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    THERMAL TREATMENT PROCESS FOR TOBACCO MATERIALS
    3.
    发明申请
    THERMAL TREATMENT PROCESS FOR TOBACCO MATERIALS 有权
    烟草材料热处理工艺

    公开(公告)号：US20120060854A1

    公开(公告)日：2012-03-15

    申请号：US13228912

    申请日：2011-09-09

    申请人： Gong Chen ,  Anthony Richard Gerardi ,  John-Paul Mua ,  Darrell Eugene Holton, JR. ,  Daniel Verdin Cantrell ,  Frank Kelley St. Charles ,  Cheryl Cooper Scott

    发明人： Gong Chen ,  Anthony Richard Gerardi ,  John-Paul Mua ,  Darrell Eugene Holton, JR. ,  Daniel Verdin Cantrell ,  Frank Kelley St. Charles ,  Cheryl Cooper Scott

    IPC分类号： A24B15/24 ,  A24B15/10

    CPC分类号： A24B15/302 ,  A24B15/20 ,  A24B15/306

    摘要： A method of thermally processing a tobacco material is provided, the method including the steps of (i) mixing a tobacco material, water, and an additive selected from the group consisting of lysine, glycine, histidine, alanine, methionine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, proline, phenylalanine, valine, arginine, di- and trivalent cations, asparaginase, saccharides, phenolic compounds, reducing agents, compounds having a free thiol group, oxidizing agents, oxidation catalysts, plant extracts, and combinations thereof, to form a moist tobacco mixture; (ii) heating the moist tobacco mixture at a temperature of at least about 60° C. to form a heat-treated tobacco mixture; and (iii) incorporating the heat-treated tobacco mixture into a tobacco product. Heat-treated tobacco composition prepared according to the method are also provided, such as heat-treated smokeless tobacco composition comprising a tobacco material, water, flavorant, binder, and filler, the heat-treated smokeless tobacco composition having an acrylamide content of less than about 2000 ppb.

    摘要翻译： 提供了一种热处理烟草材料的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：（i）将烟草材料，水和选自赖氨酸，甘氨酸，组氨酸，丙氨酸，甲硫氨酸，谷氨酸，天冬氨酸的添加剂混合 酸，脯氨酸，苯丙氨酸，缬氨酸，精氨酸，二价和三价阳离子，天冬酰胺酶，糖类，酚类化合物，还原剂，具有游离巯基的化合物，氧化剂，氧化催化剂，植物提取物及其组合， 烟草混合物; （ii）在至少约60℃的温度下加热潮湿的烟草混合物以形成经热处理的烟草混合物; 和（iii）将经热处理的烟草混合物并入烟草制品中。 还提供了根据该方法制备的热处理烟草组合物，例如包含烟草材料，水，香料，粘合剂和填料的热处理无烟烟草组合物，所述热处理的无烟烟草组合物的丙烯酰胺含量小于 约2000 ppb

    Framework for joint analysis and design of server provisioning and load dispatching for connection-intensive server
    4.
    发明授权
    Framework for joint analysis and design of server provisioning and load dispatching for connection-intensive server 有权
    用于连接密集型服务器的服务器配置和负载调度的联合分析和设计框架

    公开(公告)号：US08051174B2

    公开(公告)日：2011-11-01

    申请号：US12041478

    申请日：2008-03-03

    申请人： Lin Xiao ,  Jie Liu ,  Suman Kumar Nath ,  Leonidas Rigas ,  Feng Zhao ,  Gong Chen ,  Wenbo He

    发明人： Lin Xiao ,  Jie Liu ,  Suman Kumar Nath ,  Leonidas Rigas ,  Feng Zhao ,  Gong Chen ,  Wenbo He

    IPC分类号： G06F15/173

    CPC分类号： H04L41/5054 ,  H04L41/0806 ,  H04L41/147 ,  H04L67/1002

    摘要： The claimed subject matter provides a system and/or a method that facilitates managing a number of active servers in a cluster. A forecast component can predict at least one of login rate or number of connections in the cluster at a future time. A dynamic load analysis component can evaluate dynamic behaviors in login rate and number of connections in the cluster as a result of load dispatching. Moreover, a provisioning component can determine a number of servers in the cluster needed based at least in part on the prediction and dynamic behavior analysis. In addition, the provisioning component can include an additional margin in the number of servers needed in accordance with multiplicative factors.

    摘要翻译： 所要求保护的主题提供了有助于管理群集中的多个活动服务器的系统和/或方法。 预测组件可以在将来的时间预测群集中的登录速率或连接数中的至少一个。 动态负载分析组件可以通过负载调度来评估集群中登录速率和连接数的动态行为。 此外，配置组件可以至少部分地基于预测和动态行为分析来确定所需的群集中的服务器数量。 此外，配置组件可以包括根据乘法因子所需的服务器数量的额外余量。

    THERMAL TREATMENT PROCESS FOR TOBACCO MATERIALS
    5.
    发明申请
    THERMAL TREATMENT PROCESS FOR TOBACCO MATERIALS 有权
    烟草材料热处理工艺

    公开(公告)号：US20100300463A1

    公开(公告)日：2010-12-02

    申请号：US12476621

    申请日：2009-06-02

    申请人： Gong Chen ,  Anthony Richard Gerardi ,  John-Paul Mua ,  Darrell Eugene Holton, JR. ,  Daniel Verdin Cantrell ,  Frank Kelley St. Charles

    发明人： Gong Chen ,  Anthony Richard Gerardi ,  John-Paul Mua ,  Darrell Eugene Holton, JR. ,  Daniel Verdin Cantrell ,  Frank Kelley St. Charles

    IPC分类号： A24B15/00 ,  A24B3/00

    CPC分类号： A24B15/00 ,  A24B15/302 ,  A24B15/306

    摘要： A method of thermally processing a tobacco material is provided, the method including the steps of (i) mixing a tobacco material, water, and an additive selected from the group consisting of lysine, glycine, histidine, alanine, methionine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, proline, phenylalanine, valine, arginine, di- and trivalent cations, asparaginase, saccharides, phenolic compounds, reducing agents, compounds having a free thiol group, oxidizing agents, oxidation catalysts, plant extracts, and combinations thereof, to form a moist tobacco mixture; (ii) heating the moist tobacco mixture at a temperature of at least about 60° C. to form a heat-treated tobacco mixture; and (iii) incorporating the heat-treated tobacco mixture into a tobacco product. Heat-treated tobacco composition prepared according to the method are also provided, such as heat-treated smokeless tobacco composition comprising a tobacco material, water, flavorant, binder, and filler, the heat-treated smokeless tobacco composition having an acrylamide content of less than about 2000 ppb.

    摘要翻译： 提供了一种热处理烟草材料的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：（i）将烟草材料，水和选自赖氨酸，甘氨酸，组氨酸，丙氨酸，甲硫氨酸，谷氨酸，天冬氨酸的添加剂混合 酸，脯氨酸，苯丙氨酸，缬氨酸，精氨酸，二价和三价阳离子，天冬酰胺酶，糖类，酚类化合物，还原剂，具有游离巯基的化合物，氧化剂，氧化催化剂，植物提取物及其组合， 烟草混合物; （ii）在至少约60℃的温度下加热潮湿的烟草混合物以形成经热处理的烟草混合物; 和（iii）将经热处理的烟草混合物并入烟草制品中。 还提供了根据该方法制备的热处理烟草组合物，例如包含烟草材料，水，香料，粘合剂和填料的热处理无烟烟草组合物，所述热处理的无烟烟草组合物的丙烯酰胺含量小于 约2000 ppb

    LOAD SKEWING FOR POWER-AWARE SERVER PROVISIONING
    6.
    发明申请
    LOAD SKEWING FOR POWER-AWARE SERVER PROVISIONING 有权
    用于功率服务器提供的负载冲击

    公开(公告)号：US20090222562A1

    公开(公告)日：2009-09-03

    申请号：US12041487

    申请日：2008-03-03

    申请人： Jie Liu ,  Lin Xiao ,  Jeremy Eric Elson ,  Suman Kumar Nath ,  Leonidas Rigas ,  Feng Zhao ,  Gong Chen ,  Wenbo He

    发明人： Jie Liu ,  Lin Xiao ,  Jeremy Eric Elson ,  Suman Kumar Nath ,  Leonidas Rigas ,  Feng Zhao ,  Gong Chen ,  Wenbo He

    IPC分类号： G06F15/16

    CPC分类号： H04L67/1031 ,  H04L67/1002 ,  H04L67/1025 ,  H04L67/1034

    摘要： The claimed subject matter provides a system and/or a method facilitates energy-aware connection distribution among a plurality of servers in a cluster. A set of busy servers in the cluster can be provided that each handle a high number of connections. In addition, a set of tail servers in the cluster can be managed that each maintain a low number of connections. A load skewing component gives priority to at least a subset of the set of busy servers when dispatching new connection requests from a plurality of users. In addition, the load skewing component controls the number of tail servers to maintain a sufficient number for energy-aware operation.

    摘要翻译： 所要求保护的主题提供了一种系统和/或方法促进群集中的多个服务器之间的能量感知连接分配。 可以提供群集中的一组繁忙的服务器，每个处理大量连接。 此外，可以管理集群中的一组尾部服务器，每个尾部服务器维护低数量的连接。 当从多个用户发送新的连接请求时，负载偏移组件优先考虑该组繁忙服务器的至少一个子集。 此外，负载偏移组件控制尾部服务器的数量以维持足够的数量用于能量感知操作。

    LED driving circuit
    7.
    发明申请
    LED driving circuit 有权

    公开(公告)号：US20060138971A1

    公开(公告)日：2006-06-29

    申请号：US11022588

    申请日：2004-12-27

    申请人： Chii-Maw Uang ,  Wen-Gong Chen

    发明人： Chii-Maw Uang ,  Wen-Gong Chen

    IPC分类号： H05B37/02

    CPC分类号： H05B33/0821 ,  H05B33/0803

    摘要： An LED driving circuit that is directly activated by an AC power supply is disclosed. A driving circuit has a first and second pair of opposite branches. The first pair of opposite branches operates in a positive half cycle of the AC power supply and the second pair of branches operates in a negative half cycle of the AC power supply, so the lighting time for each LED is less than a half cycle time, in other words, the time for heat dissipation is prolonged.

    Apparatus and method for suppressing diesel engine emissions
    8.
    发明授权
    Apparatus and method for suppressing diesel engine emissions 有权
    用于抑制柴油发动机排放的装置和方法

    公开(公告)号：US07051715B2

    公开(公告)日：2006-05-30

    申请号：US10308837

    申请日：2002-12-03

    申请人： Gong Chen ,  Bertrand Dahung Hsu ,  Robert Douglas Cryer

    发明人： Gong Chen ,  Bertrand Dahung Hsu ,  Robert Douglas Cryer

    IPC分类号： F02M37/04

    CPC分类号： F02D31/007 ,  F02B3/06 ,  F02B75/22 ,  F02D41/083

    摘要： A method of controlling fuel injection timing in a compression ignition engine including at least one cylinder. The method includes monitoring a parameter indicative of a commanded operating speed of the engine corresponding to an engine throttle notch and monitoring a parameter indicative of the actual operating speed of the engine. When the commanded engine speed exceeds the actual engine speed, the fuel injection timing for the engine may be advanced to reduce emissions.

    摘要翻译： 一种控制包括至少一个气缸的压缩点火发动机中的燃料喷射正时的方法。 该方法包括监测指示与发动机节气门口对应的发动机的指令操作速度的参数并监视指示发动机的实际运行速度的参数。 当指令的发动机转速超过实际的发动机转速时，发动机的燃料喷射正时可以被提前以减少排放。

    Reduced emissions elevated altitude diesel fuel injection timing control
    9.
    发明授权
    Reduced emissions elevated altitude diesel fuel injection timing control 有权
    降低排放升高高度柴油燃料喷射正时控制

    公开(公告)号：US06286480B1

    公开(公告)日：2001-09-11

    申请号：US09389742

    申请日：1999-09-07

    申请人： Gong Chen ,  Bertrand Dahung Hsu

    发明人： Gong Chen ,  Bertrand Dahung Hsu

    IPC分类号： F02M3704

    CPC分类号： F02D41/401 ,  F02D2200/703 ,  Y02T10/44

    摘要： A fuel injection timing control system for diesel engines operating at high altitude includes a barometric sensor coupled to an altitude timing controller, and a throttle position sensor coupled to the engine and the altitude timing controller. The altitude timing controller adjusts fuel injection timing in response to the sensed pressure and sensed throttle position by advancing or retarding fuel injection timing by predetermined values as barometric pressure and/or throttle position changes. The predetermined values are selected to reduce exhaust emissions and/or increase engine efficiency and performance under various barometric pressure conditions so that the engine may be operated continually and optimally under various barometric conditions.

    摘要翻译： 用于在高空作业的柴油发动机的燃料喷射正时控制系统包括耦合到高度计时控制器的气压传感器和耦合到发动机和高度计时控制器的节气门位置传感器。 高度计时控制器响应于感测的压力和感测到的节气门位置，通过将燃料喷射正时推进或延迟预定值（大气压力和/或节气门位置变化）来调节燃料喷射正时。 选择预定值以减少废气排放和/或在各种大气压力条件下提高发动机效率和性能，使得发动机可以在各种气压条件下连续和最佳地操作。

    Method and system for controlling a compression ignition engine during partial load conditions to reduce exhaust emissions
    10.
    发明授权
    Method and system for controlling a compression ignition engine during partial load conditions to reduce exhaust emissions 有权
    在部分负荷条件下控制压缩点火发动机以减少废气排放的方法和系统

    公开(公告)号：US06283100B1

    公开(公告)日：2001-09-04

    申请号：US09553411

    申请日：2000-04-20

    申请人： Gong Chen ,  Michael Shawn Gallagher ,  Eric Dillen

    发明人： Gong Chen ,  Michael Shawn Gallagher ,  Eric Dillen

    IPC分类号： F02D2302

    CPC分类号： F02B29/0437 ,  F02B29/0493 ,  F02D23/02 ,  Y02T10/144 ,  Y02T10/146

    摘要： A method and system for controlling a compression ignition engine in railroad locomotives and other land or marine-based large propulsion or power generation equipment operable in a selected one of a plurality of engine throttle notches is provided. Each throttle notch is indicative of a respective load condition of the engine. The engine has an intercooling system using a predetermined cooling fluid and the engine is configured to receive a predetermined combustion-supporting fluid (e.g., air) into a plurality of cylinders through respective intake manifolds. The method allows for sensing the selected throttle notch, and for selectively actuating the intercooling system to adjust a predetermined operational parameter (e.g., intake manifold air temperature) based on the sensed throttle notch and/or environmental conditions.

    摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于控制铁路机车中的压燃式发动机的方法和系统，以及可在多个发动机节气门切口中选定的一个中操作的其他陆地或海洋大型推进或发电设备。 每个油门切口表示发动机的各自的负载状态。 发动机具有使用预定冷却流体的中间冷却系统，并且发动机构造成通过相应的进气歧管将预定的燃烧支持流体（例如，空气）接收到多个气缸中。 该方法允许感测所选择的节气门口，并且用于选择性地致动中间冷却系统以基于感测到的节气门口和/或环境条件来调节预定的操作参数（例如，进气歧管空气温度）。