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公开(公告)号：US5586549A
公开(公告)日：1996-12-24
申请号：US582386
申请日：1996-01-03
CPC分类号： F24H1/0036 , F24J2/0023 , F24J2/32 , F02G2254/10 , F02G2254/30 , Y02E10/44
摘要： The apparatus is a hybrid solar collector which permits heating by both solar energy and fossil fuels. The hollow solar collector structure acts as the vapor space for a heat pipe for which the heat utilization device acts as the condenser. A solar evaporator wick covers the inside surface of the solar collector, and one or more burners are located adjacent to the solar collector. Each burner has a burner evaporator wick mounted directly on the surface of the combustion chamber and the wick is either exposed within the vapor space of the solar heat pipe or made a part of an intermediate heat pipe which cools the combustion chamber surface and heats an auxiliary evaporator wick within the solar heat pipe. Thus, heat produced by either solar radiation or fuel combustion evaporates the working fluid in the solar heat pipe.
摘要翻译： 该装置是允许太阳能和化石燃料加热的混合太阳能收集器。 空心太阳能收集器结构用作热利用装置用作冷凝器的热管的蒸气空间。 太阳能蒸发器灯芯覆盖太阳能收集器的内表面，并且一个或多个燃烧器位于太阳能集热器附近。 每个燃烧器具有直接安装在燃烧室表面上的燃烧器蒸发器芯，并且灯芯暴露在太阳能热管的蒸汽空间内，或者制成冷却燃烧室表面的中间热管的一部分，并加热辅助 太阳能热管内的蒸发器灯芯。 因此，通过太阳辐射或燃料燃烧产生的热量蒸发太阳能热管中的工作流体。
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公开(公告)号：US5261390A
公开(公告)日：1993-11-16
申请号：US671864
申请日：1991-04-01
申请人： John B. Lasich
发明人： John B. Lasich
CPC分类号： F24J2/50 , F24J2/30 , F24J2/32 , F24J2002/4605 , Y02E10/44
摘要： A system for heating a fluid (5) conveyed or contained in process equipment (7) comprises a layer of transparent thermal insulation (9) which partly covers the process equipment so that a section (13) is exposed to solar radiation and thus is heated by the solar radiation and thereby heats the fluid (5). The "window" defines a form of thermal diode concentrator in that the surface area of the "window" is great than that of the exposed section (13) of the process equipment (7) and thus the "window" in effect concentrates the solar radiation onto the exposed section (13) of the process equipment, and the transparent thermal insulation (9), albeit transparent, minimises heat loss from the fluid (5).
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / AU89 / 00424 Sec。 371日期1991年4月1日 102（e）日期1991年4月1日PCT提交1989年10月3日PCT公布。 公开号WO90 / 04143 日本1990年04月19日。用于加热在工艺设备（7）中输送或包含的流体（5）的系统包括透明隔热层（9），其部分地覆盖处理设备，使得部分（13）暴露 由太阳辐射加热，从而加热流体（5）。 “窗口”定义了一种形式的热二极管浓缩器，因为“窗口”的表面积大于工艺设备（7）的暴露部分（13）的表面积，因此“窗口”实际上将太阳能 辐射到工艺设备的暴露部分（13）上，透明隔热层（9）尽管是透明的，但最小化了流体（5）的热损失。
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公开(公告)号：US5241950A
公开(公告)日：1993-09-07
申请号：US820670
申请日：1992-01-16
摘要： A heat pipe containing a working fluid, comprises an evaporator, a condenser, an interconnecting tube joining the evaporator and the condenser, and a regulating means for limiting the maximum temperature in the condenser to a predetermined temperature. The regulating means comprises a plug operable by means of a temperature sensitive member to move between a first position in which the plug seats in a fluid reservoir in the condenser and a second position in which the reservoir is adapted to collect the working fluid.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / GB91 / 00787 Sec。 371日期：1992年1月16日 102（e）日期1992年1月16日PCT提交1991年5月20日PCT公布。 WO91 / 18252 PCT出版物 包含工作流体的热管包括蒸发器，冷凝器，连接蒸发器和冷凝器的互连管，以及用于将冷凝器中的最高温度限制在预定温度的调节装置。 调节装置包括一个可通过温度敏感元件操作的插头，以在第一位置和第二位置之间移动，在该第一位置，塞子位于冷凝器的流体容器中，而第二位置则储存器适于收集工作流体。
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公开(公告)号：US4766885A
公开(公告)日：1988-08-30
申请号：US943883
申请日：1986-12-19
申请人： Toshiaki Muramatsu
发明人： Toshiaki Muramatsu
CPC分类号： F24J2/4647 , F24D17/0021 , F24J2/265 , F24J2/32 , F24J2/345 , Y02B10/20 , Y02B10/70 , Y02E10/44 , Y10S126/906
摘要： A solar water heater comprising at least one casing having housed therein a heat collector of the heat pipe type having a condenser portion and a heat receiving tank for receiving heat from the condenser portion of the collector, and a hot water tank disposed outside the casing. The heat receiving tank is in communication with the hot water tank by a supply pipe and a return pipe to heat water in the hot water tank with the heat of a liquid within the heat receiving tank.
摘要翻译： 一种太阳能热水器，包括至少一个壳体，其中容纳有具有冷凝器部分的热管类型的集热器和用于从集电器的冷凝器部分接收热量的热接收罐和设置在壳体外部的热水箱。 受热箱通过供给管和回流管与热水箱连通，以在热水箱内加热热容器内的液体的热量。
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公开(公告)号：US4587376A
公开(公告)日：1986-05-06
申请号：US647989
申请日：1984-09-06
申请人： Haruhisa Kosaka , Daizo Takaoka
发明人： Haruhisa Kosaka , Daizo Takaoka
IPC分类号： F24J2/32 , F24J2/46 , H01L31/052 , H01L31/058 , H01L31/04 , F24J2/42
CPC分类号： F24J2/4652 , F24J2/32 , H01L31/052 , H02S40/44 , Y02E10/44 , Y02E10/50 , Y02E10/60
摘要： An apparatus in which amorphous silicon solar cells are formed on a heat collecting plate. The solar cells are formed by using a superstrate or a substrate. Both a light-permeable superstrate and a metallic substrate are available for use. If the light-permeable superstrate is adopted, metallic electrodes, formed on the side of the heat collecting plate as lower electrodes of the solar cells, are attached to the heat collecting plate through electrically insulating adhesives, provided that the upper surface of the superstrate is exposed against the incident sunlight. The light-permeable superstrate is made of a heat absorbing material transmitting light having a wavelength range which is absorbed by the amorphous silicon layer of the solar cells while absorbing light having a wavelength range which is transmitted through the amorphous silicon layer thereby to convert the light into thermal energy. Alternatively, a heat absorbing layer made of a material having the above-mentioned property may be provided on a transparent superstrate. On the other hand, if the metallic substrate is used, the substrate is also available for the heat collecting plate, or is attached to the heat collecting plate while said heat absorbing layer may be provided on transparent electrodes formed on the upper side of the substrate as upper electrodes of the solar cells.
摘要翻译： 在集热板上形成非晶硅太阳能电池的装置。 太阳能电池通过使用上层或基板形成。 透光性的覆层和金属基材都可以使用。 如果采用透光性覆盖层，则形成在集热板侧的太阳能电池的下部电极的金属电极通过电绝缘性粘合剂附着在集热板上，前提是覆盖层的上表面为 暴露在事件阳光下。 透光性覆层由吸收透光性的材料构成，该吸收材料具有透射由太阳能电池的非晶硅层吸收的波长范围的光，同时吸收透过非晶硅层的波长范围的光，从而转换光 进入热能。 或者，由具有上述特性的材料制成的吸热层可以设置在透明的覆层上。 另一方面，如果使用金属基板，则基板也可用于集热板，或者附着在集热板上，而所述吸热层可以设置在形成在基板的上侧的透明电极上 作为太阳能电池的上电极。
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公开(公告)号：US4538591A
公开(公告)日：1985-09-03
申请号：US50654183
申请日：1983-06-21
IPC分类号： F24D11/00
CPC分类号： F28D15/0266 , F24D11/003 , F24J2/32 , F28D2020/0078 , F28F2250/08 , Y02B10/20 , Y02E10/44
摘要： The present invention relates to a solar water heating system operating in a closed circuit and making use of a change of phase in a working fluid as a heat transfer medium, comprising: at least one collector to be exposed to sunlight for transmitting radiant solar energy to a working fluid and thus converting the fluid into a liquid-vapor mixture; a hot water storage reservoir connected to a heat exchanger; a pump for returning the working fluid to the collector; and a pipe means connecting all of the above mentioned components. The system according to the subject invention is characterized in that it comprises a separator connected to both ends of the collector; a pipe for returning the liquid coming from the liquid-vapor mixture to the lower end of the absorber of the collector in such a manner that it is constantly wet; and two pipes connecting the separator to the exchanger, one for circulating the vapor to the exchanger where it condenses and the other for allowing return of the condensed liquid to the separator, by means of the pump; the exchanger being of the type that allows free gravity flowing of the condensed liquid to the pump; and the system is further characterized in that the pump is placed below the mean level of the liquid in the exchanger and in that it ensures the return of the condensed liquid accumulated at the bottom of the exchanger to the separator.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种在封闭回路中工作的太阳能热水系统，利用作为传热介质的工作流体中的相位变化，包括：至少一个暴露于阳光下的收集器，用于将辐射太阳能传递到 工作流体，从而将流体转化成液体 - 蒸气混合物; 连接到热交换器的热水存储容器; 用于将工作流体返回到收集器的泵; 以及连接所有上述组件的管道装置。 根据本发明的系统的特征在于它包括连接到收集器两端的分离器; 用于使液体 - 蒸汽混合物的液体以不断湿润的方式返回到收集器的吸收器的下端的管道; 以及将分离器连接到交换器的两个管道，一个用于将蒸气循环到交换器，在那里冷凝，另一个用于通过泵将冷凝的液体返回到分离器; 交换器是允许冷凝液体自由重力流向泵的类型; 并且该系统的特征还在于，将泵放置在交换器内的液体的平均水平以下，并且确保将积聚在交换器底部的冷凝液体返回到分离器。
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公开(公告)号：US4438759A
公开(公告)日：1984-03-27
申请号：US329516
申请日：1981-12-10
CPC分类号： F24J2/265 , F24J2/16 , F24J2/32 , F24J2/345 , F24J2/4614 , F24J2002/261 , Y02B10/20 , Y02E10/44
摘要： A heat-pipe type solar collector comprises as its principal portion a plurality of heat pipes arranged in parallel with each other and having vaporizing portions and condensing portions, and a plurality of heat collector plates traversing the heat pipes and arranged in parallel with each other, the vaporizing portion of each heat pipe penetrating through and fixedly mounted to the collector plates in intimate heat conductive relation therewith, and each collector plate having a lower portion bent substantially perpendicular to the remaining portion to cover a space between itself and an adjacent collector plate.According to this arrangement, solar heat can be effectively collected by the collector plates and transmitted to the heat pipes with a negligible heat loss. Thus the heat collecting efficiency of the water heater can be remarkably enhanced.
摘要翻译： 一种热管式太阳能集热器，其主要部分包括彼此平行布置并具有蒸发部分和冷凝部分的多个热管，以及横过热管并且彼此平行布置的多个集热板， 每个热管的蒸发部分贯穿并固定地安装到集电板上，并且每个集热板具有与其余部分基本上垂直的下部，以覆盖其自身与相邻的集电板之间的空间。 根据这种布置，太阳能热量可以被集电板有效地收集并以可忽略的热损失传输到热管。 因此，可以显着提高热水器的集热效率。
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公开(公告)号：US4335709A
公开(公告)日：1982-06-22
申请号：US112873
申请日：1980-01-17
CPC分类号： F24J2/32 , F24J2/055 , F24J2002/4681 , Y02E10/44
摘要： A heat pipe solar collector comprises an evacuated transparent envelope spaced from and surrounding the evaporation zone and a protective jacket spaced from and surrounding the condensation zone. The protective jacket is connected to the transparent envelope to protect the joint between the transparent envelope and the heat pipe against damage and is provided with openings for the passage of a heat-absorbing medium.
摘要翻译： 热管太阳能收集器包括与蒸发区隔开并围绕蒸发区的抽真空透明外壳和与冷凝区隔开并围绕冷凝区的保护套。 保护套连接到透明外壳上，以保护透明外壳和热管之间的接头免受损坏，并设置有用于吸热介质通过的开口。
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79.发明授权Solar power converter with pool boiling receiver and integral heat exchanger 失效太阳能转换器与池沸腾接收器和整体式热交换器
公开(公告)号：US4335578A
公开(公告)日：1982-06-22
申请号：US154723
申请日：1980-05-30
申请人： Douglas B. Osborn , Robert L. Pons
发明人： Douglas B. Osborn , Robert L. Pons
CPC分类号： F24J2/542 , F24J2/07 , F24J2/12 , F24J2/32 , F24J2/4649 , Y02E10/41 , Y02E10/42 , Y02E10/44 , Y02E10/47
摘要： A solar converter is disclosed which has particular applicability at the focal point of a parabolic concentrator. The converter absorbs solar thermal radiation in a cavity type receiver and transports the heat via a secondary fluid to a heat exchanger which contains a primary (i.e., working) fluid used for process heating or to power a heat engine employing either Stirling, Rankine, or Brayton thermodynamic cycles. The secondary fluid is boiled within the receiver by the trapped solar radiation and the released vapor rises along an elevated path to the heat exchanger. The vapor condenses on the surfaces of the heat exchanger, thereby transferring heat to the engine working fluid. The condensed liquid then flows by means of gravity back to the solar receiver. The walls of the cavity receiver are typically comprised of two concentric cylinders joined at one end in a half toroid and at the other end in concentric half spheres. Optimum primary and secondary fluids, which may be different from each other and are different for different applications, are described.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种在抛物面聚光器的焦点具有特别适用性的太阳能转换器。 转换器吸收空腔型接收器中的太阳热辐射，并将热量经由次级流体输送到热交换器，热交换器包含用于工艺加热的初级（即工作）流体，或者为使用斯特林，兰金或 Brayton热力循环。 二次流体被捕获的太阳辐射在接收器内沸腾，并且释放的蒸气沿着升高的路径升高到热交换器。 蒸汽在热交换器的表面上冷凝，从而将热量传递给发动机工作流体。 冷凝的液体然后通过重力流向太阳能接收器。 空腔接收器的壁通常包括两个同心圆筒，其一端连接在半环形环中，另一端连接在同心半球体中。 描述了可能彼此不同并且对于不同应用是不同的最佳一次和二次流体。
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公开(公告)号：US4313423A
公开(公告)日：1982-02-02
申请号：US40522
申请日：1979-05-21
申请人： Faramarz S. Mahdjuri
发明人： Faramarz S. Mahdjuri
CPC分类号： F24J2/32 , F24J2/055 , F24J2002/4681 , Y02E10/44
摘要： A solar collector is disclosed the constructional structure of which has been simplified in such a way that the condenser system of the collector is inserted in the channel through which the gaseous or liquid heat-transfer medium flows by means of a sealing system comprising a gasket member and screwably operable tightening means.Assembly and overhauling of the condenser system are greatly facilitated.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种太阳能收集器，其构造结构已被简化，使得收集器的冷凝器系统插入通道中，气体或液体传热介质通过该通道借助于包括垫圈构件的密封系统流动 和可拧紧地操作的紧固装置。 大大方便了冷凝器系统的组装和检修。
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