摘要:
The present invention relates to a polymer-supported rhodium (II) catalyst and its application, which includes addition reaction to carbon-carbon multiple bond in α-diazocarbonyl compounds, insertion reaction to C—H and X—H (X═N, O, S, Se, Si and the like) bonds, or rearrangement and additional cyclization reaction thereofA novel insoluble polymer-supported rhodium (II) complex was prepared through a ligand exchange reaction between an insoluble polymer and a rhodium (II) carboxylato complex, wherein the insoluble polymer was prepared by a copolymerization reaction of (i) a styrene derivative with substituted carboxylic acid, (ii) a stylene, and (iii) a linear alkane with both ends substituted by vinylbenzyloxy groups,Namely, a polymer-supported metal complex catalyst having the following chemical formula 1: wherein M1 and M2 are rhodium, and the like; and X is an oxygen atom, etc; and R4 is an alkyl group, and the like; and k is 1 to 15%, m is 1 to 5% relative to k+l+m, and l is the remainder; and n is 4 and others; and R1 is alkyl-2-(4′-alkyloxy phthalimido methyl), etc, R2 is phenyl, etc; R3 is 4,4′-(1,3-propyrene-1,3-dioxymethyl)phenyl, etc.
摘要:
A charging member, which can be provided in a process cartridge and/or in an image forming apparatus, includes a conductive supporting member, an electrical resistance control layer formed on an outer circumferential surface of the conductive supporting member, and a nonconductive gap retaining member configured to retain a gap between the conductive supporting member and an image carrying member closely disposed to each other to have a constant distance. At least a portion of the nonconductive gap retaining member is mounted on the electrical resistance control layer at both ends of the conductive supporting member, and a circumference of the nonconductive gap retaining member projects from the electrical resistance control layer. An amount of projection of the gap retaining member from the electrical resistance control layer decreases as the gap retaining member tapers in a direction toward a center of an image formation region.
摘要:
A reflection type liquid crystal projector is provided which includes liquid crystal display panels (5R, 5G and 5B) to modulate color rays of light (R, G and B) corresponding to three primary colors (red, green and blue), respectively, on the basis of video data and a synthesizing prism (6) to synthesize the color rays of light (R, G and B) modulated by the liquid crystal display panels (5R, 5G and 5B) into one image. The liquid crystal display panel (5G) which provides an image inverted in relation to those provided by the liquid crystal display panels (5R and 5B) is aligned in a direction (X2) different from those (X1) in which the liquid crystal display panels (5R and 5B) are aligned, so that the alignment directions (X1 and X2) of the liquid crystal display panels (5R, 5G and 5B) will be coincident with each other in an image displayed on a screen (S). Thus, color staining can be prevented from taking place on the image resulted from synthesis of the color rays of light modulated by the liquid crystal display panels (5R, 5G and 5B).
摘要:
A superior reflex type vertically-aligned liquid crystal display device wherein the refractive index anisotropy Δn of its liquid crystal material is controlled to be more than 0.1, and the transmissivity of the liquid crystal is saturated with facility at a low voltage below 5 to 6V despite a reduction of the thickness of the vertically-aligned liquid crystal layer to less than 2 μm, hence achieving satisfactory driving at a practically low voltage while attaining another advantage of remarkable improvement in the transmissivity itself. Therefore, the display device indicates a sufficient transmissivity, an excellent low-voltage driving characteristic and a fast response. Further improvements are realizable in a display apparatus, a projection optical system and a projection display system by the use of such display device.
摘要:
In a reflective liquid crystal display device according to the invention, while maintaining alignment characteristics by an obliquely evaporated alignment film, an electrical problem due to the film structure can be solved, and ions of the like can be prevented from passing through an alignment film, thereby long-term drive reliability can be achieved. Further, misalignment and nonuniform alignment due to the structure of an inter-pixel groove can be prevented so as to achieve superior image quality.
摘要:
A method and an apparatus of controlling a charge voltage including the steps of applying, charging, detecting, and determining. The applying step applies an application voltage having a direct-current voltage and an alternating-current voltage superimposed onto the direct-current voltage to a charge-applying member to charge a charge carrier. The changing step charges the alternating-current voltage of the application voltage. The detecting step detects an alternating current flowing through the charge carrier when the charge-applying member applies the application voltage to the charge carrier. The determining step determines a value of the alternating-current voltage of the application voltage based on at least two alternating currents detected by the alternating-current detector.
摘要:
A high strength steel sheet having (2-1) a base phase structure, the base phase structure being tempered martensite or tempered bainite and accounting for 50% or more in terms of a space factor relative to the whole structure, or the base phase structure comprising tempered martensite or tempered bainite which accounts for 15% or more in terms of a space factor relative to the whole structure and further comprising ferrite, the tempered martensite or the tempered bainite having a hardness which satisfies the relation of Vickers hardness (Hv)≧500[C]+30[Si]+3[Mn]+50 where [ ] represents the content (mass %) of each element, and (2-2) a second phase structure comprising retained austenite which accounts for 3 to 30% in terms of a space factor relative to the whole structure and optionally further comprising bainite and/or martensite, the retained austenite having a C concentration (CγR) of 0.8% or more.
摘要:
Provided are a manufacturing method which can efficiently manufacture a display device with higher image quality, and a manufacturing apparatus which can be applied to the manufacturing method. Position adjustment is carried out so that a seal pattern (4) formed on at least one of a bottom substrate (2) and a top substrate (7) and having a shape along an outer edge of each of a plurality of display panels (1) coincides with a projected portion pattern (27) (29) formed on at least one of a pair of parallel surfaces (19S) (20S) in a bottom surface plate (19) and a top surface plate (20) and having a planar shape corresponding to the seal pattern (4), and pressure is applied to the bottom substrate (2) and the top substrate (7) in a Z direction by the bottom surface plate (19) and the top surface plate (20). Therefore, a gap between the bottom substrate (2) and the top substrate (7) in an effective screen area (3) can be formed more uniformly, and a display device with higher image quality can be efficiently manufactured.
摘要:
A display device having extremely short writing time to a pixel such as the liquid crystal display device of a dot sequential drive method using a single-crystal silicon transistor as a switching element is provided in which in the case where a display area is divided into two or more areas, the degradation of picture quality is prevented to perform a high definition display. In a display device of a matrix drive method in which gate lines X in the row direction and data lines Y in the column direction are arranged in matrix shape and a pixel P is arranged at the intersection of the gate line and the data line, a display area is divided into two or more areas 1A and 1B which are driven independently from each other; wiring layout of signal lines 8A and 8B which transfer display data d to each of the areas 1A and 1B is approximately symmetrical with a division boundary line of those areas positioned in between; and control unit 12 which makes a control to perform writing of the display data at least to the pixels P next to each other with the division boundary line positioned in between at approximately the same timing.
摘要:
To provide a high-strength cold rolled steel sheet that has well-balanced tensile strength and elongation as well as well-balanced tensile strength and stretch-flangeability, and a plated steel sheet manufactured by plating the steel sheet. The high-strength cold rolled steel sheet contains: 0.10 to 0.28% of C, 1.0 to 2.0% of Si, 1.0 to 3.0% of Mn, and 0.03 to 0.10% of Nb in terms of % by mass, wherein the content of Al is controlled to 0.5 or less, the content of P is controlled to 0.15% or less, and the content of S is controlled to 0.02% or less, and wherein residual austenite accounts for 5 to 20%, bainitic ferrite accounts for 50% or more, and polygonal ferrite accounts for 30% or less (containing 0%), of the entire structure, and wherein a mean number of residual austenite blocks is 20 or more as determined when the random area (15 μm×15 μμm) is observed by EBSP (electron back scatter diffraction pattern).