摘要:
The device and method of this invention provides a means to increase anhydrosugars yield during pyrolysis of biomass. This increase is achieved by injection of a liquid or gas into the vapor stream of any pyrolysis reactor prior to the reactor condensers. A second novel feature of our technology is the utilization of sonication, microwave excitation or shear mixing of the biomass to increase the acid catalyst rate for demineralization or removal of hemicellulose prior to pyrolysis. The increased reactivity of these treatments reduces reaction time as well as the required amount of catalyst to less than half of that otherwise required. A fractional condensation system employed by our pyrolysis reactor is also a novel element of our technology. This system condenses bio-oil pyrolysis vapors to various desired fractions by differential temperature manipulation of individual condensers comprising a condenser chain.
摘要:
A method of purifying water comprises contacting the water with a quaternary oxide while exposing the quaternary oxide to visible light, the quaternary oxide containing a dopant metal, a dopant nonmetal, titanium, and oxygen. The atomic ratio of titanium, oxygen and dopant nonmetal is 1:0.5-1.99:0.01-1.5.
摘要:
Methods for providing data security are described. A security device (10) and a plug-in device (30) work in conjunction to enable encryption and decryption of data. A secret is stored by one of the security device (10) or the plug-in device (30). While the secret is required for constructing a key, the key cannot be constructed from the secret alone. Unauthorized devices or users are thereby prevented from accessing the key.
摘要:
The invention, a voice-operated alarm system, includes an alarm and a receiver. The alarm is comprised of a microphone unit, a voice detector, a noise reduction unit, a speech recognizer or a keyword spotter which can recognize predefined keywords, and a signal transmitter. The speech recognizer and the keyword spotter can be speaker dependent, speaker independent, or both. A speaker-dependent system needs training, while a speaker-independent system does not. A receiver is located near the alarm and is connected to a telephone or data network. The receiver further communicates with the emergency monitoring center. Furthermore, the alarm system can also be implemented as a wireless phone with keyword spotting/recognition function. In this embodiment, the alarm user can communicate with the operators directly, like a cell phone, but the dial up function is replaced by uttering keywords. In this implementation, the receiver may not be necessary.
摘要:
Methods and articles for controlling the surface of an alloy substrate for deposition of an epitaxial layer. The invention includes the use of an intermediate layer to stabilize the substrate surface against oxidation for subsequent deposition of an epitaxial layer.
摘要:
The invention relates to methods and compositions for making a multi-layer article. The compositions can be used in relatively fast methods which can superconductor material intermediates that have relatively few cracks and/or blisters. The compositions can have relatively low water contents.
摘要:
A novel process of the production and processing of high quality, high Tc BSCCO or (Bi,Pb)SCCO superconductors starts with fabrication of a forming a bundle including a plurality of billets, each billet containing at least one filament comprising a dominant amount of an tetragonal BSCCO phase with selected intermediate phases, and substantially surrounded by a constraining metal. The bundle is thermomechanically consolidated to form a multifilamentary precursor article by applying pressure and heat to the bundle under conditions cooperatively selected to cause interdiffusion of said constraining metal at the interfaces between said metal and said filaments and substantially complete elimination of voids in said bundle, and the consolidation step is completed before any high strain longitudinal deformation is performed on the bundle. The precursor article is then heated at a second selected processing temperature in an inert atmosphere with a second selected oxygen partial pressure for a second selected time period, the second processing temperature, the second time period and the second oxygen partial pressure being cooperatively selected to form a dominant amount of an orthorhombic BSCCO phase in the reacted mixture. It may then be deformed to form an elongated precursor article of a desired texture; and thereafter heated at a third selected processing temperature in an inert atmosphere with a third selected oxygen partial pressure for a third selected time period, all cooperatively selected to convert at least a portion of the orthorhombic BSCCO phase to the final superconducting BSCCO material.
摘要:
An improved ECL circuit, based upon an ECL circuit of conventional design, functions as the required transceiver for the bi-directional data transmission between a computer and an electronic device with a specific interface of USB 2.0. The value of an emitter resistor within an emitter resistance network in the conventional ECL circuit is adjusted till its output voltage amplitude meets the USB 2.0 specification. A number of voltage level shifting and capacitive coupling circuits are added to both the input and output sections of the conventional ECL circuit making it directly interfaceable with the popular CMOS logic family. A collector electrode switch network is also added to the conventional ECL circuit to make its output terminals tri-statable thus compatible with the communication scheme of half duplexing under the USB 2.0 specification.