公开(公告)号：US06526463B1

公开(公告)日：2003-02-25

申请号：US09548988

申请日：2000-04-14

申请人： Zhimin Ding ,  Gregory K. Goodhue ,  Ata R. Khan

发明人： Zhimin Ding ,  Gregory K. Goodhue ,  Ata R. Khan

IPC分类号： G06F942

CPC分类号： G06F9/342 ,  G06F9/30043 ,  G06F9/30163 ,  G06F9/30189 ,  G06F9/4486 ,  G06F9/4812

摘要： A processing system with extended addressing capabilities includes a control bit that controls the number of address bytes that are stored onto a program stack. If the control bit is set to a first state, the address is pushed onto the program stack in the same manner as that used for shorter-address legacy devices. If the control bit is set to a second state, the address is pushed onto the program stack using the number of bytes required to contain a longer extended address. This same control bit controls the number of bytes that are popped off the stack upon return from an interrupt subroutine. The state of the control bit is controlled by one or more program instructions, thereby allowing it to assume each state dynamically. This dynamic control of the number of bytes pushed and popped to and from the stack allows for an optimization of stack utilization, and thereby further compatibility with legacy devices and applications.

摘要翻译： 具有扩展寻址能力的处理系统包括控制位，该控制位控制存储在程序堆栈上的地址字节数。 如果控制位设置为第一状态，则以与用于较短地址的传统设备相同的方式将地址推送到程序堆栈。 如果控制位设置为第二个状态，则使用包含较长扩展地址所需的字节数将该地址推送到程序堆栈。 相同的控制位控制从中断子程序返回时从堆栈弹出的字节数。 控制位的状态由一个或多个程序指令控制，从而允许其动态地呈现每个状态。 对堆栈和从堆栈进行弹出的字节数的这种动态控制允许优化堆栈利用率，从而进一步与传统设备和应用程序的兼容性。

公开(公告)号：US06799264B2

公开(公告)日：2004-09-28

申请号：US09788691

申请日：2001-02-20

申请人： Gregory K Goodhue ,  Ata R Khan ,  John H. Wharton ,  Robert Michael Kallal

发明人： Gregory K Goodhue ,  Ata R Khan ,  John H. Wharton ,  Robert Michael Kallal

IPC分类号： G06F906

CPC分类号： G06F9/3814 ,  G06F9/3802 ,  G06F9/381

摘要： A memory accelerator module buffers program instructions and/or data for high speed access using a deterministic access protocol. The program memory is logically partitioned into ‘stripes’, or ‘cyclically sequential’ partitions, and the memory accelerator module includes a latch that is associated with each partition. When a particular partition is accessed, it is loaded into its corresponding latch, and the instructions in the next sequential partition are automatically pre-fetched into their corresponding latch. In this manner, the performance of a sequential-access process will have a known response, because the pre-fetched instructions from the next partition will be in the latch when the program sequences to these instructions. Previously accessed blocks remain in their corresponding latches until the pre-fetch process ‘cycles around’ and overwrites the contents of each sequentially-accessed latch. In this manner, the performance of a loop process, with regard to memory access, will be determined based solely on the size of the loop. If the loop is below a given size, it will be executable without overwriting existing latches, and therefore will not incur memory access delays as it repeatedly executes instructions contained within the latches. If the loop is above a given size, it will overwrite existing latches containing portions of the loop, and therefore require subsequent re-loadings of the latch with each loop. Because the pre-fetch is automatic, and determined solely on the currently accessed instruction, the complexity and overhead associated with this memory acceleration is minimal.

摘要翻译： 存储器加速器模块使用确定性访问协议来缓冲用于高速访问的程序指令和/或数据。 程序存储器在逻辑上被划分为“条带”或“循环顺序”分区，并且存储器加速器模块包括与每个分区相关联的锁存器。 当访问特定分区时，它被加载到其对应的锁存器中，并且下一个顺序分区中的指令被自动预取到其对应的锁存器中。 以这种方式，顺序访问过程的性能将具有已知的响应，因为当程序对这些指令进行排序时，来自下一分区的预取指令将在锁存器中。 先前访问的块保留在其对应的锁存器中，直到预取处理“周转”并覆盖每个顺序访问的锁存器的内容。 以这种方式，关于存储器访问的循环处理的执行将仅基于循环的大小来确定。 如果循环低于一个给定的大小，它将可执行而不会覆盖现有的锁存器，因此它不会因为重复执行包含在锁存器内的指令而引起存储器访问延迟。 如果循环高于给定尺寸，它将覆盖包含循环部分的现有锁存器，因此需要随后每个循环重新加载锁存器。 因为预取是自动的，并且仅根据当前访问的指令确定，与该存储器加速相关联的复杂性和开销是最小的。

公开(公告)号：US06643755B2

公开(公告)日：2003-11-04

申请号：US09788692

申请日：2001-02-20

申请人： Gregory K. Goodhue ,  Ata R. Khan ,  John H. Wharton

发明人： Gregory K. Goodhue ,  Ata R. Khan ,  John H. Wharton

IPC分类号： G06F1200

CPC分类号： G06F9/3814 ,  G06F9/3802 ,  G06F9/381

摘要： A memory access architecture and technique employs multiple independent buffers that are configured to store items from memory sequentially. The memory is logically partitioned, and each independent buffer is associated with a corresponding memory partition. The partitioning is cyclically sequential, based on the total number of buffers, K, and the size of the buffers, N. The first N memory locations are allocated to the first partition; the next N memory locations to the second partition; and so on until the Kth partition. The next N memory locations, after the Kth partition, are allocated to the first partition; the next N locations are allocated to the second partition; and so on. When an item is accessed from memory, the buffer corresponding to the item's memory location is loaded from memory, and a prefetch of the next sequential partition commences to load the next buffer. During program execution, the ‘steady state’ of the buffer contents corresponds to a buffer containing the current instruction, one or more buffers containing instructions immediately following the current instruction, and one or more buffers containing instructions immediately preceding the current instruction. This steady state condition is particularly well suited for executing program loops, or a continuous sequence of program instructions, and other common program structures. The parameters K and N are selected to accommodate typically sized program loops.

摘要翻译： 存储器访问架构和技术采用多个独立缓冲器，其被配置为顺序存储来自存储器的项目。 存储器被逻辑地分区，并且每个独立的缓冲器与相应的存储器分区相关联。 基于缓冲区总数K和缓冲区N的大小，分区是循环的顺序。前N个存储器位置被分配给第一分区; 下一个N个存储器位置到第二个分区; 等等，直到第K个分区。 在第K个分区之后的下一个N个存储单元被分配给第一个分区; 接下来的N个位置被分配给第二分区; 等等。 当从存储器访问项目时，与存储器对应的缓冲区从存储器加载，并且下一个顺序分区的预取开始加载下一个缓冲区。 在程序执行期间，缓冲内容的“稳定状态”对应于包含当前指令的缓冲器，一个或多个缓冲区，其中包含紧跟在当前指令之后的指令，以及一个或多个缓冲区，其中包含紧邻当前指令之前的指令。 这种稳态条件特别适用于执行程序循环，或程序指令的连续序列以及其他通用程序结构。 选择参数K和N以适应通常尺寸的程序循环。

公开(公告)号：US20090106532A1

公开(公告)日：2009-04-23

申请号：US12294223

申请日：2007-03-21

申请人： Ata R. Khan ,  Rob Cosaro ,  Joe Yu

发明人： Ata R. Khan ,  Rob Cosaro ,  Joe Yu

IPC分类号： G06F15/76 ,  G06F9/02

CPC分类号： G06F15/7842 ,  G06F9/30181

摘要： Methods and apparatus suitable for rapid creation and configuration of microcontroller products, which include a microcontroller or similar computational resource, and configurable logic devices are described. Various embodiments of the present invention allow development of new microcontroller-based products and product families in a rapid and cost-effective manner, thereby enabling early entry of such products into the marketplace. An existing microcontroller block and existing configurable logic devices are combined to form a unique product, wherein the microcontroller block is operable to configure the configurable logic devices to form the desired unique hardware characteristics of the microcontroller-based product. The microcontroller block configures the configurable logic devices when the product is reset, and/or when a power-up condition is recognized.

摘要翻译： 描述适用于包括微控制器或类似计算资源的微控制器产品的快速创建和配置的方法和装置以及可配置逻辑装置。 本发明的各种实施例允许以快速且具有成本效益的方式开发新的基于微控制器的产品和产品系列，从而能够将这些产品早日进入市场。 现有的微控制器模块和现有的可配置逻辑器件被组合以形成独特的产品，其中微控制器模块可操作以配置可配置逻辑器件以形成基于微控制器的产品所需的独特硬件特性。 当产品复位时和/或当识别出上电条件时，微控制器模块将配置逻辑器件。

公开(公告)号：US5664156A

公开(公告)日：1997-09-02

申请号：US308058

申请日：1994-09-16

申请人： Johannes Wang ,  Ata R. Khan

发明人： Johannes Wang ,  Ata R. Khan

IPC分类号： G06F9/305 ,  G06F7/76 ,  G06F9/30 ,  G06F9/32 ,  G06F9/455 ,  G06F3/00

CPC分类号： G06F7/76 ,  G06F9/30094

摘要： A microcontroller routs bits of a PSW to and from a bus depending on a mode. Whenever in a mode compatible with a prior generation microcontroller, address and routing circuitry using decoders and multiplexers, during a read operation, places bits of the PSW of the current generation on the bus at a location of the prior generation microcontroller. In a write operator circuitry also moves bits from the bus in an arrangement compatible with the prior generation and stores them in the arrangement of the current generation. The circuitry also allows various units such as the ALU to update the PSW register bits directly without making a bus transfer.

摘要翻译： 根据模式，微控制器将PSW的位与总线进行比较。 无论何时在与先前的微控制器相兼容的模式下，使用解码器和多路复用器的地址和路由电路在读取操作期间，将当前世代的PSW的位置放在上一代微控制器的位置上的总线上。 在一个写操作器电路中，还可以以与上一代兼容的布置从总线移动位，并将它们存储在当前代的排列中。 电路还允许诸如ALU的各种单元直接更新PSW寄存器位而不进行总线传输。

公开(公告)号：US06658553B1

公开(公告)日：2003-12-02

申请号：US09548987

申请日：2000-04-14

申请人： Zhimin Ding ,  Gregory K. Goodhue ,  Ata R. Khan

发明人： Zhimin Ding ,  Gregory K. Goodhue ,  Ata R. Khan

IPC分类号： G06F1200

CPC分类号： G06F9/30043 ,  G06F9/342 ,  G06F12/0623

摘要： A processing system supports memory access based on distinct memory space access instructions as well as universal access instructions that are independent of memory space partitions. Conventional memory-space dependent instructions, such as MOV, MOVX, and MOVC, provide an optimized addressing scheme, and an extended memory-space independent instruction EMOV provides an optimized code efficiency, processing speed, and ease of code generation. A mapping between the discrete memory space partitions and a “universal” memory space allocation is provided. The processing hardware interprets the universal address to determine the corresponding memory space, and provides the access to an address within that memory space.

摘要翻译： 处理系统支持基于不同存储器空间访问指令的存储器访问以及独立于存储器空间分区的通用访问指令。 传统的与存储器空间相关的指令，例如MOV，MOVX和MOVC，提供了优化的寻址方案，扩展的存储空间独立指令EMOV提供了优化的代码效率，处理速度和代码生成的便利性。 提供了离散存储器空间分区与“通用”存储器空间分配之间的映射。 处理硬件解释通用地址以确定相应的存储器空间，并提供对该存储器空间内的地址的访问。

公开(公告)号：US07290119B2

公开(公告)日：2007-10-30

申请号：US10923284

申请日：2004-08-20

申请人： Gregory K. Goodhue ,  Ata R. Khan ,  John H. Wharton ,  Robert Michael Kallal

发明人： Gregory K. Goodhue ,  Ata R. Khan ,  John H. Wharton ,  Robert Michael Kallal

IPC分类号： G06F9/28

CPC分类号： G06F9/3814 ,  G06F9/3802 ,  G06F9/381

摘要： A memory accelerator module buffers program instructions and/or data for high speed access using a deterministic access protocol. The program memory is logically partitioned into ‘stripes’, or ‘cyclically sequential’ partitions, and the memory accelerator module includes a latch that is associated with each partition. When a particular partition is accessed, it is loaded into its corresponding latch, and the instructions in the next sequential partition are automatically pre-fetched into their corresponding latch. In this manner, the performance of a sequential-access process will have a known response, because the pre-fetched instructions from the next partition will be in the latch when the program sequences to these instructions. Previously accessed blocks remain in their corresponding latches until the pre-fetch process ‘cycles around’ and overwrites the contents of each sequentially-accessed latch. In this manner, the performance of a loop process, with regard to memory access, will be determined based solely on the size of the loop. If the loop is below a given size, it will be executable without overwriting existing latches, and therefore will not incur memory access delays as it repeatedly executes instructions contained within the latches. If the loop is above a given size, it will overwrite existing latches containing portions of the loop, and therefore require subsequent re-loadings of the latch with each loop. Because the pre-fetch is automatic, and determined solely on the currently accessed instruction, the complexity and overhead associated with this memory acceleration is minimal.

摘要翻译： 存储器加速器模块使用确定性访问协议来缓冲用于高速访问的程序指令和/或数据。 程序存储器在逻辑上被划分为“条带”或“循环顺序”分区，并且存储器加速器模块包括与每个分区相关联的锁存器。 当访问特定分区时，它被加载到其对应的锁存器中，并且下一个顺序分区中的指令被自动预取到其对应的锁存器中。 以这种方式，顺序访问过程的性能将具有已知的响应，因为当程序对这些指令进行排序时，来自下一分区的预取指令将在锁存器中。 先前访问的块保留在其对应的锁存器中，直到预取处理“周转”并覆盖每个顺序访问的锁存器的内容。 以这种方式，关于存储器访问的循环处理的执行将仅基于循环的大小来确定。 如果循环低于一个给定的大小，它将可执行而不会覆盖现有的锁存器，因此它不会因为重复执行包含在锁存器内的指令而引起存储器访问延迟。 如果循环高于给定尺寸，它将覆盖包含循环部分的现有锁存器，因此需要随后每个循环重新加载锁存器。 因为预取是自动的，并且仅根据当前访问的指令确定，与该存储器加速相关联的复杂性和开销是最小的。

公开(公告)号：US5787299A

公开(公告)日：1998-07-28

申请号：US751281

申请日：1996-11-18

申请人： Farrell L. Ostler ,  Ata R. Khan ,  Gregory K. Goodhue

发明人： Farrell L. Ostler ,  Ata R. Khan ,  Gregory K. Goodhue

IPC分类号： G06F1/22 ,  G06F1/04

CPC分类号： G06F1/22

摘要： A microcontroller with selectable function external pins. Program controllable configuration registers control pin function selection through multiplexers which select between data/address lines and special function unit output lines and which control line drivers which are disabled when the pins are used as input pins.

摘要翻译： 具有可选功能外部引脚的微控制器。 程序可控配置寄存器通过在数据/地址线和特殊功能单元输出线之间进行选择的多路复用器控制引脚功能选择，以及当引脚用作输入引脚时禁用的控制线驱动器。