摘要:
Improved compositions for coating paper stock, methods of forming such compositions, and methods of coating paper stock with those compositions are provided. The compositions comprise an aqueous dispersion including therein from about 20-45% by weight filler (e.g., a starch such as wheat starch) and from about 6-18% by weight wheat gluten. Preferably, the gluten is initially modified with a reducing agent so that the average molecular weight of the gluten is less than about 1,000 kDa. The compositions have a viscosity of up to about 2000 cP and a solids content of from about 25-57% by weight, thus making them suitable for high speed coating of paper stock. The finished, coated stock may be conventionally printed to achieve high gloss end products. The compositions are preferably water soluble, thereby greatly facilitating repulping of the coated stock.
摘要:
An optical signal is multiplexed for use in a network including a control station, a high data rate optical path connecting the control station to a mode and low data rate optical paths extending from the node to receiving stations. The method of multiplexing includes repeatedly sweeping the source of the optical signal over a wide wavelength range such that a distinct wavelength channel is provided for each receiving station. The sweep rate is equal to the low data rate. At the node, the signal is resolved into constituent wavelength channels having distinct time slots and transmitted via respective low data rate optical paths to the receiving stations.
摘要:
The present invention relates to the introduction of an outstation into an optical network. The optical network has a central station, and a plurality of previously introduced outstations which are optically connected to the central station. The network is operable in: a normal operating state in which data traffic is received from previously introduced outstations at a normal data rate; and, a set-up state in which the transmission of data traffic from the previously introduced outstations is restricted relative to the normal state, the method including the step of: when the network is in the set-up state, performing a set-up operation for introducing the outstation into the optical network, the set-up operation involving the transmission of set-up data from the outstation being introduced, wherein the set-up data is transmitted at a reduced rate relative to the normal operating rate.
摘要:
A protected passive optical communications system includes terminals, a main head end, and a back up head end allowing communication with the terminals when a fault occurs. The main and back up head ends transmit frames that include header and payload portions to the terminals. The main head end normally transmits control instructions in the header and user data in the payload. The back up head end, in response to a fault, transmits control instructions in the payload, and a control message in the header. The control message indicates control instructions in the payload. If a control message is in the header, each terminal interprets the payload as control instructions for changing operational attribute(s) of a terminal. If a control message is not in the header, each terminal interprets the payload as user data that it forwards to external user(s) external based on an address from the user data.
摘要:
A method of allocating switch requests within a packet switch, the method comprising the steps of collecting switch request data at each input port; processing the switch request data for each input port to generate request data for each input port-output port pairing: comparing the number of requests from each input port and to each output port with the maximum request capacity of each input port and each output port; satisfying all requests for those input-output pairs where the total number of requests is less than or equal to the maximum request capacity of each input port and each output port; reducing the number of requests for those input-output pairs where the total number of requests is greater than the maximum request capacity of each input port and each output port such that the number of requests is less than or equal to the maximum request capacity of each input port and each output port; and satisfying the remaining requests. Packets may be switched from an input port to a specified output port in accordance with the allocations obtained with the above method.
摘要:
A passive optical network employs wavelength-dependent routing, and terminals that transmit request packets (requesting a data transmission slot) in a common signalling time slot. Different delays are then applied to packets on different wavelength channels, allowing a number of request packets to be processed in sequence by a single optical receiver at the network controller.
摘要:
A method for recovery of printing ink wastes is provided which greatly minimizes pollution problems attendant to the disposal of ink wastes, while permitting formulation of usable ink products from the wastes. The method involves first creating a flowable stream of material including the ink wastes, and directing this stream to a hydroheater (16) along with incoming steam. In the hydroheater (16), the ink wastes are subjected to elevated temperatures and pressures, and intense shear, creating a homogeneous, flowable output. This output may then be dried and powdered, and the powder may be reconstituted as a black ink suitable for commercial printing operations. If desired, the hydroheater (16) output may be treated in a filter press (252) to obtain a filter cake (258), and this cake (258) may be subsequently subdivided and treated with ink carriers to form a processing ink. In a preferred embodiment, dilute printer washup material containing up to 5% by weight residual ink therein may be directly processed in the hydroheater (16); this eliminates the need for preliminary chemical treatment and sludge formation.
摘要:
Box blank-forming apparatus (60) is provided which includes a feeder assembly (62) and a scoring/slotting assembly (64) each provided with adjustment structure (62a, 64a) to facilitate makeready adjustment of the apparatus (60) between production runs. The feeder assembly (62) preferably includes a reciprocal pusher element (170) operable to successively engage sheets (30) to be formed into box blanks (36). The element (170) is supported by a pair of elongated, threaded, axially rotatable, fore and aft translatable positioning screws (146, 148), so that upon rotation of the screws (146, 148), a reference position of the pusher element (170) may be varied. Adjustment of the assembly (64) is accomplished by means of compensators (292, 294) which are respectively coupled to associated slotter wheel and scoring wheel shafts (288, 286). Operation of the slotter wheel shaft compensator (294) serves to adjust the circumferential positions of the fixed slotter knives (358), whereas operation of the scoring shaft compensator (292) varies the position of the adjustable knives (360) through the medium of transfer gears (384). Servo-sensors (438-442, 446-448 and 270) are used to continuously monitor the lateral and circumferential positions of the scoring/slotting stations (296-304) and a reference position of the pusher element (172), so that precise makeready adjustments can be accomplished.
摘要:
A tunable optical filter includes an array of optical fibre located within a capillary tube and mounted on a solenoid movable support and positioned in front of a lens and diffration grating. The filter provides simultaneous tuning filtering between fibres. By coupling fibres to a ring laser and fibre to an optical receiver simultaneous tuning of a laser and receiver is possible. The filter finds particular application in passive optical networks.
摘要:
A protected passive optical communications system (10), having a plurality of terminals (14), a main head end (22) for communicating with the terminals (14) in an operational state, and, a back up head (37) end arranged to allow communication with the terminals (14) in the event of a fault, the main head end (22) and the back up head end (37) each being operable to transmit a sequence of frames for communicating with the terminals (14), each frame having a header portion and a payload portion, the main head end (22) being arranged, in normal operation, to transmit control instructions in the header portion and user data in the payload portion of each frame, the back up head end (37) being arranged, in response to a fault, to transmit control instructions in the payload portion of a frame, and a control message in the header portion of that frame, which control message is indicative of the presence of control instructions in the payload portion, the terminals being responsive to the control message, such that: in the presence of a control message in the header of a frame, each terminal (14) interprets the payload of that frame as containing control instructions for changing one or more operational attributes of a terminal (14); and, in the absence of a control message in the header portion of a frame, each terminal (14) is arranged to interpret the payload of that frame as containing user data and to forward the user data to one or more users external to the terminal (14), in dependence on an address associated with the user data.