gas-sensitive layer, each signal representing a sensitivity to a different gas. This reduces the effect of cross-sensitivities; that is, of one gas on the target gas. The underlying physical mechanisms, the first causing a change in the work function in a reaction with gases and the second causing a change in the capacitance of the sensitive layer, are widely different. Because of this, the two parameters demonstrate different gas sensitivities. If the reactions to both gases are known, the effect of the interfering gas on the sensor signal can be compensated for, and with this the concentration of the target gas can be determined.
摘要:
A hydrogen sensor employs a hydrogen-sensitive semiconductor layer that is applied to a carrier substrate. The hydrogen-sensitive semiconductor layer includes a first and second semiconductor layers that consist of strontium titanate so as to compensate for temperature fluctuations in the hydrogen-sensitive semiconductor layer. The first and second semiconductor layers include a respective and different electrical conductivity.
摘要:
A device and method for dosing fluid has a housing enclosing a lifting element and a primary drive hydraulically operable on the lifting element via a hydraulic chamber. The lifting element is disposed within a borehole with a leakage permitting fit. A fluid chamber in communication with the borehole contains a fluid to be dispensed in a dosed manner by controlled axial movement of the primary drive and lifting element.
摘要:
An easily controllable primary drive (5) guided in a first bore (3), for example a piezo actuator, transmits its stroke by a piston-hydraulic stroke transmission with a hydraulic chamber (2) onto a stroke element (70) of the secondary side guided in a second bore (4). The pressure in a valve chamber (9) is controlled via the stroke element (7) of the secondary side.
摘要:
Drive elements whose physical volume is considerably smaller than piezoelectric actuators for comparable mechanical characteristics and actuation travels can be developed on the basis of the magnetostrictive material Tb.sub.x Dy.sub.1-x Fe.sub.2 (Terfenol). Despite these characteristics, magnetostrictive actuators have until now been used only where no rapid switching processes or actuation movements are required. An actuator of compact construction responds to an electrical drive signal very quickly and can produce large actuation forces. The actuator typically contains N.apprxeq.100 drive elements (1, 1') which are arranged one above the other in the form of a stack, are each of layered construction, and are provided with electrical connections. The drive elements (1, 1') each have a small metal plate (4, 4'), which is arranged between two insulators (2, 2', 3, 3'), and an actuator element (5, 5') which is manufactured from Terfenol. When current flows through it, the small metal plate (4, 4'), which is slotted in a U-shape, acts as a planar annular coil whose magnetic field passes through the actuator element (5, 5') and causes magnetostriction there.
摘要:
A rapid temperature sensor formed of a metal from the platinum group is provided. The rapid temperature sensor includes a substrate over which a platinum resistive layer is provided. A double layer, forming a passivation layer, is provided over the platinum resistive layer to prevent oxidation. The double layer includes a ceramic layer and a glass layer. The double layer prevents oxygen from reaching the platinum resistive layer even at temperatures up to 1,000.degree. C.
摘要:
A fuel injection nozzle for a combustion engine not only has a valve for alternately opening and closing the nozzle, but also has a part which undergoes alternating stroke movement, either longitudinally or transversely. The alternating stroke movement changes the opening angle of the nozzle opening. The alternating stroke movement is in a frequency range of approximately 5 to 20 kiloHertz.
摘要:
A pyrodetector, which is both movement selective and directional selective, has preferably a foil supporting detector elements relative to a concave mirror which may have a spherical curve surface, a spherical-parabolic curve surface or a curve surface between a spherical surface and a spherical-parabolic surface. The sensor is preferably a plurality of individual sensor elements which are arranged on an arc, preferably on a planar member or a foil, and may include additional or second sensor elements having electrodes which are for determining temperature compensation for the detector.