Abstract:
A method is described for imaging, by means of projection radiation, a phaseshifting mask pattern on a substrate for the purpose of configuring device features in the substrate. By using a mask pattern comprising mask features constituted by a phase transition (22) and two sub-resolution assist features (40,41), arranged symmetrically with respect to the phase transition and having a mutual distance (p), device features having a wide variety of widths can be obtained by varying only the mutual distance.
Abstract:
The variable bitrate coding method according to the invention comprises an iterative process including a first analysis pass and a second prediction pass. The analysis pass allows for a picture coding of a sequence with a constant quantization stepsize (and quality) and the prediction pass allows for a matching of the stepsize to the wanted target bitrate. After some iterations, a last step allows for a finer adjustment of said stepsize with respect to said target bitrate.
Abstract:
A field-effect semiconductor device, for example a MOSFET of the trench-gate type, comprises side-by-side device cells at a surface (10a) of a semiconductor body (10), and at least one drain connection (41) that extends in a drain trench (40) from the body surface (10a) to an underlying drain region (14a). A channel-accommodating region (15) of the device extends laterally to the drain trench (40). The drain trench (40) extends through the thickness of the channel-accommodating region (15) to the underlying drain region (14a), and the drain connection (41) is separated from the channel-accommodating region (15) by an intermediate insulating layer (24) on side-walls of the drain trench (40). A compact cellular layout can be achieved, with a significant proportion of the total cellular layout area accommodating conduction channels (12). The configuration in a discrete device avoids a need to use a substrate conduction path and so advantageously reduces the ON resistance of the device.
Abstract:
A mobile cellular telephone (100) is disclosed comprising a communications transmitter (103) and receiver (102) arranged for two-way communication with a base station (BS), and a GPS receiver (105, 106) arranged to power up in response to direct interaction between a user and the mobile phone (100) after the telephone has been switched on. In particular, the GPS receiver (105, 106) may be arranged to power up in response to the user making a call to the emergency services. Recognition by the telephone of an emergency call being made may occur when the user enters the emergency call telephone number, or one or more, but not all of the digits of the emergency call telephone number.
Abstract:
The semiconductor device has a semiconductor body (1) having a field effect transistor (4) at a first surface (2) and a second gate (10) at a second surface (3). The second gate is present in a recess (11) in the semiconductor body (1) which is accurately aligned with a first gate (8) of the field effect transistor (4) on the first surface (2). The method of manufacturing the semiconductor device comprises the step of implanting ions into a semiconductor body (1) which has a first gate (8) on a first surface (2) and a silicon oxide layer (17) on a second surface (3). The implantation is done from the first surface (2) in a direction substantially perpendicular to that surface. The implantation has the effect that behind the first gate (8) an implanted region (18) is formed in the semiconductor body (1) and a circumferential implanted zone (19) in the silicon oxide layer (17). Silicon oxide is formed in the implanted region (18) by dopant-enhanced oxidation. The silicon oxide layer (17) and the silicon oxide in the region (18) are removed so as to form a recess (11), which is filled with second gate material (20) from which the second gate (10) is formed. The second gate is effective in suppressing short-channel effects.
Abstract:
In a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device comprising a semiconductor body (1) of a first conductivity type which is provided at a surface (2) with a transistor having a gate (28) insulated from a channel (13) provided at the surface (2) of the semiconductor body (1) by a gate dielectric (26), a structure is provided on the surface (2) comprising a dielectric layer (14) having a recess (16), which recess (16) is aligned to a source zone (11,9) and a drain zone (12,9) of a second conductivity type provided at the surface (2) of the semiconductor body (1) and has side walls (17) extending substantially perpendicularly to the surface (2) of the semiconductor body (1). In this recess (16), a double-layer (20) is applied consisting of a second sub-layer (19) on top of a first sub-layer (18), which second sub-layer (19) is removed over part of its thickness until the first sub-layer is exposed, which first sub-layer (18) is selectively etched with respect to the second sub-layer (19) and the side walls (17) of the recess (16) to a depth, thereby forming trenches (21) extending substantially perpendicularly to the surface (2) of the semiconductor body (1). Via these trenches (21) impurities of the first conductivity type are introduced into the semiconductor body (1), thereby forming pocket implants (22).
Abstract:
A communication system comprises a wireless local area network (LAN) formed by a plurality of spacially separated transceivers (TR, TRnull). Each of the transceivers has a transmitting section (10) for transmitting data by a combination of dual code spread spectrum techniques and a receiving section (12) for recovering the data. The receiving comprises a plurality of diversity antennas (ANT 1 to ANTn), an adaptive forward equal gain combiner (60) having a plurality of branches (62 to 74 and 62null to 74null), each branch being coupled to a respective one of said diversity antennas, an in-phase splitter (92) for splitting an output from the combiner into two output channels, means (94 to 98) for demodulating the signals in the output channels, means (104 to 108) for correlating the signals in each of the output channels with respective ones of the dual spreading codes and means (110) for recovering data from the correlated signals.
Abstract:
A communication system comprises a wireless local area network (LAN) formed by a plurality of spacially separated transceivers (TR, TRnull). Each of the transceivers has a transmitting section (10) for transmitting data by a combination of dual code spread spectrum techniques with transmit diversity. More particularly an input data stream is split into quadrature related channels (I,Q). Each of the channels comprises a frequency up-converter (42, 44, 46), a spread spectrum stage (50, 52) for spreading the up-converted channel signal by a respective one of two parallel produced PN codes (PN1, PN2) and an antenna (18, 20) for propagating its respective spread spectrum signal, the antennas (18, 20) being located where convenient in the coverage area of the respective transmitting section.
Abstract:
A remote control device for remote control of home theater equipment has a display with a touch screen representing a GUI. User-activation of the GUI causes its appearance to change. The change is effected through animation. Animation is the simulation of movement created by displaying a series of bitmaps. The animation lets the user perceive the change as a smooth transition. Thus the impression is avoided of an abrupt confrontation with a new lay-out.
Abstract:
A local communication system comprises a plurality of devices (10, 12, 50) interconnected (14) for the communication of data. One of the devices (12) is a display device arranged to display data from one or more other devices of the system, and one of said devices (40) is a remote control carrying a first group of controls (A..G) for controlling respective operational functions of a device (10) of the system. The system is configured to identify a selected device (10) of the system to be controlled by user operation of said remote control device (40), and to determine which operational functions of that selected device do not have a corresponding control (C, D) on the remote control. For such functions, the system generates on the display device a user actuatable simulacrum 56 of a control for that function (H, J, K, L).