Abstract:
Methods for agents useful for treating asthma are disclosed. The methods include screening for agents that inhibit the production of a PKC-θ protein, as well as for agents that inhibit the kinase activity of a PKC-θ protein, or a functional fragment thereof, wherein such agents are useful for treating asthma. The methods also include screening for agents that inhibit the production of a reporter gene product encoded by a nucleic acid sequence operably linked to a PKC-θ promoter. Also disclosed are methods of treating asthma that include administering an agent that inhibits the production of a functional PKC-θ protein or the kinase activity of a PKC-θ protein or a functional fragment thereof. An isolated mast cell lacking expression of endogenous PKC-θ is also disclosed.
Abstract:
A three-dimensional structure of human protein kinase C theta (PKCθ) can be used in methods of designing an agent that interacts with PKCθ. The agent can be an inhibitor of PKCθ activity.
Abstract:
Disclosed are screening assays for identifying compounds which modulate the activity of, or signaling via, B7-4, or PD-1, especially which modulate the binding of B7-4 or PD-1 to a target molecule Further disclosed are a vaccine and also other compositions which contain agents that modulate signaling via PD-1.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a method for modulating an immune response by modulating signaling via PD-1. The immune response may be downregulated by increasing signaling via PD-1, or may be upregulated by decreasing signaling via PD-1. Agents which are useful for stimulating signaling via PD-1 to downregulate an immune response include an activating antibody that recognizes PD-1, a form of B7-4 that binds to an inhibitory receptor, and a small molecule that binds to PD-1. Agents which are useful for inhibiting signaling via PD-1 to upregulate an immune response include a blocking antibody that recognizes PD-1, a non-activating form of B7-4, an antibody that recognizes B7-4, and a soluble form of PD-1. Also disclosed is a method for modulating the interaction of B7-4 with an inhibitory receptor on an immune cell. The method comprises contacting an antigen presenting cell which expresses B7-4 with an agent such as a form of B7-4, a form of PD-1, or an agent that modulates the interaction of B7-4 and PD-1. Also disclosed is a method for inhibiting activation of an immune cell via a non-apoptotic mechanism by increasing the activity or expression of PD-1 in the immune cell. The disclosed methods for modulating an immune response are useful, for instance as therapeutic treatment of a subject with conditions that would benefit from immune response modulation. For instance, a condition such as a tumor, a neurological disease, or an immunosuppressive disease, would be treated by upregulating an immune response, and conditions such as a transplant, an allergy, or an autoimmune disorder would benefit from downregulation of an immune response. Assays for identifying compounds which modulate the activity of, or signaling via, B7-4, or PD-1, especially which modulate the binding of B7-4 or PD-1 to a target molecule are also disclosed. Further disclosed are a vaccine and also other compositions which contain agents that modulate signaling via PD-1.
Abstract:
Disclosed are screening assays for identifying compounds which modulate the activity of, or signaling via, B7-4, or PD-1, especially which modulate the binding of B7-4 or PD-1 to a target molecule.
Abstract:
The present invention provides methods for the assessment, diagnosis, or prognosis of asthma exacerbation, by assessing the level of expression of asthma exacerbation gene products in a sample derived from a patient. The markers of the present invention can be used in methods to identify or evaluate agents capable of modulating marker expression levels in subjects with asthma.
Abstract:
A three-dimensional structure of protein kinase C theta (PKCθ) can be used in methods of designing an agent that interacts with PKCθ. The agent can be an inhibitor of PKCθ activity.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a method for modulating an immune response by modulating signaling via PD-1. The immune response may be downregulated by increasing signaling via PD-1, or may be upregulated by decreasing signaling via PD-1. Agents which are useful for stimulating signaling via PD-1 to downregulate an immune response include an activating antibody that recognizes PD-1, a form of B7-4 that binds to an inhibitory receptor, and a small molecule that binds to PD-1. Agents which are useful for inhibiting signaling via PD-1 to upregulate an immune response include a blocking antibody that recognizes PD-1, a non-activating form of B7-4, an antibody that recognizes B7-4, and a soluble form of PD-1. Also disclosed is a method for modulating the interaction of B7-4 with an inhibitory receptor on an immune cell. The method comprises contacting an antigen presenting cell which expresses B7-4 with an agent such as a form of B7-4, a form of PD-1, or an agent that modulates the interaction of B7-4 and PD-1. Also disclosed is a method for inhibiting activation of an immune cell via a non-apoptotic mechanism by increasing the activity or expression of PD-1 in the immune cell. The disclosed methods for modulating an immune response are useful, for instance as therapeutic treatment of a subject with conditions that would benefit from immune response modulation. For instance, a condition such as a tumor, a neurological disease, or an immunosuppressive disease, would be treated by upregulating an immune response, and conditions such as a transplant, an allergy, or an autoimmune disorder would benefit from downregulation of an immune response. Assays for identifying compounds which modulate the activity of, or signaling via, B7-4, or PD-1, especially which modulate the binding of B7-4 or PD-1 to a target molecule are also disclosed. Further disclosed are a vaccine and also other compositions which contain agents that modulate signaling via PD-1.