Abstract:
Disclosed is an energy-saving and eco-friendly filtration system which is capable of minimizing the amount of the energy required for the filtration, thereby remarkably reducing the cost of water treatment. The filtration system of the present invention comprises: a feed water tank for storing a feed water to be treated; a hollow fiber membrane module for filtering the feed water supplied from the feed water tank; and a filtrate tank for storing a filtrate produced by the hollow fiber membrane module, wherein the hollow fiber membrane module comprises a plurality of hollow fiber membranes for filtering the feed water, and the sum of head pressure of the feed water in the feed water tank and water pressure of the filtrate in accordance with siphon principle is higher than the threshold membrane pressure of the hollow fiber membranes.
Abstract:
Disclosed are a filtration apparatus having the advantages of conventional pressurized-type and submerged-type filtration apparatuses and a hollow fiber membrane module therefor. The filtration apparatus of the present invention comprises: a tank into which feed water is to be introduced, the tank comprising first and second inner step surfaces arranged opposite to each other; and a hollow fiber membrane module to be submerged in the feed water introduced in the tank, the hollow fiber membrane module comprising first and second headers and a hollow fiber membrane therebetween, wherein first and second ends of the first header are supported by the first and second inner step surfaces respectively.
Abstract:
A memory device includes a memory cell array including a plurality of memory blocks, each memory block including a plurality of memory cells, a plurality of word lines coupled to rows of the plurality of memory cells, a plurality of bit lines coupled to columns of the plurality of memory cells, and a control unit controlling an erase operation so that erase data is simultaneously written in the plurality of memory cells corresponding to an erase unit. A first erase mode may include a first erase unit and a first erase data pattern. A second erase mode may include a second erase unit and a second erase pattern. At least one of the first and second erase units and the first and second erase data patterns are different.
Abstract:
A method of operating a phase change random access memory (PRAM) device includes performing a program operation to store data in selected PRAM cells of the device, wherein the program operation comprises a plurality of sequential program loops. The method further comprises suspending the program operation in the middle of the program operation, and after suspending the program operation, resuming the program operation in response to a resume command.
Abstract:
A memory device includes a memory cell array including a plurality of memory blocks, each memory block including a plurality of memory cells, a plurality of word lines coupled to rows of the plurality of memory cells, a plurality of bit lines coupled to columns of the plurality of memory cells, and a control unit controlling an erase operation so that erase data is simultaneously written in the plurality of memory cells corresponding to an erase unit. A first erase mode may include a first erase unit and a first erase data pattern. A second erase mode may include a second erase unit and a second erase pattern. At least one of the first and second erase units and the first and second erase data patterns are different.
Abstract:
In one embodiment, the semiconductor device includes a non-volatile memory cell array, a write circuit configured to write to the non-volatile memory cell array, and a control circuit. The control circuit is configured to store at least one erase indicator. The erase indicator is associated with at least a portion of the non-volatile memory cell array and indicates a logic state. The control circuit is configured to control the write circuit to write the logic state indicated by the erase indicator in the non-volatile memory cell array during an erase operation of the associated portion of the non-volatile memory cell array.
Abstract:
A resistance variable memory device includes a resistance variable memory cell array, a data register that prefetches read data of the resistance variable memory cell array, a data output unit that receives the prefetched read data from the data register and outputs the received data, and a page mode setting unit that sets one of a first page mode and a second page mode as a page mode. In the first page mode, the data output unit sequentially reads the read data prefetched in the data register as page addresses are sequentially received, and in the second page mode, the data output unit sequentially reads the read data prefetched in the data register after a start page address among a plurality of page addresses has been received.
Abstract:
A semiconductor device according to example embodiments may be configured so that, when a read command for performing a read operation is input while a write operation is performed, and when a memory bank accessed by a write address during the write operation is the same as a memory bank accessed by a read address during the read operation, the semiconductor device may suspend the write operation automatically or in response to an internal signal until the read operation is finished and performs the write operation after the read operation is finished.
Abstract:
A phase change memory device performs a program operation by receiving program data to be programmed in selected memory cells, sensing read data already stored in the selected memory cells by detecting respective magnitudes of verify currents flowing through the selected memory cells when a verify read voltage is applied to the selected memory cells, determining whether the read data is identical to the program data, and upon determining that the program data for one or more of the selected memory cells is not identical to the corresponding read data, programming the one or more selected memory cells with the program data.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a method of driving a multi-level variable resistive memory device. A method of driving a multi-level variable resistive memory device includes supplying a write current to a variable resistive memory cell so as to change resistance of the variable resistive memory cell, verifying whether or not changed resistance enters a predetermined resistance window, the intended resistance window depending on the resistance of reference cells, and supplying a write current having an increased or decreased amount from the write current supplied most recently on the basis of the verification result so as to change resistance of the variable resistive memory cell.