摘要:
Embodiments in accordance with the present invention provide waveguide structures and methods of forming such structures where core and laterally adjacent cladding regions are defined. Some embodiments of the present invention provide waveguide structures where core regions are collectively surrounded by laterally adjacent cladding regions and cladding layers and methods of forming such structures.
摘要:
A method of forming a metal film and a metal wiring pattern is described a step of forming an organic film by applying and polymerizing an undercoat composition for forming a metal film containing an addition-polymerizable monomer having an acidic group and a polymerization initiator on a substrate or film, a step of converting the acidic group into a metal (M1) salt by treating the organic film with an aqueous solution containing a metal (M1) ion, a step of converting the metal (M1) salt into a metal (M2) salt by treating the organic film with an aqueous solution containing a metal (M2) ion having an ionization tendency lower than the metal (M1) ion, and a step of forming a metal film on the organic film surface by reducing the metal (M2) ion.
摘要:
Embodiments in accordance with the present invention provide waveguide structures and methods of forming such structures where core and laterally adjacent cladding regions are defined. Some embodiments of the present invention provide waveguide structures where core regions are collectively surrounded by laterally adjacent cladding regions and cladding layers and methods of forming such structures.
摘要:
An exposure apparatus includes an original-form stage for holding an original form, a projection optical system for introducing light from the original form into an object to be exposed, and a detection optical system for detecting positions at plural points on the original form, in an optical-axis direction of the projection optical system, wherein a space for enclosing the original-form stage is different from a space for enclosing at least part of the detection optical system.
摘要:
An intake system for a combustion engine includes an intake passage (12), a suction duct (22) protruding into the intake passage (12) to communicate therewith and having front and rear wall areas (22a and 22b), and a fuel injector (21) positioned upstream of the intake duct (22) for injecting fuel (F) into the suction duct (22). The rear wall area (22b) has a height greater than that of the front wall area (22a).
摘要:
A throttle body configured to supply air to an air-intake port of an engine is disclosed. The throttle body typically includes an air-intake passage through which air flows. The air-intake passage at least partially has a non-perfect circle portion with a cross-section of a non-perfect circle shape in a direction substantially perpendicular to a direction of an air flow of air taken in from outside. The non-perfect circle shape typically has long and short axes. At least one of a first throttle valve and a second throttle valve typically is mounted within the non-perfect circle portion of the air-intake passage. The first throttle valve and second throttle valve may include throttle valve members each having a shape conforming to the non-perfect circle shape of the cross-section of the non-perfect circle portion of the air-intake passage. Typically, the first throttle valve and the second throttle valve are each configured to control an amount of the air flow. At least one of the first throttle valve and the second throttle valve is configured to open and close to substantially open and close the air-intake passage.
摘要:
A throttle body configured to supply air to an air-intake port of an engine is disclosed. The throttle body typically includes an air-intake passage through which air flows. The air-intake passage at least partially has a non-perfect circle portion with a cross-section of a non-perfect circle shape in a direction substantially perpendicular to a direction of an air flow of air taken in from outside. The non-perfect circle shape typically has long and short axes. At least one of a first throttle valve and a second throttle valve typically is mounted within the non-perfect circle portion of the air-intake passage. The first throttle valve and second throttle valve may include throttle valve members each having a shape conforming to the non-perfect circle shape of the cross-section of the non-perfect circle portion of the air-intake passage. Typically, the first throttle valve and the second throttle valve are each configured to control an amount of the air flow. At least one of the first throttle valve and the second throttle valve is configured to open and close to substantially open and close the air-intake passage.
摘要:
The invention intends to provide a direct current load breaking contact point constitution that can make and break an electrical circuit under both direct current loads of direct current resistance load and direct current inductance load over a long period of time without causing problems such as {circle around (1)} the conduction defect due to the consumption of the contact point, {circle around (2)} the locking due to material transfer from one contact point to the other contact point, {circle around (3)} the welding between the contact points, and {circle around (4)} the abnormal arc continuation, and a direct current load breaking switching mechanism such as a relay, a switch and so on that has the contact point constitution. The direct current load breaking contact point constitution according to the invention comprises a movable contact point and a stationary contact point that face each other; wherein the movable contact point is made of AgSnO2In2O3 alloy that contains at least Ag, 8 to 15% by weight in total of metal oxides including SnO2 and In2O3, 6 to 10% by weight of SnO2 and 1 to 5% by weight of In2O3; the stationary contact point is made of AgZnO alloy that contains at least Ag and 7 to 11% by weight of ZnO; and polarity of a movable side is (+) and that of a stationary side is (−).
摘要翻译:本发明旨在提供直流负载断开触点结构,其可以在直流电流负载和直流电感负载的两个直流负载下长时间地产生和断开电路,而不会引起诸如圆周的问题 (1)由于接触点的消耗引起的导电缺陷{圆周(2)由于从一个接触点到另一接触点的材料转移而导致的锁定,{圆周(3)接触点之间的焊接和{圆 围绕(4个异常电弧继续)以及具有接触点构成的诸如继电器,开关等的直流负载断路切换机构,根据本发明的直流负载断开触点构造包括可动触点 以及彼此面对的固定触点;其中所述可动触点由AgSnO 2 N 2 N 3 Al 3 y,其含有至少Ag,总共含有8〜15重量%的金属氧化物,包括SnO 2和N 2 O 3,6〜 10重量%的SnO 2 2和1至5重量%的In 2 N 3 O 3; 固定接触点由AgZnO合金制成,AgZnO合金至少含有Ag和7至11重量%的ZnO; 并且可动侧的极性为(+),而固定侧的极性为( - )。
摘要:
An exposure apparatus includes an original-form stage for holding an original form, a projection optical system for introducing light from the original form into an object to be exposed, and a detection optical system for detecting positions at plural points on the original form, in an optical-axis direction of the projection optical system, wherein a space for enclosing the original-form stage is different from a space for enclosing at least part of the detection optical system.
摘要:
A paste application apparatus capable of evenly applying a paste to each of the front portion and the rear portion of a coating target with a simple operation. The paste application apparatus includes a setting device for setting the velocity difference between the movement velocity of the target and that of a paste layer during application of the paste in order to evenly apply the paste to the front portion and the rear portion. The paste layer having a constant layer thickness on a substrate surface moves along an arc-shaped path, when viewed from the side, the target for coating moves along the tangential direction of the arc-shaped path at a constant velocity while being immersed to a predetermined depth relative to the paste layer, and thereby the paste is applied to the target for coating.