摘要:
The present invention relates to a novel process for preparing alkyl polycarboxylates from an aqueous solution of an ammonium salt of the polycarboxylic acid by reactive distillation, and to a process for hydrogenating the alkyl carboxylates prepared in this way.
摘要:
A method for operating an internal combustion engine, especially an internal combustion engine that is operable, at least in a part-load range, in an operating mode with auto-ignition, in which, at an abrupt change in load and/or at a changeover between an operating mode with auto-ignition and an operating mode without auto-ignition, a parameter of the combustion process correlating with the combustion noise is adapted stepwise over a plurality of combustion cycles from a first parameter value before the abrupt change in load or the changeover to a second parameter value after the abrupt change in load or the changeover, by influencing a combustion position of the combustion process.
摘要:
A hemming device (2) and a hemming method are provided in which the hemming device (2) has a hemming bed (14) for a workpiece (3) and multiple hemming robots (8, 9) with hemming tools (20). The hemming device (2) is designed to hem inner and outer lock seams (5, 6) on both sides of the workpiece (3). The hemming robots (8, 9) lie on different sides of the hemming bed (14), and the hemming bed (14) is further designed and arranged for accessing inner and outer lock seams (5, 6) on both sides of the workpiece (3) from front and rear sides (15, 16). For this purpose, the hemming bed can have a section (19) for a rearward access to an inner lock seam (5) and a bedding for inner and outer lock seams (5, 6).
摘要:
A method for recognizing uncontrolled combustions in an internal combustion engine which occur independently of the ignition by a spark plug. The pressure oscillations in the combustion chamber triggered by the combustion are detected and evaluated. To allow identification at any time of an uncontrolled combustion prior to ignition by the spark plug and/or prior to the normal combustion initiation for a given ignition point, the rotational speed of a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine which is influenced by the pressure oscillations, is evaluated.
摘要:
A coating composition for coating at least one contact surface of a component is disclosed as well as methods of coating the component with the coating composition. The component may be, for example, an interior trim part for interiors of motor vehicles. The contact surface contacts at least one other component and on which relative movement occurs. The coating may be a wear-resistant and/or a low-friction coating. The coating may be formed on the component from a paint composition and a hardener composition. When the coating is dry, the coating may have a dried layer thickness of between about 25 micrometers and about 100 micrometers.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a method for producing an electromechanical, for example piezoelectric, transducer in which a first polymer layer comprising cutouts is applied to a first continuous polymer layer by means of a printing and/or coating method, a cover is applied to the first polymer layer comprising cutouts in such a way that the cutouts of the first polymer layer comprising cutouts are closed off with the formation of cavities, and the cover is connected to the first polymer layer comprising cutouts. The invention also relates to electromechanical transducers produced by the method according to the invention, and the use of said electromechanical transducers.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a process for preparing low-viscosity reaction products of polyisocyanates containing activated, ethylenically unsaturated groups which react, with polymerization, on exposure to actinic radiation.
摘要:
A method is described for controlling a compression-ignition internal combustion engine, including predefining a setpoint combustion point for a compression-ignition internal combustion engine, predefining a calculation model for calculating a probable deviation of a future cycle of the engine from the predefined setpoint combustion point while taking an ascertained actual combustion point of a completed cycle engine into consideration, predefining a mean deviation for the engine, operating the engine for a first cycle and ascertaining an actual combustion point of the first cycle, calculating a probable deviation of a second cycle, which occurs after the first cycle, of the engine from the predefined setpoint combustion point, comparing the calculated probable deviation of the second cycle to the predefined mean deviation, and ascertaining at least one operating variable for operating the engine at least during the second cycle as a function of the comparison. Also described is a related method.
摘要:
The procedure and device of the present disclosure enable an accurate determination of the composition of the fuel mixture at a self-igniting combustion engine on the basis of present sensor signals. The procedure and device of the present disclosure furthermore enable the detection and compensation of a combustion that is unstable due to the composition of the fuel mixture.
摘要:
A process for preparing binders containing allophanate groups which contain, at the oxygen atom of the allophanate group that is bonded via two single bonds, organic radicals with activated groups capable of participating in a polymerization reaction with ethylenically unsaturated compounds on exposure to actinic radiation; the process includes reacting A) one or more compounds containing uretdione groups with B) one or more OH-functional compounds which contain groups capable of participating in a polymerization reaction with ethylenically unsaturated compounds on exposure to actinic radiation, and C) optionally further NCO-reactive compounds, and D) in the presence of one or more compounds containing phenoxide groups, as catalysts. The binders can be used in preparing coatings, coating materials, coating compositions, adhesives, printing inks, casting resins, dental compounds, sizes, photoresists, stereolithography systems, resins for composite materials and sealants.