Abstract:
An electrokinetic pump for pumping a liquid includes a pumping body having a plurality of narrow, short and straight pore apertures for channeling the liquid through the body. A pair of electrodes for applying a voltage differential are formed on opposing surfaces of the pumping body at opposite ends of the pore apertures. The pumping body is formed on a support structure to maintain a mechanical integrity of the pumping body. The pump can be fabricated using conventional semiconductor processing steps. The pores are preferably formed using plasma etching. The structure is oxidized to insulate the structure and also narrow the pores. A support structure is formed by etching a substrate and removing an interface oxide layer. Electrodes are formed to apply a voltage potential across the pumping body. Another method of fabricating an electrokinetic pump includes providing etch stop alignment marks so that the etch step self-terminates.
Abstract:
A liquid cooling system utilizing minimal size and volume enclosures, air pockets, compressible objects, and flexible objects is provided to protect against expansion of water-based solutions when frozen. In such a system, pipes, pumps, and heat exchangers are designed to prevent cracking of their enclosures and chambers. Also described are methods of preventing cracking in a liquid cooling system. In all these cases, the system must be designed to tolerate expansion when water is frozen.
Abstract:
A microchannel heat exchanger coupled to a heat source and configured for cooling the heat source comprising a first set of fingers for providing fluid at a first temperature to a heat exchange region, wherein fluid in the heat exchange region flows toward a second set of fingers and exits the heat exchanger at a second temperature, wherein each finger is spaced apart from an adjacent finger by an appropriate dimension to minimize pressure drop in the heat exchanger and arranged in parallel. The microchannel heat exchanger includes an interface layer having the heat exchange region. Preferably, a manifold layer includes the first set of fingers and the second set of fingers configured within to cool hot spots in the heat source. Alternatively, the interface layer includes the first set and second set of fingers configured along the heat exchange region.
Abstract:
A microchannel heat exchanger coupled to a heat source and configured for cooling the heat source comprising a first set of fingers for providing fluid at a first temperature to a heat exchange region, wherein fluid in the heat exchange region flows toward a second set of fingers and exits the heat exchanger at a second temperature, wherein each finger is spaced apart from an adjacent finger by an appropriate dimension to minimize pressure drop in the heat exchanger and arranged in parallel. The microchannel heat exchanger includes an interface layer having the heat exchange region. Preferably, a manifold layer includes the first set of fingers and the second set of fingers configured within to cool hot spots in the heat source. Alternatively, the interface layer includes the first set and second set of fingers configured along the heat exchange region.
Abstract:
Provided are recombinant constructs comprising DNA sequences encoding enzymes effective in altering the biosynthesis and accumulation of sterol compounds and tocopherols in transgenic plants. Also provided are methods of using such constructs to produce transgenic plants, seeds of which contain elevated levels of sitostanol and/or sitostanol esters, and α-tocopherol, as well as reduced levels of campesterol and campestanol and their corresponding esters. These seeds also contain the novel sterol brassicastanol. Oil obtained from seeds of such transgenic plants is also provided. This oil can be used to prepare food and pharmaceutical compositions effective in lowering the level of low density lipoprotein cholesterol in blood serum. In addition, novel DNA sequences encoding plant steroid 5α-reductases are also disclosed.
Abstract:
The method of the present invention involves first estimating the common gamut of the colors that this printer is expected to reproduce. Two color test targets are defined, each containing a wide range of color patches spanning color space. Preferably comprising color patches which are expected to be outside the gamut of the printer as well as color patches expected to be within the gamut of the printer. The left-to-right test target is printed in single-pass, uni-directional print mode, (printing on left-to-right scans only) and a color calibration table for left-to-right printing is generated. The right-to-left test target is printed in single-pass, unidirectional print mode, (printing on right-to-left scans only) and a color calibration table specific for right-to-left printing is generated. The next step of the present invention involves determining the mathematical intersection of the gamuts produced by printing in left-to-right mode only and by printing in right-to-left mode only. This is done by, first printing the left-to-right test target processed by the color calibration table associated with the primary print direction. Then, printing the right-to-left test target processed by the color calibration table associated with the secondary print direction and comparing each of the corresponding outputs. Colors which are within the gamut of both left-to-right only and right-to-left only printing are identified by their similarity or distance from each other in color space. Thereafter and having obtained the gamut intersection of left-to-right and right-to-left printing modes, new calibration tables are generated for each printing direction with the starting gamut (range of achievable colors) based on a slightly smaller gamut than the gamut intersection identified. In other words, the color gamut, having been clipped in both directions to the intersection of the gamuts, becomes the new gamut for the iterative calibration process.
Abstract:
An automatic wafer loading and pre-alignment system for integrated circuit wafer-mask Aligners. A belt feed track system is employed to transport wafers from a "send" wafer storage carrier to a wafer pre-alignment station. The wafer is machanically pre-aligned with respect to the wafer chuck of the Aligner by means of a roller arm and flat-finder system. After completion of the pre-alignment process, the Aligner turntable is rotated to carry the pre-aligned wafer and chuck to the home position of the turntable and at the same time position another chuck at the pre-alignment station. If the new chuck at the pre-alignment station contains a wafer, the wafer is transported from the chuck to a "receive" wafer storage carrier by means of a belt return track system. The feed and return wafer belt track systems have a common portion between the pre-alignment station and the respective "send" and "receive" wafer storage carriers. Photosensors are used to detect the presence or absence of wafers at critical locations in the loading system and at the pre-alignment station.
Abstract:
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to an apparatus and method for treating a bowel obstruction. An example apparatus includes a first tong element and a second tong element forming a pair of tong elements pivotally connected at a junction point and movable between an opened position and a closed position. Each tong element defines a distal end and a proximal end and a body extending therebetween. The distal end of the first tong element defines a first collection half element and the distal end of the second tong element defines a second collection half element. The first collection half element and the second collection half element form a collection element when the pair of tong elements are in the closed position, which defines an inwardly facing cavity. At least one of an interior of the first collection half element or an interior of the second collection half element define a plurality of grasping teeth.
Abstract:
An electrokinetic pump for pumping a liquid includes a pumping body having a plurality of narrow, short and straight pore apertures for channeling the liquid through the body. A pair of electrodes for applying a voltage differential are formed on opposing surfaces of the pumping body at opposite ends of the pore apertures. The pumping body is formed on a support structure to maintain a mechanical integrity of the pumping body. The pump can be fabricated using conventional semiconductor processing steps. The pores are preferably formed using plasma etching. The structure is oxidized to insulate the structure and also narrow the pores. A support structure is formed by etching a substrate and removing an interface oxide layer. Electrodes are formed to apply a voltage potential across the pumping body. Another method of fabricating an electrokinetic pump includes providing etch stop alignment marks so that the etch step self-terminates.
Abstract:
A high frequency flexure-based dynamometer for measuring vibrations to use in determining cutting forces in a tool is disclosed. The dynamometer device may operate within a pre-selected high frequency range while measuring cutting forces less than about 1 N. The dynamometer may include two coupled flexures that interact to produce vibration modes at the edge of a selected bandwidth of interest. These modes may produce a frequency response function within the desired frequency band that has a magnified response and is substantially constant. The dynamometer may include a workpiece mounted to one of the two flexures and a one or more precision accelerometers mounted to the first or second flexures. Finite element analysis may be used to optimize the flexure design.