摘要:
A router system includes a group of virtual routers that share at least one resource. The router system further includes a resource allocator that controls access to the at least one resource by the virtual routers.
摘要:
Multiple ionization ion sources and multiple mass analyzers are combined into one mass spectrometer instrument by a six-electrodes ion trap or an array of six-electrodes ion traps. The six-electrodes ion trap can be operated as an independent two-dimensional ion guide or linear ion tap in an arbitrarily selected direction among three orthogonal XYZ directions. The two-dimensional ion guide/linear ion trap can be alternated from one direction to another among the three orthogonal directions electrically. A six-electrodes ion trap generates six equivalent importing and exporting interfaces, each of the interfaces can be used to trap external ions and transfer the trapped ions to any of the other five interfaces. The six-electrodes ion trap provide a mass spectrometer with versatility, multiply functions, high duty-cycles and high sample throughput.
摘要:
An ion trap comprises a three-dimensional rotationally symmetric ring electrode and two cap electrodes, the ring electrode is divided, in parallel to its central axis, into a plurality of even number, equal or larger than four, of component electrodes. The component electrodes are electrically isolated from each other, the surfaces of the two cap electrodes face toward the inside of the ion trap. A mechanism is constructed and arranged for switching the ion trap to operate between a three-dimensional quadrupole ion trap mode and a two-dimensional linear ion trap mode.
摘要:
An electrochemical cell comprising an electrolyte, a first electrode, and a second electrode, wherein at least one of the first and second electrodes comprises a current collecting substrate, and an electrode active material associated with at least a portion of the current collecting substrate, wherein the electrode active material is at least partially dispersed within an ionomer binder of Li-AMPS.
摘要:
A method of fabricating a field effect transistor including doping a continuous blanket layer in a semiconductor substrate structure adjacent the surface to include a source area and a drain area spaced from the source area. A high dielectric constant insulator layer is positioned on the surface of the semiconductor substrate structure overlying the continuous blanket layer to define a gate area between the source and drain areas. A gate contact on the insulator layer is selected to provide a work function difference that depletes the doped layer beneath the insulator layer. Further, the doped layer depth and dosage are designed such that the doped layer is depleted beneath the insulator layer by the selected work function difference of the gate contact and the semiconductor substrate.
摘要:
A high power heterojunction field effect transistor comprising a first barrier layer including a semiconductor material having a band gap, a second barrier layer including a semiconductor material having a band gap, a channel layer including a semiconductor material having a band gap narrower than the band gaps of the material included in the first barrier layer and the second barrier layer and sandwiched therebetween and an interface layer sandwiched between the channel layer and the first barrier layer.
摘要:
The invention relates to methods and devices for the effective introduction of ions, which are stored in an RF ion guide into a quadrupole ion trap. The invention consists of arranging a switchable ion lens between the RF ion guide and the quadrupole ion trap, and introducing the ions into the quadrupole ion trap by a suitable connection of the ion lens only during the filling period, while otherwise the ions are reflected back into the RF ion guide. The filling period can be divided up and limited to the capture intervals of the quadrupole ion trap during each RF period. Measurement of the filling rate can be made by switching open the ion lens longer then the admission interval of the quadrupole ion trap, and measuring the flow of the ions passing through on the detector.
摘要:
An ion trap is provided in which higher multipole field fractions can be switched on and off and, in addition, can be electrically tuned. Specifically, the electrodes of an ideally shaped ion trap are divided into rotationally symmetrical component electrodes positioned facing the interior of the ion trap on a hyperboloidal surface with rotationally symmetry.
摘要:
An exact three-dimensional rotationally symmetric quadrupole field or an electric field of higher multipole moments can be generated by closed boundaries with continuously varied potential, especially with linearly variable potential, in the ideal case by simple cone-shaped boundaries with linearly variable potential. An example for the application of the field is storage of charged particles inside the closed boundaries. Within the same cone-shaped boundaries, a homogeneous ideal field in the direction of the symmetry axis can be superimposed. This field can be employed for excitation of the kinetic energy, for quenching, or for energy analysis of the stored charged particles. For the generation of mass spectra the mass-to-charge specific fundamental frequencies of the charged particles stored in the electrode structure are excited. The image currents induced in the electrode structure are frequency analysed (e.g. by Fourier transform).