Method and apparatus for characterization of terahertz radiation

    公开(公告)号:US10175111B2

    公开(公告)日:2019-01-08

    申请号:US15524488

    申请日:2015-11-04

    IPC分类号: G01J5/02 G01J3/42 G01J3/02

    摘要: A method for characterizing terahertz radiation using spectral domain interferometry, comprising overlapping a pump beam and a terahertz beam in a detecting crystal; obtaining two probe pulses by propagating the probe beam into a polarization maintaining single-mode optical fiber after the detecting crystal; and measuring a change in the optical path difference between the two probe pulses. The system comprises a detection crystal, where a terahertz pulse and a probe beam are made to overlap; a polarization-maintaining optical fiber propagating the probe beam after the detection crystal and outputting two probe pulses; and a spectrometer where the two probe pulses interfere.

    Spectral-domain interferometric method and system for characterizing terahertz radiation
    85.
    发明授权
    Spectral-domain interferometric method and system for characterizing terahertz radiation 有权
    用于表征太赫兹辐射的光谱域干涉法和系统

    公开(公告)号:US09335213B2

    公开(公告)日:2016-05-10

    申请号:US14417968

    申请日:2013-08-01

    摘要: A method and system based on spectral domain interferometry for detecting intense THz electric field, allowing the use of thick crystal for spectroscopic purposes, in order to makes long temporal scans for increased spectral resolutions, and overcoming the limitation of over-rotation for presently available high power THz sources. Using this method and system the phase difference of approximately 8898π can be measured, which is 18000 times higher than the phase difference measured by electro-optic sampling (π/2).

    摘要翻译: 一种基于频域干涉测量的方法和系统,用于检测强烈的THz电场,允许使用厚晶体进行光谱目的,以便对增加的光谱分辨率进行长时间扫描,并克服当前可用高度的过度旋转的限制 功率太赫兹源。 使用这种方法和系统,相位差约为8898&pgr; 可以测量,比通过电光采样(&pgr / 2)测量的相位差高18000倍。

    CATALYST PRECURSORS, CATALYSTS AND METHODS OF PRODUCING SAME
    86.
    发明申请
    CATALYST PRECURSORS, CATALYSTS AND METHODS OF PRODUCING SAME 有权
    催化剂前体,催化剂及其生产方法

    公开(公告)号:US20140011673A1

    公开(公告)日:2014-01-09

    申请号:US14020069

    申请日:2013-09-06

    IPC分类号: B01J23/745

    摘要: A catalyst precursor comprising (A) a microporous support; (B) a non-noble metal precursor; and (C) a pore-filler, wherein the micropores of the microporous support are filled with the pore-filler and the non-noble metal precursor so that the micropore surface area of the catalyst precursor is substantially smaller than the micropore surface area of the support when the pore-filler and the non-noble metal precursor are absent is provided. Also, a catalyst comprising the above catalyst precursor, wherein the catalyst precursor has been pyrolysed so that the micropore surface area of the catalyst is substantially larger than the micropore surface area of catalyst precursor, with the proviso that the pyrolysis is performed in the presence of a gas that is a nitrogen precursor when the microporous support, the non-noble metal precursor and the pore-filler are not nitrogen precursors is also provided. Methods of producing the catalyst precursor and the catalyst are provided.

    摘要翻译: 一种催化剂前体,其包含(A)微孔载体; (B)非贵金属前体; 和(C)孔填料,其中微孔载体的微孔填充有孔填料和非贵金属前体,使得催化剂前体的微孔表面积显着小于催化剂前体的微孔表面积 提供了当孔填料和非贵金属前体不存在时的支持。 此外,包含上述催化剂前体的催化剂,其中催化剂前体已被热解,使得催化剂的微孔表面积基本上大于催化剂前体的微孔表面积,条件是热解是在 还提供了当微孔载体,非贵金属前体和孔填料不是氮前体时为氮前体的气体。 提供了制备催化剂前体和催化剂的方法。

    Stable mode-locked laser for high repetition rate operation
    87.
    发明授权
    Stable mode-locked laser for high repetition rate operation 有权
    稳定的锁模激光器用于高重复率操作

    公开(公告)号:US08599887B2

    公开(公告)日:2013-12-03

    申请号:US13325891

    申请日:2011-12-14

    IPC分类号: H01S3/098

    摘要: A laser system comprises a high-Q nonlinear optical resonator, a cavity comprising an amplifying element and a dispersive element, an optical delay line adapted to tune the length of the cavity, and a large pass-band filter adapted to tune the cavity's central oscillation wavelength, the nonlinear optical resonator being selected with a linewidth (LWR) comparable to the cavity free-spectral range (FSRC). There is provided a method for generating highly stable pulse streams, comprising providing a cavity comprising an amplifying element and a dispersive element; selecting a high-Q nonlinear optical resonator with a linewidth (LWR) comparable to the cavity free-spectral range (FSRC); tuning the length of the cavity; and tuning the cavity's central oscillation wavelength.

    摘要翻译: 激光系统包括高Q非线性光学谐振器,包括放大元件和分散元件的空腔,适于调谐空腔长度的光学延迟线以及适于调谐空腔中心振荡的大通带滤波器 选择具有与空腔自由光谱范围(FSRC)相当的线宽(LWR)的非线性光学谐振器。 提供了一种用于产生高度稳定的脉冲流的方法,包括提供包括放大元件和分散元件的空腔; 选择具有与腔自由光谱范围(FSRC)相当的线宽(LWR)的高Q非线性光学谐振器; 调整腔的长度; 并调谐腔体的中心振荡波长。

    METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL REMOVAL OF NITRATE AND AMMONIA
    89.
    发明申请
    METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL REMOVAL OF NITRATE AND AMMONIA 审中-公开
    用于电化学去除硝酸盐和氨的方法和系统

    公开(公告)号:US20130168262A1

    公开(公告)日:2013-07-04

    申请号:US13821695

    申请日:2011-09-20

    IPC分类号: C02F1/467

    摘要: An electrochemical method and system for removing nitrate and ammonia in effluents, using an undivided flow-through electrolyzer, said electrolyzer comprising at least one cell, each cell comprising at least one anode and one cathode, the cathode being in a copper/nickel based alloy of a high corrosion resistance and a high electroactivity for nitrate reduction to ammonia and the anode being a DSA electrode of a high corrosion resistance and a high electroactivity for ammonia oxidation to nitrogen in presence of chloride.

    摘要翻译: 一种电化学方法和系统,用于使用不分流的流通式电解槽去除流出物中的硝酸盐和氨,所述电解器包括至少一个电池,每个电池包括至少一个阳极和一个阴极,阴极为铜/镍基合金 具有高耐腐蚀性和高电硝酸盐的硝酸盐还原为氨,阳极是具有高耐腐蚀性和高电活性的DSA电极,用于在氯化物存在下氨氧化成氮。

    COMBINED PN JUNCTION AND BULK PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICE
    90.
    发明申请
    COMBINED PN JUNCTION AND BULK PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICE 有权
    组合PN结和大容量光电器件

    公开(公告)号:US20120017976A1

    公开(公告)日:2012-01-26

    申请号:US13162186

    申请日:2011-06-16

    IPC分类号: H01L31/06 H01L31/18

    摘要: A solar cell comprising a semiconductor solar cell of a first band gap; a buffer layer formed on a surface of the semiconductor solar cell; and at least one layer of a multiferroic or a ferroelectric material formed on the buffer layer; wherein the at least one layer of a multiferroic or a ferroelectric material has a second bang gap, the first band gap being smaller than the second band gap.

    摘要翻译: 一种太阳能电池,包括具有第一带隙的半导体太阳能电池; 形成在所述半导体太阳能电池的表面上的缓冲层; 以及形成在缓冲层上的至少一层多铁性或铁电材料层; 其中所述多铁性或铁电材料的所述至少一层具有第二凸起间隙,所述第一带隙小于所述第二带隙。