摘要:
An image forming apparatus has an image forming carrier, an image forming portion that forms an image on the image forming carrier, an intermediate transfer medium to which the image on the image forming carrier is primarily transferred, and a transfer portion that secondarily transfers to a recording medium the image primarily transferred to the intermediate transfer medium. An area where the image forming carrier and the intermediate transfer medium are opposed includes a primary transfer area where the image on the image forming carrier is transferred to the intermediate transfer medium and a secondary transfer area where the image on the intermediate transfer medium is transferred to the recording medium.
摘要:
A communications system whose bandwidth resources can be used more efficiently by reserving them on an individual path basis. Upon receipt of a bandwidth reservation message, a path setup initiator examines the message and thereby recognizes that the local station device is the egress node of a specified logical network segment. It then consults a topology database to retrieve hop counts of the source station device, which reveals, for example, that a first ringlet has a smaller hop count than a second ringlet. The path setup initiator sends a working path setup message to the ingress network device over the first ringlet, as well as a protection path setup message to the same ingress device over the second ringlet. Upon receipt of those messages, a bandwidth reservation unit reserves a working path bandwidth on the second ringlet, as well as a protection path bandwidth on the first ringlet.
摘要:
An image forming apparatus includes a photoreceptor, a driving unit which rotation-drives the photoreceptor, an exposure unit which forms a latent image by performing image exposure to the photoreceptor, a plurality of development units which develop a plurality of latent images sequentially formed on the photoreceptor with different color toners respectively, a belt-like intermediate transfer member onto which respective color toner images sequentially developed on the photoreceptor are primarily transferred to be superimposed on each other, at least one load unit which comes in contact with or is separated from the belt-like intermediate transfer member to change a load on the belt-like intermediate transfer member, and a speed control unit which increases/decreases a driving speed of the photoreceptor at a specified timing. Preferably, the belt-like intermediate transfer member is an elastic belt.
摘要:
An electro-optic modulator includes a substrate made of a material which has an electro-optic effect and a pyroelectric effect. In the substrate, an optical waveguide is formed to have at least a pair of optical paths. On the substrate and on the optical waveguide, a transparent buffer layer is formed to cover the optical waveguide. On the buffer layer, first and second electrodes are formed so that the first and the second electrodes are arranged to cause refractive index changes in the pair of optical paths in response to electrical fields surrounding the electro-optic modulator. The buffer layer is a mutual diffusion layer. The mutual diffusion layer is made from laminated films having at least one transparent insulator film and at least one transparent conductor film but has no clear boundary between the transparent insulator film and the transparent conductor film.
摘要:
The invention presents a optical processing apparatus capable of detecting accurately the sticking status of deposits sticking to optical means in a background of same color as deposits, preventing occurrence of defective soldering due to feeding failure of wire solder, and detecting solder failure when the leading end portion of the wire solder does not reach up to the processing area. This optical processing apparatus comprises light energy output means for producing light energy, a first optical path for guiding the light energy into a work, optical means disposed in the first optical path for shaping the light energy, a second optical path sharing part of the first optical path for guiding the light from the work to photo receiving means, and driving means for changing the relative positions of at least the optical means and the work.
摘要:
A test apparatus for a semiconductor device, which improves the reliability of an operational test on target devices on a wafer using BOST (Built Out Self Test) and BIST (Built In Self Test). The test apparatus includes an external test unit, the BIST circuit formed in the semiconductor device, and BOST device which is coupled between the external test unit and the semiconductor device. Pattern data for a pattern dependency test is stored in the BIST circuit and pattern data for a timing dependency test is stored in the BOST device.
摘要:
A machining apparatus includes a light source (1) for generating light energy, an optical system (2, 3) for guiding the generated light energy to a joint position of a workpiece, a table (5a) on which the workpiece is mounted, and a heating device (5b) provided at the table for heating the workpiece. The machining apparatus, a machining method and production equipment using the machining apparatus allow the workpiece to be locally heated fast, which is applicable to soldering or the like.
摘要:
A method of calculating the amount of work done by an internal combustion engine, which is capable of calculating a work amount parameter indicative of the amount of work done with accuracy while compensating for a phase delay in in-cylinder pressure data caused e.g. by a filtering process performed thereon. The method calculates the work amount parameter Pmi indicative of the amount of work done by the engine 3 including a combustion chamber 3b, as follows: Pressure in the combustion chamber 3b is detected to obtain in-cylinder pressure data P indicative of the detected pressure. Volume data V indicative of a state of change in volume of the combustion chamber 3b is obtained. The obtained volume data V is subjected to a first predetermined filtering process. The work amount parameter Pmi is calculated based on the detected in-cylinder pressure data P, and the volume data filtered value VF obtained by subjecting the volume data V to the first filtering process.
摘要:
A belt transporting device for circulatingly transporting an endless belt, which is in use with an image forming apparatus, such as copying machine or a printer. The belt transporting device includes a plurality of tension rolls, an endless belt laid on the tension rolls, the endless belt having a belt-end edge part protruding from an end of one of the tension roll and a guide member provided in the vicinity of the endless belt. The guide member comes in contact with the belt-end edge part so as to bend the belt-end edge part in a tapering-off direction. The guide member regulates the shape of the belt-end edge part so that a rotary peripheral length of the belt-end edge part becomes smaller than that of an area where a rear side of the endless belt is in contact with the tension roll.
摘要:
After an engine 1 has started to operate, a state in which a humidity represented by an output of a humidity sensor 19 downstream of a hydrocarbon adsorbent 7 takes a minimum value is sequentially searched for, and a timing at which the humidity changes from the minimum value to a monotonously increasing state is grasped as a timing at which the adsorption of moisture and hydrocarbons by the hydrocarbon adsorbent 7 is saturated. After the engine has started to operate, a parameter representing an integrated amount of moisture given to the hydrocarbon adsorbent 7 by the exhaust gas is sequentially generated, and a deteriorated state of the hydrocarbon adsorbent 7 is evaluated based on the value of the parameter at the timing at which the adsorption is saturated. The deteriorated state of the hydrocarbon absorbent can thus accurately be evaluated by an inexpensive arrangement which employs the humidity sensor 19 disposed downstream of the hydrocarbon adsorbent 7.