摘要:
An apparatus controls an internal combustion engine provided with an EGR device having an EGR passage and an EGR valve that is provided in the EGR passage and can adjust an EGR amount. This apparatus includes a controller that estimates state parameters of the internal combustion engine that affect the behavior of the EGR gas within a predetermined period of time; sets constraints on the EGR amount within the predetermined period on the basis of an approximated dynamics obtained by approximating a true dynamics, which is a transition of the EGR amount within the predetermined period, so that approximated values do not exceed the true dynamics; determines a target value of the EGR amount according to the estimated state parameters within a range of the EGR amount on which the constraints that have been set; and controls the EGR valve so that the EGR amount becomes the determined target value.
摘要:
A vehicle integrated control device that can request torque having an appropriate magnitude and change speed to be given to an engine control unit from a drive system manager. A first maximum torque and a second maximum torque are presented to a drive system manager from an engine control unit. The drive system manager refers to the first maximum torque and the second maximum torque which are presented, and determines a request torque to be given to the engine control unit. The first maximum torque is a maximum torque that can be realized when only an operation amount of a throttle is actively changed without actively changing an operation amount of a wastegate valve. The second maximum torque is a maximum torque that can be realized when both the operation amount of the throttle and the operation amount of the wastegate valve are actively changed.
摘要:
An object of the present invention is to enable monitoring whether a target throttle opening degree to be given to an electronically controlled throttle is not out of an appropriate range, in a controller for an internal combustion engine with a supercharger. To this end, in a controller according to the present invention, propriety of the target throttle opening degree is confirmed with a reference throttle opening degree as a reference by a monitoring device. The target throttle opening degree is calculated based on a target intake air quantity and a measured value or an estimated value of a supercharging pressure by using an inverse model of an air model expressing a dynamic relation that is established among the supercharging pressure, a throttle opening degree and an intake air quantity, by a first arithmetic unit. The reference throttle opening degree is calculated based on the target intake air quantity and a measured value or an estimated value of an atmospheric pressure by using a relational expression that is established between the intake air quantity and an intake pipe pressure in a steady state, and a relational expression that is established among a throttle upstream pressure, the intake pipe pressure and a throttle flow rate in a steady state, by a second arithmetic unit.
摘要:
An object of this invention is, with respect to a torque-demand-control type controller that subjects two kinds of actuators provided upstream and downstream in an intake passage to coordinated operations based on a requested torque for an internal combustion engine, to enable realization of a pulse-like torque change in a torque decreasing direction that is requested, for example, when performing an upshift operation in an electronically controlled automatic transmission. To achieve this object, according to a controller for an internal combustion engine of this invention, when a pulse component in a torque decreasing direction is included in a requested torque, a second requested torque that does not include the pulse component is generated. In this case, a first actuator provided on the downstream side in the intake passage is operated based on the requested torque. On the other hand, although a second actuator provided on the upstream side in the intake passage is operated based on the requested torque when there is not a valid value of the second requested torque, the second actuator is operated based on the second requested torque when there is a valid value of the second requested torque.
摘要:
An imprinting device is provided which is capable of using small an opening/closing device even when a transfer area increases. The imprinting device that transfers a molding pattern of a die to a molding target includes a pressurization unit that includes a pressurization chamber to pressurize the die and the molding target by a fluid, a stage that supports the die and the molding target pressurized by the pressurization unit, a pressurization device for adjusting the pressure of the fluid inside the pressurization chamber, an opening/closing device for relatively moving the pressurization unit and the stage, and a securing tool that secures the pressurization unit and the stage so as to prevent or suppress an application of force generated by the pressurization unit to the opening/closing device.
摘要:
A control device calculates a maximum amount of increase in an intake pipe pressure in a Δt obtained by moving a throttle to an opening side at a maximum speed, and calculates a maximum amount of decrease in an intake pipe pressure in the Δt obtained by moving the throttle to a closing side at a maximum speed. Then, command values for each of a VVT and a WGV are determined such that an amount of change in an intake pipe pressure in the Δt required to achieve a target intake air amount falls within a range from the maximum amount of decrease to the maximum amount of increase. Then, a target opening for the throttle for a purpose of achieving the target intake air amount is calculated on the basis of command values that have been determined for the VVT and the WGV.
摘要:
The present invention provides a method of figuring out an effect of a medicine exerting on the same cell quantitatively over a time. A cell evaluation method includes a step of culturing cells on a cell-culture base material that is capable of culturing spheroids, and a step of measuring a change over a time in the number of the spheroids formed through the former step or a percentage of the spheroids formed through the former step relative to an entire cultured cell.
摘要:
A search device and an information providing system are structured, to lessen a user's operation load, such that a crawling portion executes a crawling while sequentially changing an expansion header indicating a voice display capacity in an HTTP request into a voice display capacity of a typical model within each of model groups, and registers the obtained result in a search index in correspondence to the model name within the model group, a search service providing portion executes a search from the search index in correspondence to a search condition like a key word from a cellular phone terminal unit and the model name in the HTTP request, and a response portion generates a search result in correspondence to a template, and sends to a Web browser of the cellular phone terminal unit via an HTTP server.
摘要:
Low-loss ferrite comprising 100% by mass of main components comprising 47.1-49.3% by mol of Fe2O3, 20-26% by mol of ZnO, and 6-14% by mol of CuO, the balance being NiO, and 0.1-2% by mass (as SnO2) of Sn and 0.05-2% by mass (as Mn3O4) of Mn, and having an average crystal grain size of 0.5-3 μm.
摘要翻译:包含100质量%的主成分的低损耗铁氧体包含47.1〜49.3摩尔%的Fe 2 O 3,20〜26摩尔%的ZnO和6〜14摩尔%的CuO,余量为NiO,0.1〜 (SnO 2),Mn为0.05〜2质量%(Mn 3 O 4),平均结晶粒径为0.5〜3μm。
摘要:
A highly sensitive and reliable optical sensor which has a low production cost, and facilitates a detection is provided. An optical sensor 1 that detects a predetermined detection target includes a concavo-convex structure 2 which has a predetermined form periodically arranged in a two-dimensional manner and which functions as a photonic crystal, a metal layer 3 which is formed on a surface of the concavo-convex structure 2 and which is capable of exciting localized surface plasmon resonance, and an adsorption element which is formed on the surface of the metal layer 3 and adsorbs the detection target. The detection target is detected based on optical characteristics before and after the detection target is adsorbed on the optical sensor 1.