公开(公告)号：US5081968A

公开(公告)日：1992-01-21

申请号：US734469

申请日：1991-07-23

Applicant: Ludovico Bruni

Inventor： Ludovico Bruni

IPC: F01P3/08 ,  F02B23/06 ,  F02F3/00 ,  F02F3/22 ,  F16J1/08 ,  F16J1/09

CPC classification number: F02F3/0023 ,  F02B23/0672 ,  F02F3/22 ,  F16J1/08 ,  F02F2003/0061 ,  F05C2201/0448 ,  Y02T10/125

Abstract: A piston for an internal combustion engine is described, the piston having a lower crown portion and an upper crown portion, the upper crown portion including a combustion bowl and a piston ring-groove belt of generally annular form depending from the outer periphery of the crown surface, the lower crown portion comprising a generally circular plate member having an upstanding ring on the upper surface thereof, the upper crown portion and the lower crown portion being joined together by retention means between the combustion bowl and the upstanding ring, and between co-operating spigot and socket means formed on the base of the combustion bowl and on the plate member, to prevent withdrawal by axial forces, and there being an oil cooling gallery defined between the upper crown portion and the lower crown portion.

公开(公告)号：US5081967A

公开(公告)日：1992-01-21

申请号：US694415

申请日：1991-05-01

Applicant: Peter Kemnitz ,  Emil Ripberger

Inventor： Peter Kemnitz ,  Emil Ripberger

IPC: F02B3/06 ,  F02B23/06 ,  F02F3/00 ,  F02F3/22 ,  F16J1/14

CPC classification number: F02B23/0696 ,  F02F3/0069 ,  F02F3/22 ,  F16J1/14 ,  F02B3/06 ,  F02F2200/04 ,  F05C2201/021 ,  F05C2201/0448 ,  Y02T10/125

Abstract: A piston for an internal combustion engine with a separate head and skirt which are joined by a piston pin. The ring belt extends downward from the head and terminates above the pin. The space between the lower edge of the ring belt and a section of the head defines a cooling oil ring space. A depression is formed in the head and is partly defined by the section. The section has a thickness of between four percent and seven percent of the piston diameter, corresponding to an angle of zero to sixty degrees of the section with respect to a vertical longitudinally extending line. The thickness of the head above the space is six percent to twelve percent of the piston diameter. The top of the space is below the top ring groove. Above the second ring groove, the ring belt has a thickness of greater than two and one-half percent of the piston diameter.

Abstract translation: 一种用于内燃机的活塞，其具有由活塞销连接的单独头部和裙部。 环带从头部向下延伸并终止在销的上方。 环带的下边缘和头部的一部分之间的空间限定了冷却油环空间。 在头部形成凹陷，并且部分地由该部分限定。 该部分具有活塞直径的4％至7％之间的厚度，对应于该部分相对于垂直纵向延伸线的零度至60度的角度。 在空间上方的头部的厚度为活塞直径的6％至12％。 空间顶部位于顶部环槽下方。 在第二环形槽的上方，环形带的厚度大于活塞直径的2.5％。

公开(公告)号：US5029562A

公开(公告)日：1991-07-09

申请号：US446148

申请日：1989-12-05

Applicant: Roy Kamo

Inventor： Roy Kamo

IPC: F02F3/00 ,  F16J1/02 ,  F16J1/08 ,  F16N15/00

CPC classification number: F16N15/00 ,  F02F3/0023 ,  F16J1/02 ,  F16J1/08 ,  F05C2201/0448 ,  F05C2203/0882

Abstract: Piston has upper and lower portions. The upper portion includes a cylinder engaging surface, such as a piston ring, comprised of solid lubricant. The lower portion includes a cylinder engaging surface comprised of liquid lubricant control means. The distance between the upper and lower cylinder engaging surfaces is sufficient to provide a temperature differential of at least 316.degree. C. (600.degree. F.) between the upper and lower portions during normal engine operations. This differential is adequate to maintain the temperature of the cylinder at the bottom ring reversal point at a temperature below the breakdown temperature of a liquid lubricant when the temperature of the cylinder liner at the top ring reversal point is at a temperature above the breakdown temperature of the liquid lubricant.

Abstract translation: 活塞有上下部分。 上部包括由固体润滑剂组成的气缸接合表面，例如活塞环。 下部包括由液体润滑剂控制装置构成的气缸接合表面。 上下缸接合表面之间的距离足以在正常的发动机操作期间在上部和下部之间提供至少316℃（600°F）的温差。 当气缸套在顶环反转点处的温度处于高于第一个回转点的击穿温度的温度时，该差速器足以将气缸的温度保持在低于液体润滑剂的击穿温度的温度的底部环反转点处 液体润滑剂。

公开(公告)号：US4987867A

公开(公告)日：1991-01-29

申请号：US431765

申请日：1989-11-06

Applicant: Yoshihiro Suzuki ,  Toshio Ogiwara ,  Masaaki Kudo

Inventor： Yoshihiro Suzuki ,  Toshio Ogiwara ,  Masaaki Kudo

IPC: F02B23/06 ,  F02F3/00 ,  F02F3/08 ,  F02F7/00 ,  F16J9/22

CPC classification number: F02F3/0015 ,  F02B23/0696 ,  F02F3/00 ,  F02F3/08 ,  F02F7/0085 ,  F16J9/22 ,  F05C2201/021 ,  F05C2201/0406 ,  F05C2201/0448 ,  Y02T10/125

Abstract: A piston for internal combustion engines has a piston-ring groove which is strengthened with a composite layer based on porous metal which is embedded around the piston-ring groove. The porous metal contains at least more than 10% Cr, and the volumetric ratio of the porous metal is between 8 to 70%, so that even though the engine is put in action under high heat loads, no crack is initiated in the piston.

公开(公告)号：US4976916A

公开(公告)日：1990-12-11

申请号：US357270

申请日：1989-05-26

Applicant: Soichi Shimomura

Inventor： Soichi Shimomura

IPC: B22F3/12 ,  B22F3/24 ,  B22F5/00 ,  C22C33/02 ,  F01C21/08

CPC classification number: F01C21/0809 ,  B22F3/12 ,  B22F3/24 ,  C22C33/0285 ,  F04C2230/22 ,  F04C2230/40 ,  F05B2230/22 ,  F05B2230/40 ,  F05B2280/10 ,  F05C2201/0448 ,  Y10T29/49323

Abstract: A method for producing a ferrous sintered alloy product available for a vane used in a rotary compressor. The method comprises the steps of preparing metal powder mixture primarily containing iron, compacting the powder mixture to obtain a powder compact, sintering the powder compact to obtain a sintered body, subjecting sub-zero treatment to the sintered body, and tempering the sintered body. The sintered alloy product is used as a vane slidably disposed in a vane groove of the rotary compressor whose cooling medium is maintainable without deterioration of its property.

公开(公告)号：US4920864A

公开(公告)日：1990-05-01

申请号：US338196

申请日：1989-04-14

Applicant: Thomas J. Skingle ,  Milton W. Toaz

Inventor： Thomas J. Skingle ,  Milton W. Toaz

IPC: F02F3/00 ,  B22D18/02 ,  B22D19/14 ,  C22C47/00 ,  C22C49/00 ,  C22C49/04 ,  C22C49/06 ,  C22C49/11 ,  F02F3/14 ,  F02F7/00 ,  F16J1/01

CPC classification number: F02F7/0087 ,  F02F3/14 ,  F05C2201/021 ,  F05C2201/0448 ,  F05C2203/0808 ,  F05C2203/0882 ,  F05C2251/042 ,  F05C2253/16

Abstract: A reinforced lightweight metal piston having fibers within the piston crown to reinforce the crown surface to improve the thermal properties and wear resistance of the crown surface. The reinforcing fibers are embedded in the piston metal using a pressure casting process used to manufacture the piston. The fibers are selected from the group of aluminum silicate, alumina, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, boron, boron carbide and graphite. The fibers can be orientated in the preform in several various directions. The wear resistance of the piston crown can be further increased by the addition of a ferrous heat plug. The fiber reinforced portion is located around the heat plug and provides improved physical and mechanical properties of the piston crown to reduce cracking of the crown around the heat plug and loosening of the heat plug due to metal creep.

Abstract translation: 一种加强的轻质金属活塞，其在活塞冠内部具有纤维，以加强冠面表面，以改善冠面表面的热性能和耐磨性。 使用用于制造活塞的压力铸造方法将增强纤维嵌入活塞金属中。 纤维选自硅酸铝，氧化铝，碳化硅，氮化硅，硼，碳化硼和石墨。 纤维可以在预成型件中在几个不同的方向上取向。 通过添加铁质热塞可以进一步提高活塞顶盖的耐磨性。 纤维增强部分位于热塞周围，并提供活塞冠的改进的物理和机械性能，以减少由于金属蠕变引起的热塞周围的冠部的开裂和热塞的松动。

公开(公告)号：US4918806A

公开(公告)日：1990-04-24

申请号：US310790

申请日：1989-02-14

Applicant: Ryuji Watanabe ,  Motohiko Kosano ,  Hirokazu Kawakami

Inventor： Ryuji Watanabe ,  Motohiko Kosano ,  Hirokazu Kawakami

IPC: B23P15/10 ,  C21D9/00 ,  C23C8/26 ,  F02F3/10 ,  F16J1/02 ,  F16J1/04

CPC classification number: F16J1/02 ,  B23P15/10 ,  C21D9/0068 ,  F02F3/10 ,  F02F2200/04 ,  F05C2201/021 ,  F05C2201/0448 ,  Y10T29/49263 ,  Y10T29/49986

Abstract: In a method for manufacturing a piston a metal piston is prepared which has a skirt tapered towards the bottom end to such an extent that a diameter of the metal piston becomes uniform after a heat treating step. The metal piston is heat treated in a gas containing nitrogen and carbon to form a nitride film layer on the outer surface of the piston and to transform the skirt.

Abstract translation: 在制造活塞的方法中，准备了金属活塞，其具有朝向底端渐缩的裙部，使得在热处理步骤之后金属活塞的直径变得均匀。 金属活塞在含有氮气和碳的气体中进行热处理，以在活塞的外表面上形成氮化物膜层并且改变裙部。

公开(公告)号：US4899957A

公开(公告)日：1990-02-13

申请号：US105848

申请日：1987-10-07

Applicant: Karl Eickmann

Inventor： Karl Eickmann

IPC: B64C11/28 ,  B64C27/04 ,  B64C27/12 ,  B64C29/00 ,  B64D31/14 ,  B64D35/00 ,  F02B75/02 ,  F03C1/24 ,  F04B1/20 ,  F16C21/00

CPC classification number: B64C27/52 ,  B64C11/28 ,  B64C27/04 ,  B64C27/12 ,  B64C29/00 ,  B64C29/0016 ,  B64D31/14 ,  B64D35/00 ,  F03C1/2415 ,  F04B1/20 ,  F04B1/2092 ,  F16C21/00 ,  B64C2700/6281 ,  F02B2075/025 ,  F02F2200/04 ,  F05C2201/0448 ,  F05C2201/046

Abstract: In a vehicle or device a fluid motor is employed to drive rotary members, such as wheels, propellers, tracks. The motor is provided with an arrangement which includes a control means and an axially moveable member. By utilizing the control means, for example, by a flow of fluid, the axially moveable member is used to apply an action, which is not common to the usual operation of fluid motors. The arrangement may be used to arrest the rotor of the motor from rotation when no pressure is in the driving fluid line. It may also be used to control the pitch of propellers with variable pitch arrangements. Also possible is to use the arrangement to automatically obtain an auto-rotation of rotor blades on vertical axes of vertically take off and landing vehicles, when the pressure in the fluid line to the motors for driving the motors drops below a predetermined minimum of pressure.The speciality of the preferred embodiment which is shown in FIGS. 18, 19, 24 to 26 and 34 to 37 consists in the provision of a tail propeller, a main lift propeller and a rate of power varying means in the transmission between the power plant and the mentioned propellers. Thereby the tail propeller acts as forward driving propeller, while the main lift propeller may act with vertical or slightly inclined axis or it may be stopped to rest. The vehicle can thereby fly as a helicpoter or selectively as a gyrocopter and as an aircraft flying on wings if the wing assembly is assembled to the vehicle.

Abstract translation: 在车辆或设备中，使用流体马达来驱动旋转构件，例如轮子，螺旋桨，轨道。 马达设置有包括控制装置和可轴向移动的构件的装置。 通过利用控制装置，例如通过流体流动，可轴向移动的构件用于施加动作，这对于流体马达的通常操作是不常见的。 当驱动流体管线中没有压力时，该装置可用于阻止马达的转子旋转。 它也可用于控制具有可变节距排列的螺旋桨的桨距。 还有可能的是，当驱动马达的流体管线中的压力下降到预定的最小压力以下时，使用该装置可自动获得垂直起降车辆的垂直轴上的转子叶片的自动旋转。 图1和图2所示的优选实施例的特征。 18,19,24至26和34至37条包括在发电厂和所述螺旋桨之间的传输中提供尾桨，主升力螺旋桨和动力变化装置的速率。 因此，尾螺旋桨作为前进驱动螺旋桨，而主提升螺旋桨可以垂直或稍微倾斜的轴线起作用，或者可以停止休息。 因此，如果机翼组件组装到车辆上，则车辆可以作为螺旋桨飞行，或者选择性地作为陀螺仪飞行器和作为飞行器的飞行器飞行。

公开(公告)号：US4890543A

公开(公告)日：1990-01-02

申请号：US93242

申请日：1987-09-04

Applicant: Masaaki Kudou ,  Tosio Ogiwara

Inventor： Masaaki Kudou ,  Tosio Ogiwara

IPC: B22D19/00 ,  B22D19/08 ,  F02F3/00 ,  F02F3/02 ,  F02F3/04

CPC classification number: F02F3/042 ,  F02F2200/06 ,  F05C2201/021 ,  F05C2201/0433 ,  F05C2201/0448 ,  Y10T29/49252 ,  Y10T29/49258 ,  Y10T29/49261 ,  Y10T29/49266

Abstract: A light metal piston for internal combustion engines has a pair of inserts on the inside of upper piston skirt made of a material of lower thermal expansion coefficient than that of the light metal, such as steel. Each insert has a pair of bands which are joined by a connecting portion of the insert in the region of the gudgeon pin boss. Each band extends circumferentially away from the gudgeon pin boss, so as to control thermal expansion of the piston skirt. A free end of each band are bent inwardly, so that the insert can be set firmly on the mold core of the piston during casting operation by snapping the bent portions of the insert into the grooves on the mold core.

Abstract translation: 用于内燃机的轻金属活塞在上活塞裙部的内侧具有一对插入件，该插入件由比诸如钢的轻金属的热膨胀系数低的材料制成。 每个插入件具有一对带，其通过插入件的连接部分连接在舵头凸台的区域中。 每个带沿圆周方向延伸离开舵头凸台，以便控制活塞裙的热膨胀。 每个带的自由端向内弯曲，使得通过将插入件的弯曲部分卡入模芯上的凹槽中，插入件可以在铸造操作期间牢固地设置在活塞的模芯上。

公开(公告)号：US4880330A

公开(公告)日：1989-11-14

申请号：US114274

申请日：1987-10-27

Applicant: Siegfried Mielke

Inventor： Siegfried Mielke

IPC: F16J1/16

CPC classification number: F16J1/16 ,  F05C2201/0448 ,  Y10T403/32861 ,  Y10T403/32877 ,  Y10T403/32967

Abstract: A piston rod for pistons of reciprocating piston machines is I-shaped in cross-section. In order to effect a reduction in weight that flange of the piston rod which is nearer to the connecting rod and is enbraced as by claws by the forked and hook-shaped end portion of the connecting rod has a smaller width than the flange which is nearer to the piston head.

Abstract translation: 往复活塞机活塞活塞杆的横截面为I形。 为了实现重量的减轻，连杆更靠近连杆的活塞杆的凸缘被爪的叉形和钩形端部带有爪，其宽度比较接近的凸缘的宽度小 到活塞头。