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公开(公告)号：US4699773A
公开(公告)日：1987-10-13
申请号：US687116
申请日：1984-12-28
Applicant: Klaus Ulrichs , Joseph Hibbel , Volkmar Schmidt , Bernhard Lieder , Heinrich Scheve , Burchard Schulze-Frenking , Wolfgang Hofs , Jurgen Nottebohm
Inventor： Klaus Ulrichs , Joseph Hibbel , Volkmar Schmidt , Bernhard Lieder , Heinrich Scheve , Burchard Schulze-Frenking , Wolfgang Hofs , Jurgen Nottebohm
CPC classification number: C01C1/185
Abstract: A process for the preparation of ammonium nitrate by the reaction of nitric acid with ammonia in two stages at elevated temperature, in which the first stage is carried out at elevated pressure and the second stage is carried out at atmospheric pressure. The heat of neutralization released in the first stage is used to vaporize a portion of the reactor contents, the remaining heat of reaction being utilized to produce steam. The vapor leaving the first stage develops a pressure which controls the valve regulating the amount of heat recovered by steam generation. The valve is opened when the pressure of the vapor exceeds a set value, usually in the range of 3.4 to 4.8 bars. Decomposition products of ammonium nitrate are also measured and override the pressure regulated control of the proporiton of heat recovered by steam generation, so as to maintain ammonium nitrate decomposition within acceptable limits. An apparatus for carrying out the process is also disclosed.
Abstract translation: 通过硝酸与氨在升高的温度下两步反应制备硝酸铵的方法，其中第一阶段在高压下进行，第二阶段在大气压下进行。 第一阶段中释放的中和热用于蒸发反应器内容物的一部分，剩余的反应热用于产生蒸汽。 离开第一阶段的蒸汽产生一个压力，该压力控制阀调节通过蒸汽产生回收的热量。 当蒸汽的压力超过设定值时，阀门打开，通常在3.4至4.8巴的范围内。 还测量硝酸铵的分解产物，并且超越通过蒸汽产生回收的热量的调节的压力调节控制，以便将硝酸铵分解维持在可接受的限度内。 还公开了一种用于执行该过程的装置。
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公开(公告)号：US4523036A
公开(公告)日：1985-06-11
申请号：US533645
申请日：1983-09-16
Applicant: Boy Cornils , Josef Hibbel , Bernhard Lieder , Joachim Much , Volkmar Schmidt , Ernst Wiebus , Werner Konkol
Inventor： Boy Cornils , Josef Hibbel , Bernhard Lieder , Joachim Much , Volkmar Schmidt , Ernst Wiebus , Werner Konkol
CPC classification number: C07C45/50
Abstract: The continuous preparation of aldehydes from olefins and synthesis gas by the use of a water-soluble catalyst system containing rhodium. The reaction takes place at 100 to 30,000 kPa and 90.degree. to 150.degree. C. The proportion of gaseous components in the liquids is 5 to 30% by volume, based on the total gaseous and liquid components, the volume ratio of aqueous to organic parts being 1:1 to 100:1. After completion of the reaction, the liquid components and the gaseous components are separated into a liquid phase and a gaseous phase, then the liquid phase is divided into aqueous and organic parts, separation taking place without previous cooling. The heat contained in the reaction product is either removed by water or steam, or is carried over to the hydroformylation products.
Abstract translation: 通过使用含有铑的水溶性催化剂体系从烯烃和合成气中连续制备醛。 反应在100至30,000kPa和90至150℃下进行。液体中气态组分的比例为5至30体积％，基于总气体和液体组分，水相与有机部分的体积比 为1：1至100：1。 反应完成后，将液体组分和气态组分分离成液相和气相，然后将液相分成水相和有机部分，在没有先前冷却的情况下进行分离。 反应产物中所含的热量可通过水或蒸汽除去，或转移到加氢甲酰化产物中。
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公开(公告)号：US4577043A
公开(公告)日：1986-03-18
申请号：US670357
申请日：1984-11-09
Applicant: Heinz Kalbfell , Bernhard Lieder , Herbert Mercamp
Inventor： Heinz Kalbfell , Bernhard Lieder , Herbert Mercamp
CPC classification number: C07C45/50
Abstract: The preparation of aldehydes by the reaction of olefins with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of water and water-soluble rhodium/phosphine complex compounds as catalysts. The method comprises first cooling the organic part of the liquid phase to 70.degree. to 90.degree. C. in a stripping column by treatment with the carbon monoxide/hydrogen mixture fed into the reactor, further cooling the organic part to 20.degree. to 40.degree. C. by heat exchange with the feed olefin, subsequently relieving the pressure with the consequent formation of waste gas and aqueous and organic phases, and finally separating the phases so as to recover substantially all of the catalyst and the heat of reaction.
Abstract translation: 在水和水溶性铑/膦络合物作为催化剂存在下，通过烯烃与一氧化碳和氢气的反应制备醛类。 该方法包括首先在进料到反应器中的一氧化碳/氢气混合物处理后，在汽提塔中将液相的有机部分冷却至70〜90℃，再将有机部分冷却至20〜40℃ 通过与进料烯烃进行热交换，随后释放压力，从而形成废气和水相和有机相，最后分离相，以便基本上回收所有的催化剂和反应热。
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公开(公告)号：US4541840A
公开(公告)日：1985-09-17
申请号：US521468
申请日：1983-08-08
Applicant: Josef Hibbel , Ulrich Gerhardus , Volkmar Schmidt , Bernhard Lieder , Heinrich Scheve , Erwin Zerres
Inventor： Josef Hibbel , Ulrich Gerhardus , Volkmar Schmidt , Bernhard Lieder , Heinrich Scheve , Erwin Zerres
CPC classification number: C10J3/52 , C10J3/526 , C10J3/76 , C10J3/78 , C10J3/84 , C10J2300/093 , C10J2300/0946 , C10J2300/1628 , C10J2300/1807 , C10J2300/1892 , Y10S48/02
Abstract: The invention relates to a process and a device for the discharge of residues of ash-containing fuels occurring during gasification of coal. The hot mixture of residues and water is separated in a separating chamber, whereby the residues enter a lock vessel situated under the separating chamber. The hot water is recycled to the water bath situated under the gasification reactor. After the lock vessel has been filled with residue, the hot water in the separating chamber is cooled or replaced by cold water. The discharge of the residues is pressureless and is effected by a stream of water flowing through the separating chamber into the lock vessel. Separating chamber and lock vessel remain filled with water at all times.
Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种用于排放在煤气化过程中发生的含灰分燃料残留物的方法和装置。 残留物和水的热混合物在分离室中分离，由此残留物进入位于分离室下方的锁定容器。 将热水循环到位于气化反应器下方的水浴中。 在锁存容器填充残留物之后，分离室中的热水被冷水或用冷水代替。 残留物的排放是无压力的，并且通过流过分离室的水流进入锁定容器来实现。 分离室和锁定容器始终保持充满水。
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5.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4526588A
公开(公告)日：1985-07-02
申请号：US490547
申请日：1983-05-06
Applicant: Jurgen Lusch , Heinrich Heinen , Bernhard Lieder , Volkmar Schmidt , Wolfgang Kolodzey
Inventor： Jurgen Lusch , Heinrich Heinen , Bernhard Lieder , Volkmar Schmidt , Wolfgang Kolodzey
Abstract: A coal-water suspension containing 50 to 75 percent by weight coal, based on the weight of the suspension, the bulk of the coal having a particle size of 50 to 500 .mu.m, the proportion of the particles having a diameter greater than 0.5 mm in the coal being less than 15 percent by weight and the particle size distribution curve of the coal in the Rosin-Rammler particle size distribution grid according to DIN 4190 having a slope of .gtoreq.1; a process for the production of such water-coal suspension which is suitable for use in coal gasification under elevated pressure by mixing lump coal with water directly, the water being added in a concentration just sufficient to form a water-coal dust suspension suitable for the gasification reaction and grinding the resultant suspension in a disc attrition mill, a toothed disc attrition mill or a toothed colloid mill.
Abstract translation: 含有50〜75重量％煤的煤 - 水悬浮液，基于悬浮液的重量，大部分煤的粒径为50〜500μm，直径大于0.5mm的粒子的比例 在小于15重量％的煤中，根据DIN 4190的Rosin-Rammler粒度分布网格中的煤的粒度分布曲线具有> / = 1的斜率; 一种用于生产这种水煤悬浮液的方法，其适用于在高压下通过将块煤与水直接混合而用于煤气化，所加入的水的浓度恰好足以形成适用于水煤灰的水煤灰悬浮液 气化反应并将所得悬浮液研磨在圆盘磨耗机，齿盘磨碎机或带齿胶体磨中。
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Patent Agency Ranking
公开(公告)号：US4481015A
公开(公告)日：1984-11-06
申请号：US382993
申请日：1982-05-28
Applicant: Jurgen Lusch , Bernhard Lieder , Heinrich Heinen , Wolfgang Kolodzey
Inventor： Jurgen Lusch , Bernhard Lieder , Heinrich Heinen , Wolfgang Kolodzey
Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing pumpable coal-water suspensions by grinding pre-comminuted coal with water in a packed column in a ratio corresponding to the composition of the suspension ready for use. The addition of water or coal is controlled by measuring the density of the suspension leaving the mill, and the grain size of the coal particles is controlled by measuring the viscosity of the suspension. The density and viscosity of the coal-water suspension are simultaneously mutually adjusted. The addition of additives to the water is regulated according to the amount of coal added to the mill. The coal-water suspension can be fed to a coal gasification reactor without substantially changing the relative amounts of coal and water in said suspension.
Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种生产可泵送的煤 - 水悬浮液的方法，该方法以与填充塔中的水一起研磨预粉碎的煤，其比例对应于准备使用的悬浮液的组成。 通过测量离开磨机的悬浮液的密度来控制水或煤的添加，并且通过测量悬浮液的粘度来控制煤颗粒的晶粒尺寸。 煤 - 水悬浮液的密度和粘度同时相互调节。 根据添加到研磨机中的煤的量调节添加剂到水中的添加量。 煤 - 水悬浮液可以进料到煤气化反应器，而基本上不改变所述悬浮液中煤和水的相对量。
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7.发明授权Apparatus for sluicing residues from the pressure system of a pressure gasification tank 失效用于从压力气化罐的压力系统中冲洗残留物的装置
公开(公告)号：US4425139A
公开(公告)日：1984-01-10
申请号：US280029
申请日：1981-07-02
Applicant: Volkmar Schmidt , Bernhard Lieder , Heinrich Scheve , Hans Dohren
Inventor： Volkmar Schmidt , Bernhard Lieder , Heinrich Scheve , Hans Dohren
CPC classification number: C10J3/52 , C10J3/526 , C10J3/723 , C10J3/78 , C10J2300/093 , C10J2300/0946 , C10J2300/0956 , C10J2300/0959 , C10J2300/1628 , Y10S48/02
Abstract: An improvement in a process for periodically sluicing residues which are produced when gasifying ash-containing fuels with oxygen or an oxygen-containing composition under a pressure of 10 to 200 bars wherein ash is granulated in a water bath connected to a gasification chamber, suspended in water and passed into a non-pressurized collecting vessel provided with a conveyor is described. The improvement comprises:a. discharging the residue from said water bath which is maintained in fluid communication with said gasification chamber via a lock vessel, said lock vessel being connected to a surge tank which contains water so that the lock vessel remains constantly filled with water;b. equalizing the pressure between said lock vessel and said gasification chamber including said water bath by opening a connection to a process water feed line for said water bath and admitting water therein;c. depressurizing said lock vessel and removing liberated gases (previously dissolved in the water) and steam therefrom by opening a connection between said lock vessel and said surge tank;d. discharging suspended and granulated residues from said lock vessel into a collecting vessel by flushing said lock vessel with an adjustable amount of water flowing from said surge tank; ande. adjusting the water level in the collection vessel during the time the lock vessel is open so that the water level is sufficiently high such that no gas penetrates the lock vessel from the outside and the water level in the lock vessel does not sink.
Abstract translation: 在10至200巴的压力下使氧气或含氧组合物气化含灰分燃料时产生的周期性洗涤残留物的方法的改进，其中灰分在连接到气化室的水浴中制粒，悬浮在 描述了进入设有输送机的非加压收集容器的水。 改进包括：a。 从所述水浴排出残留物，所述水浴通过锁定容器与所述气化室保持流体连通，所述锁定容器连接到包含水的缓冲罐，使得所述锁定容器保持恒定地充满水; b。 通过打开与所述水浴的工艺用水供给管线的连接并允许其中的水来平衡所述锁定容器和包括所述水浴的所述气化室之间的压力; C。 通过打开所述锁定容器和所述缓冲罐之间的连接来减压所述锁定容器并除去已释放的气体（预先溶解在水中）和蒸汽; d。 通过从所述缓冲罐流出的可调节量的水冲洗所述锁定容器，将悬浮和造粒的残余物从所述锁定容器排放到收集容器中; 和e。 在锁船打开期间调整收集容器中的水位，使得水位足够高，使得没有气体从外部渗入锁定容器并且锁定容器中的水位不下沉。
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8.发明授权Process for sluicing residues from the pressure system of a pressure gasification tank 失效从压力气化罐的压力系统中冲洗残留物的方法
公开(公告)号：US4381924A
公开(公告)日：1983-05-03
申请号：US245778
申请日：1981-03-20
Applicant: Volkmar Schmidt , Bernhard Lieder , Heinrich Scheve , Hans Dohren
Inventor： Volkmar Schmidt , Bernhard Lieder , Heinrich Scheve , Hans Dohren
CPC classification number: C10J3/52 , C10J3/526 , C10J3/723 , C10J3/78 , C10J2300/093 , C10J2300/0946 , C10J2300/0956 , C10J2300/0959 , C10J2300/1628 , Y10S48/02
Abstract: An improvement in a process for periodically sluicing residues which are produced when gasifying ash-containing fuels with oxygen or an oxygen-containing composition under a pressure of 10 to 200 bars wherein ash is granulated in a water bath connected to a gasification chamber, suspended in water and passed into a non-pressurized collecting vessel provided with a conveyor is described. The improvement comprises:a. discharging the residue from said water bath which is maintained in fluid communication with said gasification chamber via a lock vessel, said lock vessel being connected to a surge tank which contains water so that the lock vessel remains constantly filled with water;b. equalizing the pressure between said lock vessel and said gasification chamber including said water bath by opening a connection to a process water feed line for said water bath and admitting water therein;c. depressurizing said lock vessel and removing liberated gases (previously dissolved in the water) and steam therefrom by opening a connection between said lock vessel and said surge tank;d. discharging suspended and granulated residues from said lock vessel into a collecting vessel by flushing said lock vessel with an adjustable amount of water flowing from said surge tank; ande. adjusting the water level in the collection vessel during the time the lock vessel is open so that the water level is sufficiently high such that no gas penetrates the lock vessel from the outside and the water level in the lock vessel does not sink.
Abstract translation: 在10至200巴的压力下使氧气或含氧组合物气化含灰分燃料时产生的周期性洗涤残留物的方法的改进，其中灰分在连接到气化室的水浴中制粒，悬浮在 描述了进入设有输送机的非加压收集容器的水。 改进包括：a。 从所述水浴排出残留物，所述水浴通过锁定容器与所述气化室保持流体连通，所述锁定容器连接到包含水的缓冲罐，使得所述锁定容器保持恒定地充满水; b。 通过打开与所述水浴的工艺用水供给管线的连接并允许其中的水来平衡所述锁定容器和包括所述水浴的所述气化室之间的压力; C。 通过打开所述锁定容器和所述缓冲罐之间的连接来减压所述锁定容器并除去已释放的气体（预先溶解在水中）和蒸汽; d。 通过从所述缓冲罐流出的可调节量的水冲洗所述锁定容器，将悬浮和造粒的残余物从所述锁定容器排放到收集容器中; 和e。 在锁船打开期间调整收集容器中的水位，使得水位足够高，使得没有气体从外部渗入锁定容器并且锁定容器中的水位不下沉。
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9.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4310333A
公开(公告)日：1982-01-12
申请号：US130643
申请日：1980-03-17
Applicant: Volkmar Schmidt , Bernhard Lieder , Heinrich Scheve , Hans Dohren
Inventor： Volkmar Schmidt , Bernhard Lieder , Heinrich Scheve , Hans Dohren
CPC classification number: F22B1/1846 , C10J3/00 , C10J3/26 , C10J3/526 , C10J3/78 , C10J3/84 , C10J3/845 , C10J2300/093 , C10J2300/0956 , C10J2300/0959 , C10J2300/1846 , H01L2924/01004 , H01L2924/19042
Abstract: An improvement in the process for the gasification of a solid fuel wherein the solid fuel is at least partially oxidized at a temperature above the melting point of ash of the solid fuel and at a pressure of 10-200 bar where the resultant synthesis gas is thereafter cooled in the presence of combustion residues of the solid fuel, and the combustion residues are thereafter discharged directly, the improvement residing in carrying out the gasification in a gasification zone disposed vertically over and in fluid communication with a radiation zone comprising cooling surfaces, the radiation zone have disposed at the bottom thereof and in fluid communication with the radiation zone a water containing bath. The radiation zone is cylindrical or conical, widens by 0 to 15 degrees towards the bottom, is made in a finned wall construction with a relation of height to diameter of .ltoreq.6:1 and comprises cooling surfaces. A jet centrally placed in the radiation zone for introducing synthesis gas and combustion residues from the gasification zone into the radiation zone at a flow rate of 1-30 m/sec. The effluents from the gasification zone are directed into the radiation zone and into contact with the water containing bath, whereby combustion residues are retained by the bath. Synthesis gas can thereafter be removed from the radiation zone and further cooled in a convection chamber. Also disclosed is an apparatus for carrying out the process.
Abstract translation: 在固体燃料气化过程中的改进，其中固体燃料在高于固体燃料的灰分熔点的温度下至少部分地被氧化并且在10-200巴的压力下，其后所得的合成气 在固体燃料的燃烧残余物的存在下冷却，然后直接排出燃烧残余物，改善位于在与包括冷却表面的辐射区垂直设置并与其流体连通的气化区中进行气化，辐射 区域设置在其底部并与辐射区流体连通的含水浴。 辐射区域为圆柱形或圆锥形，朝向底部加宽0至15度，制成具有高度与直径之比
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10.发明授权Process for producing synthesis gas by partial oxidation of coal-water suspensions 失效通过煤 - 水悬浮液的部分氧化生产合成气的方法
公开(公告)号：US4752303A
公开(公告)日：1988-06-21
申请号：US51185
申请日：1987-05-12
Applicant: Winfried Materne , Bernard Schleper , Josef Hibbel , Volkmar Schmidt , Bernhard Lieder , Ulrich Gerhardus , Heinrich Scheve
Inventor： Winfried Materne , Bernard Schleper , Josef Hibbel , Volkmar Schmidt , Bernhard Lieder , Ulrich Gerhardus , Heinrich Scheve
CPC classification number: C10J3/506 , C10J3/74 , C10J3/78 , C10J2300/0933 , C10J2300/0959 , C10J2300/0973 , C10J2300/1846 , Y10S48/07
Abstract: The present invention describes a process for producing synthesis gas by partial oxidation of carbon-containing particles suspended in water with oxygen at elevated pressures and temperatures of 1000.degree. to 1600.degree. C. Three substance streams are added separately but simultaneously to the reactor. The inner substance stream consists of oxygen or a mixture of oxygen and synthesis gas. The middle substance stream forms a carbon-water suspension, and the outer substance stream carries oxygen or oxygen-containing gases. Due to the fact that these three substance streams intersect at an acute angle, an ideal distribution of the suspension with the gas streams is achieved and an optimum reaction course is ensured. In order to be able to compensate requirement fluctuations during continuous operation, the outlet opening for the carbon-water suspension and the outer gas stream can be correspondingly adapted in a continuous and independent manner.
Abstract translation: 本发明描述了通过在升高的压力和1000℃至1600℃的温度下用氧气悬浮在水中的含碳颗粒的部分氧化来生产合成气的方法。三个物流被分别加入但同时加入到反应器中。 内部物质流由氧或氧气和合成气的混合物组成。 中间物流形成碳 - 水悬浮液，外物流携带氧或含氧气体。 由于这三种物质流以锐角相交，实现了悬浮液与气流的理想分布，并且确保了最佳的反应过程。 为了能够补偿连续运行期间的要求波动，可以以连续和独立的方式相应地适应碳水悬浮液和外部气体流的出口。
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