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公开(公告)号：US09523666B2
公开(公告)日：2016-12-20
申请号：US14570401
申请日：2014-12-15
CPC分类号： G01N33/006 , B01J19/002 , B01J2219/02 , C12M41/32 , G01J3/108 , G01J2003/102 , G01N27/4141 , G01N27/4145 , G01N33/0037 , G01N33/0054 , G01N33/0062 , Y02A50/245 , Y02A50/246
摘要： In one embodiment, active (continuous or intermittent) passivation may be employed to prevent interaction of sticky molecules with interfaces inside of an instrument (e.g., an infrared absorption spectrometer) and thereby improve response time. A passivation species may be continuously or intermittently applied to an inlet of the instrument while a sample gas stream is being applied. The passivation species may have a highly polar functional group that strongly binds to either water or polar groups of the interfaces, and once bound presents a non-polar group to the gas phase in order to prevent further binding of polar molecules. The instrument may be actively used to detect the sticky molecules while the passivation species is being applied.
摘要翻译： 在一个实施方案中，可以使用活性（连续或间歇）钝化来防止粘性分子与仪器内部的界面（例如，红外吸收光谱仪）的相互作用，从而提高响应时间。 当应用样品气流时，钝化物质可以连续地或间歇地施加到仪器的入口。 钝化物质可以具有与界面的水或极性基团强烈结合的高极性官能团，并且一旦结合，将非极性基团提供给气相，以防止极性分子的进一步结合。 当施加钝化物质时，该仪器可以被主动用于检测粘性分子。
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公开(公告)号：US09267869B2
公开(公告)日：2016-02-23
申请号：US13961469
申请日：2013-08-07
发明人： John T. Jayne , Douglas R. Worsnop
CPC分类号： G01N1/44 , G01N1/2208 , G01N1/28 , G01N15/0255 , G01N15/0266 , G01N15/1031 , G01N2015/0038 , G01N2015/0046 , G01N2015/1043
摘要： In example embodiments, particle collection efficiency in aerosol analyzers and other particle measuring instruments is improved by a particle capture device that employs multiple collisions to decrease momentum of particles until the particles are collected (e.g., vaporized or come to rest). The particle collection device includes an aperture through which a focused particle beam enters. A collection enclosure is coupled to the aperture and has one or more internal surfaces against which particles of the focused beam collide. One or more features are employed in the collection enclosure to promote particles to collide multiple times within the enclosure, and thereby be vaporized or come to rest, rather than escape through the aperture.
摘要翻译： 在示例实施例中，气溶胶分析仪和其他颗粒测量仪器中的颗粒收集效率通过采用多次碰撞以减少颗粒的动量直到颗粒被收集（例如蒸发或静止）的颗粒捕获装置来改进。 颗粒收集装置包括聚焦粒子束通过该孔进入的孔。 收集罩耦合到孔并且具有一个或多个内表面，聚焦束的颗粒与该内表面碰撞。 在收集罩中采用一个或多个特征以促进颗粒在外壳内多次碰撞，从而被蒸发或进入休息，而不是通过孔逃逸。
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3.发明公开公开(公告)号：US20240094178A1
公开(公告)日：2024-03-21
申请号：US18526541
申请日：2023-12-01
发明人： David D. Nelson, JR. , Scott C. Herndon , Joanne H. Shorter , Joseph R. Roscioli , Elizabeth M. Lunny , Richard A. Wehr
IPC分类号： G01N33/00
CPC分类号： G01N33/005 , G01N33/0013 , G01N33/0016
摘要： In various embodiments, both very high speed and very high sensitivity hydrogen detection is achieved by controlling water vapor concentration over the catalyst used to convert hydrogen in sample gas (e.g., ambient air) to water vapor, to provide a substantially stable water vapor mixing level at a target mixing ratio. The naturally-occurring water vapor in the sample gas, without further steps, typically would vary over time within a wide range (e.g., due to changing atmospheric conditions). By controlling a level of water vapor over the catalyst to be substantially equal to a target mixing ratio that is not too low as to impair response time, and not too high as to impair sensitivity, both very high speed and very high sensitivity can be provided.
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公开(公告)号：US09696283B1
公开(公告)日：2017-07-04
申请号：US15290706
申请日：2016-10-11
发明人： Zhenhong Yu , Paul L. Kebabian , William Brown , James Assif
CPC分类号： G01N29/2418 , G01N21/1702 , G01N29/02 , G01N29/2425 , G01N29/4436 , G01N2021/1704 , G01N2291/021 , G01N2291/02408 , G01N2291/02425
摘要： In one embodiment, a photoacoustic effect measurement instrument for measuring a species (e.g., a species of PM) in a gas employs a pair of differential acoustic cells including a sample cell that receives sample gas including the species, and a reference cell that receives a filtered version of the sample gas from which the species has been substantially removed. An excitation light source provides an amplitude modulated beam to each of the acoustic cells. An array of multiple microphones is mounted to each of the differential acoustic cells, and measures an acoustic wave generated in the respective acoustic cell by absorption of light by sample gas therein to produce a respective signal. The microphones are isolated from sample gas internal to the acoustic cell by a film. A preamplifier determines a differential signal and a controller calculates concentration of the species based on the differential signal.
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公开(公告)号：US09261457B1
公开(公告)日：2016-02-16
申请号：US14538510
申请日：2014-11-11
发明人： David D. Nelson, Jr.
CPC分类号： G01N33/0062 , G01N21/3504 , G01N2021/1723 , G06Q40/02
摘要： In one embodiment, an apparent equilibrium constant involving a clumped isotope in a gaseous sample is measured by acquiring sample spectra of portions of the gaseous sample at different pressures. An external bulb coupled to a sample cell is filled with the gaseous sample. A first portion of the gaseous sample is transferred from the external bulb to the sample cell, where it is at a first pressure. A first sample spectrum is obtained. Then, a second portion of the gaseous sample is transferred from the external bulb to the sample cell, where it is at a second, different pressure. A second sample spectrum is obtained. An apparent equilibrium constant for the clumped isotope is calculated by determining a first isotopic ratio at the first pressure, determining a second isotopic ratio at the second pressure, and taking a product of the first isotopic ratio and the second isotopic ratio.
摘要翻译： 在一个实施方案中，通过在不同压力下获取部分气态样品的样品光谱来测量涉及气态样品中的结块同位素的表观平衡常数。 耦合到样品池的外部灯泡充满气态样品。 气态样品的第一部分从外部灯泡转移到样品池，在那里处于第一压力。 获得第一个样品光谱。 然后，气态样品的第二部分从外部灯泡转移到样品池，在那里它处于第二个不同的压力。 获得第二个样品光谱。 通过确定第一压力下的第一同位素比率，确定第二压力下的第二同位素比率，并获取第一同位素比值和第二同位素比值的乘积来计算结块同位素的表观平衡常数。
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公开(公告)号：US09250175B1
公开(公告)日：2016-02-02
申请号：US14572702
申请日：2014-12-16
发明人： J. Barry McManus
CPC分类号： G01N21/031 , G01J3/021
摘要： In one embodiment, an improved multi-pass cell for a long path-length spectrometer is designed to include a perturbing mirror that causes a base pattern of reflections to be repeated multiple times, where each subsequent base pattern of reflections is rotated about the axis at an angle from a prior base pattern, to circulate the base patters about the cell. The base pattern may be a Herriott cell pattern. The improved multi-pass cell may be constructed with a concave front mirror centered along an axis of the cell, and a concave back mirror centered along the axis and facing the front mirror. The perturbing mirror may be centered along the axis, facing the front mirror and located at a perturbing mirror spacing in front of the back mirror or behind the back mirror, depending on the implementation.
摘要翻译： 在一个实施例中，用于长路径长度光谱仪的改进的多通道单元被设计为包括使反射的基本图案重复多次的扰动反射镜，其中每个随后的基本反射图案围绕轴线旋转 与先前的基本图案形成一个角度，以围绕单元格循环底部图案。 基本图案可以是Herriott细胞图案。 改进的多通道单元可以被构造成具有沿着单元的轴线居中的凹面前反射镜，以及沿着轴线并面向前反射镜的凹面后视镜。 扰动反射镜可以沿轴线对中，面向前反射镜并且位于后视镜前面的扰动反射镜间隔或后反射镜后面，这取决于实施方式。
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7.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20230116043A1
公开(公告)日：2023-04-13
申请号：US18080818
申请日：2022-12-14
IPC分类号： G01N33/00
摘要： In various embodiments, rapid, sensitive detection of molecular hydrogen is achieved by chemically converting hydrogen to water vapor and then detecting the water vapor as a surrogate for the hydrogen. Detection may be enhanced by dampening variation in ambient water vapor and rapidly actively modulating a hydrogen-derived water vapor component. For example, the detector may receive sample gas that includes ambient water vapor and hydrogen, dry the sample gas to dampen variation in the ambient water vapor, divide the sample gas into a chemical conversion flow and a bypass flow, chemically convert hydrogen in the chemical conversion flow to water vapor, alternate between measuring water vapor in the converted chemical conversion flow or the bypass flow to produce a water vapor signal, separate the water vapor signal in the time domain to extract a hydrogen-derived water vapor signal, and output a hydrogen signal based on the hydrogen-derived water vapor signal.
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公开(公告)号：US20220260537A1
公开(公告)日：2022-08-18
申请号：US17178696
申请日：2021-02-18
IPC分类号： G01N33/00
摘要： In various embodiments, rapid, sensitive detection of molecular hydrogen is achieved by receiving sample gas that includes ambient water vapor and hydrogen, passing the sample gas through a gas dryer, chemically converting hydrogen in the sample gas to water vapor to produce converted sample gas, measuring water vapor in the converted sample gas to produce a water vapor signal, separating the water vapor signal in the time domain into an ambient water vapor signal and a hydrogen-derived water vapor signal, wherein the gas dryer dampens variation in the ambient water vapor signal, and outputting a hydrogen signal that describes molecular hydrogen in the sample gas that is based on the hydrogen-derived water vapor signal.
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公开(公告)号：US11802858B2
公开(公告)日：2023-10-31
申请号：US17178696
申请日：2021-02-18
IPC分类号： G01N33/00
CPC分类号： G01N33/005 , G01N33/0013 , G01N33/0016
摘要： In various embodiments, rapid, sensitive detection of molecular hydrogen is achieved by receiving sample gas that includes ambient water vapor and hydrogen, passing the sample gas through a gas dryer, chemically converting hydrogen in the sample gas to water vapor to produce converted sample gas, measuring water vapor in the converted sample gas to produce a water vapor signal, separating the water vapor signal in the time domain into an ambient water vapor signal and a hydrogen-derived water vapor signal, wherein the gas dryer dampens variation in the ambient water vapor signal, and outputting a hydrogen signal that describes molecular hydrogen in the sample gas that is based on the hydrogen-derived water vapor signal.
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公开(公告)号：US20230152220A1
公开(公告)日：2023-05-18
申请号：US18099468
申请日：2023-01-20
IPC分类号： G01N21/3504 , G01N33/00 , G01N31/00
CPC分类号： G01N21/3504 , G01N33/0013 , G01N31/007
摘要： In various embodiments, rapid, sensitive detection of molecular hydrogen is achieved by in a detector that divides sample gas into two flows by dividing the sample gas before dampening variation and converting hydrogen to water vapor at two different points. For example, a detector may receive sample gas that includes ambient water vapor and hydrogen, divide the sample gas into a chemical conversion flow and bypass flow, perform a first chemical conversion of hydrogen in the chemical conversion flow to water vapor, alternate between drying the converted chemical conversion flow or the bypass flow to produce a modulated flow, perform a second chemical conversion of hydrogen in the modulated flow to water vapor, measure water vapor in the converted modulated flow to produce a water vapor signal, separate the water vapor signal in the time domain to extract a hydrogen-derived water vapor signal, and output a hydrogen signal based thereon.
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