公开(公告)号：US20120048368A1

公开(公告)日：2012-03-01

申请号：US13223351

申请日：2011-09-01

申请人： Sumit Chaudhary ,  Kai-Ming Ho ,  Joong-Mok Park ,  Kanwar Singh Nalwa ,  Wai Y. Leung

发明人： Sumit Chaudhary ,  Kai-Ming Ho ,  Joong-Mok Park ,  Kanwar Singh Nalwa ,  Wai Y. Leung

IPC分类号： H01L31/0232 ,  H01L31/0224

CPC分类号： H01L31/0236 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  H01L51/0036 ,  H01L51/0037 ,  H01L51/0047 ,  H01L51/4253 ,  H01L51/447 ,  Y02E10/549

摘要： A three-dimensional, microscale-textured, grating-shaped organic solar cell geometry. The solar cells are fabricated on gratings to give them a three-dimensional texture that provides enhanced light absorption. Introduction of microscale texturing has a positive effect on the overall power conversion efficiency of the devices. This grating-based solar cell having a grating of pre-determined pitch and height has shown improved power-conversion efficiency over a conventional flat solar cell. The improvement in efficiency is accomplished by homogeneous coverage of the grating with uniform thickness of the active layer, which is attributed to a sufficiently high pitch and low height of the underlying gratings. Also the microscale texturing leads to suppressed reflection of incident light due to the efficient coupling of the incident light into modes that are guided in the active layer.

摘要翻译： 三维，微米纹理，格子状的有机太阳能电池几何。 太阳能电池在光栅上制造，以给它们提供增强的光吸收的三维纹理。 介绍微尺寸纹理对器件的整体功率转换效率有积极的影响。 具有预定间距和高度的光栅的该基于光栅的太阳能电池已经显示出比传统平板太阳能电池提高的功率转换效率。 效率的提高通过具有均匀厚度的有源层的光栅的均匀覆盖来实现，其归因于下面的光栅的足够高的间距和低的高度。 此外，由于将入射光有效地耦合到在有源层中引导的模式，微尺度纹理导致入射光的抑制反射。

公开(公告)号：US20110203656A1

公开(公告)日：2011-08-25

申请号：US13026637

申请日：2011-02-14

申请人： Ping Kuang ,  Joong-Mok Park ,  Wai Leung ,  Kai-Ming Ho ,  Kristen P. Constant ,  Sumit Chaudhary

发明人： Ping Kuang ,  Joong-Mok Park ,  Wai Leung ,  Kai-Ming Ho ,  Kristen P. Constant ,  Sumit Chaudhary

IPC分类号： H01L31/0224 ,  H01L23/48 ,  H01L21/768 ,  H01L31/18

CPC分类号： H01L51/442 ,  G02B5/1857 ,  H01L31/022425 ,  H01L31/022466 ,  H01L31/1884 ,  H01L33/62 ,  H01L51/5221 ,  H01L2924/0002 ,  Y02E10/549 ,  H01L2924/00

摘要： Nanoscale high-aspect-ratio metallic structures and methods are presented. Such structures may form transparent electrode to enhance the performance of solar cells and light-emitting diodes. These structures can be used as infrared control filters because they reflect high amounts of infrared radiation. A grating structure of polymeric bars affixed to a transparent substrate is used. The sides of the bars are coated with metal forming nanowires. Electrodes may be configured to couple to a subset of the rails forming interdigitated electrodes. Encapsulation is used to improve transparency and transparency at high angles. The structure may be inverted to facilitate fabrication of a solar cell or other device on the back-side of the structure. Multiple layered electrodes having an active layer sandwiched between two conductive layers may be used. Layered electro-active layers may be used to form a smart window where the structure is encapsulated between glass to modify the incoming light.

摘要翻译： 提出了纳米级高纵横比的金属结构和方法。 这种结构可以形成透明电极以增强太阳能电池和发光二极管的性能。 这些结构可以用作红外线控制滤光片，因为它们反映了大量的红外辐射。 使用固定在透明基板上的聚合物条的光栅结构。 棒的侧面涂有金属成形纳米线。 电极可以被配置为耦合到形成叉指电极的轨道的子集。 封装用于提高高角度的透明度和透明度。 可以将结构倒置以便于在结构的背面上制造太阳能电池或其它装置。 可以使用具有夹在两个导电层之间的有源层的多层电极。 可以使用层状电活性层来形成智能窗口，其中结构被封装在玻璃之间以修改入射光。

公开(公告)号：US06593894B1

公开(公告)日：2003-07-15

申请号：US09961791

申请日：2001-09-24

申请人： Rana Biswas ,  Gary L. Tuttle ,  Ekmel Ozbay ,  Burak Temelkuran ,  Mihail Sigalas ,  Kai Ming Ho

发明人： Rana Biswas ,  Gary L. Tuttle ,  Ekmel Ozbay ,  Burak Temelkuran ,  Mihail Sigalas ,  Kai Ming Ho

IPC分类号： H01Q928

CPC分类号： H01Q15/006

摘要： A directional antenna made with photonic band gap structures has been presented. The directional antenna is formed with two photonic band gap structures oriented back to back and separated from each other by a distance to form a resonant cavity between the photonic band gap structures. An antenna element is placed in the resonant cavity. The resonant frequency of the cavity is tuned by adjusting the distance between the photonic band gap structures. The resonant cavity can be asymmetrical or symmetrical.

摘要翻译： 已经提出了用光子带隙结构制成的定向天线。 定向天线形成有两个光子带隙结构，其背靠背取向并且彼此分开一定距离，以在光子带隙结构之间形成谐振腔。 天线元件放置在谐振腔中。 通过调整光子带隙结构之间的距离来调谐空腔的谐振频率。 谐振腔可以是不对称的或对称的。

公开(公告)号：US06339030B1

公开(公告)日：2002-01-15

申请号：US09477191

申请日：2000-01-05

申请人： Kristen Constant ,  Ganapathi S. Subramania ,  Rana Biswas ,  Kai-Ming Ho

发明人： Kristen Constant ,  Ganapathi S. Subramania ,  Rana Biswas ,  Kai-Ming Ho

IPC分类号： H01L2131

CPC分类号： G02B6/1225 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  Y10S257/918

摘要： A method for forming a periodic dielectric structure exhibiting photonic band gap effects includes forming a slurry of a nano-crystalline ceramic dielectric or semiconductor material and monodisperse polymer microspheres, depositing a film of the slurry on a substrate, drying the film, and calcining the film to remove the polymer microspheres therefrom. The film may be cold-pressed after drying and prior to calcining. The ceramic dielectric or semiconductor material may be titania, and the polymer microspheres may be polystyrene microspheres.

摘要翻译： 形成表现出光子带隙效应的周期性电介质结构的方法包括形成纳米晶体陶瓷电介质或半导体材料和单分散聚合物微球的浆料，将浆料膜沉积在基底上，干燥膜并煅烧该膜 从其中除去聚合物微球。 干燥后，煅烧前可以将薄膜冷压。 陶瓷电介质或半导体材料可以是二氧化钛，聚合物微球可以是聚苯乙烯微球。

公开(公告)号：US09400219B2

公开(公告)日：2016-07-26

申请号：US12754657

申请日：2010-04-06

申请人： Jae-Hwang Lee ,  Kai-Ming Ho ,  Kristen P. Constant

发明人： Jae-Hwang Lee ,  Kai-Ming Ho ,  Kristen P. Constant

IPC分类号： H01L35/02 ,  G01J5/52 ,  G01J3/10 ,  H02S10/30

CPC分类号： G01J5/522 ,  G01J3/108 ,  H02S10/30

摘要： Metallic thermal emitters consisting of two layers of differently structured nickel gratings on a homogeneous nickel layer are fabricated by soft lithography and studied for polarized thermal radiation. A thermal emitter in combination with a sub-wavelength grating shows a high extinction ratio, with a maximum value close to 5, in a wide mid-infrared range from 3.2 to 7.8 μm, as well as high emissivity up to 0.65 at a wavelength of 3.7 μm. All measurements show good agreement with theoretical predictions. Numerical simulations reveal that a high electric field exists within the localized air space surrounded by the gratings and the intensified electric-field is only observed for the polarizations perpendicular to the top sub-wavelength grating. This result suggests how the emissivity of a metal can be selectively enhanced at a certain range of wavelengths for a given polarization.

摘要翻译： 通过软光刻制造在均质镍层上由两层不同结构的镍光栅组成的金属热发射体，并研究了偏振热辐射。 与亚波长光栅组合的热发射器在3.2至7.8μm的宽中红外范围内具有高消光比，最大值接近5，以及波长为0.65的高发射率 3.7μm。 所有测量结果与理论预测表现出良好的一致性。 数值模拟表明，在由光栅包围的局部空气空间内存在高电场，仅对垂直于顶部亚波长光栅的偏振观察到强化电场。 该结果表明，对于给定的极化，金属的发射率如何可以在特定波长范围内选择性地增强。

公开(公告)号：US20100294325A1

公开(公告)日：2010-11-25

申请号：US12754657

申请日：2010-04-06

申请人： Jae-Hwang Lee ,  Kai-Ming Ho ,  Kristen P. Constant

发明人： Jae-Hwang Lee ,  Kai-Ming Ho ,  Kristen P. Constant

IPC分类号： H01L35/02 ,  G01J3/10

CPC分类号： G01J5/522 ,  G01J3/108 ,  H02S10/30

摘要： Metallic thermal emitters consisting of two layers of differently structured nickel gratings on a homogeneous nickel layer are fabricated by soft lithography and studied for polarized thermal radiation. A thermal emitter in combination with a sub-wavelength grating shows a high extinction ratio, with a maximum value close to 5, in a wide mid-infrared range from 3.2 to 7.8 μm, as well as high emissivity up to 0.65 at a wavelength of 3.7 μm. All measurements show good agreement with theoretical predictions. Numerical simulations reveal that a high electric field exists within the localized air space surrounded by the gratings and the intensified electric-field is only observed for the polarizations perpendicular to the top sub-wavelength grating. This result suggests how the emissivity of a metal can be selectively enhanced at a certain range of wavelengths for a given polarization.

摘要翻译： 通过软光刻制造在均质镍层上由两层不同结构的镍光栅组成的金属热发射体，并研究了偏振热辐射。 与亚波长光栅组合的热发射器在3.2至7.8μm的宽中红外范围内具有高消光比，最大值接近5，以及波长为0.65的高发射率 3.7μm。 所有测量结果与理论预测表现出良好的一致性。 数值模拟表明，在由光栅包围的局部空气空间内存在高电场，仅对垂直于顶部亚波长光栅的偏振观察到强化电场。 该结果表明，对于给定的极化，金属的发射率如何可以在特定波长范围内选择性地增强。

公开(公告)号：US06555406B1

公开(公告)日：2003-04-29

申请号：US10081729

申请日：2002-02-22

申请人： Wai Leung ,  Kristen Constant ,  Kai-Ming Ho ,  Mihail Sigalas ,  Henry Kang ,  Chang Hwan Kim ,  David Cann ,  Jae Hwang Lee

发明人： Wai Leung ,  Kristen Constant ,  Kai-Ming Ho ,  Mihail Sigalas ,  Henry Kang ,  Chang Hwan Kim ,  David Cann ,  Jae Hwang Lee

IPC分类号： H01L2100

CPC分类号： B82Y20/00 ,  G02B6/1225 ,  G02B6/13

摘要： A method of manufacturing photonic band gap structures operable in the optical spectrum has been presented. The method comprises the steps of creating a patterned template for an elastomeric mold, fabricating an elastomeric mold from poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) or other suitable polymer, filling the elastomeric mold with a second polymer such as epoxy or other suitable polymer, stamping the second polymer by making contact with a substrate or multilayer structure, removing the elastomeric mold, infiltrating the multilayer structure with ceramic or metal, and heating the multilayer structure to remove the second polymer to form a photonic band gap structure.

摘要翻译： 已经提出了在光谱中可操作的制造光子带隙结构的方法。 该方法包括以下步骤：创建用于弹性体模具的图案化模板，由聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）或其它合适的聚合物制造弹性体模具，用第二聚合物如环氧树脂或其它合适的聚合物填充弹性体模具， 聚合物通过与基底或多层结构接触，去除弹性体模具，用陶瓷或金属渗透多层结构，并加热多层结构以除去第二聚合物以形成光子带隙结构。

公开(公告)号：US5406573A

公开(公告)日：1995-04-11

申请号：US151274

申请日：1993-11-12

申请人： Ekmel Ozbay ,  Gary Tuttle ,  Erick Michel ,  Kai-Ming Ho ,  Rana Biswas ,  Che-Ting Chan ,  Costas Soukoulis

发明人： Ekmel Ozbay ,  Gary Tuttle ,  Erick Michel ,  Kai-Ming Ho ,  Rana Biswas ,  Che-Ting Chan ,  Costas Soukoulis

IPC分类号： G02B6/122 ,  G02B6/136 ,  H01S3/18

CPC分类号： G02B6/1225 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  G02B6/136

摘要： A method for fabricating a periodic dielectric structure which exhibits a photonic band gap. Alignment holes are formed in a wafer of dielectric material having a given crystal orientation. A planar layer of elongate rods is then formed in a section of the wafer. The formation of the rods includes the step of selectively removing the dielectric material of the wafer between the rods. The formation of alignment holes and layers of elongate rods and wafers is then repeated to form a plurality of patterned wafers. A stack of patterned wafers is then formed by rotating each successive wafer with respect to the next-previous wafer, and then placing the successive wafer on the stack. This stacking results in a stack of patterned wafers having a four-layer periodicity exhibiting a photonic band gap.

摘要翻译： 一种制造表现出光子带隙的周期性电介质结构的方法。 在具有给定晶体取向的电介质材料的晶片中形成对准孔。 然后在晶片的一部分中形成细长杆的平面层。 棒的形成包括在棒之间选择性地去除晶片的电介质材料的步骤。 然后重复形成对准孔和细长杆和晶片的层以形成多个图案化的晶片。 然后通过相对于下一个先前的晶片旋转每个连续的晶片，然后将连续的晶片放置在堆叠上来形成一叠图案化的晶片。 这种堆叠导致具有呈现光子带隙的四层周期性的图案化晶片的堆叠。

公开(公告)号：US5335240A

公开(公告)日：1994-08-02

申请号：US995248

申请日：1992-12-22

申请人： Kai-Ming Ho ,  Che-Ting Chan ,  Costas Soukoulis

发明人： Kai-Ming Ho ,  Che-Ting Chan ,  Costas Soukoulis

IPC分类号： G02B6/122 ,  G02B6/136 ,  H01S3/14

CPC分类号： G02B6/136 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  G02B6/1225

摘要： A periodic dielectric structure which is capable of producing a photonic band gap and which is capable of practical construction. The periodic structure is formed of a plurality of layers, each layer being formed of a plurality of rods separated by a given spacing. The material of the rods contrasts with the material between the rods to have a refractive index contrast of at least two. The rods in each layer are arranged with their axes parallel and at a given spacing. Adjacent layers are rotated by 90.degree., such that the axes of the rods in any given layer are perpendicular to the axes in its neighbor. Alternating layers (that is, successive layers of rods having their axes parallel such as the first and third layers) are offset such that the rods of one are about at the midpoint between the rods of the other. A four-layer periocity is thus produced, and successive layers are stacked to form a three-dimensional structure which exhibits a photonic band gap. By virtue of forming the device in layers of elongate members, it is found that the device is susceptible of practical construction.

摘要翻译： 能够产生光子带隙并且能够实际构造的周期性电介质结构。 周期性结构由多个层组成，每个层由分隔开给定间隔的多个杆形成。 杆的材料与杆之间的材料形成对比，以具有至少两个的折射率对比度。 每个层中的杆被布置成它们的轴线平行并且以给定的间隔。 相邻的层旋转90°，使得任何给定层中的杆的轴线垂直于其邻近的轴。 交替层（即，具有平行于第一层和第三层的轴的连续层的层）被偏移，使得一个杆的大约在另一个的杆之间的中点处。 由此产生四层膜，并且连续层叠以形成呈现光子带隙的三维结构。 通过将器件形成为细长构件的层，发现该器件易于实际构造。

公开(公告)号：US08487283B1

公开(公告)日：2013-07-16

申请号：US12288742

申请日：2008-10-23

申请人： Jae-Hwang Lee ,  Kai-Ming Ho ,  Kristen P. Constant

发明人： Jae-Hwang Lee ,  Kai-Ming Ho ,  Kristen P. Constant

IPC分类号： H01L35/02 ,  G01J3/10

CPC分类号： G01J3/10

摘要： A multi-channel polarized thermal emitter (PTE) is presented. The multi-channel PTE can emit polarized thermal radiation without using a polarizer at normal emergence. The multi-channel PTE consists of two layers of metallic gratings on a monolithic and homogeneous metallic plate. It can be fabricated by a low-cost soft lithography technique called two-polymer microtransfer molding. The spectral positions of the mid-infrared (MIR) radiation peaks can be tuned by changing the periodicity of the gratings and the spectral separation between peaks are tuned by changing the mutual angle between the orientations of the two gratings.

摘要翻译： 提出了一种多通道偏振热发射器（PTE）。 多通道PTE可以在正常出现时不使用偏振器发射偏振热辐射。 多通道PTE由单层和均质金属板上的两层金属光栅组成。 它可以通过称为双聚合物微转移成型的低成本软光刻技术来制造。 可以通过改变光栅的周期性来调整中红外（MIR）辐射峰的光谱位置，并且通过改变两个光栅的取向之间的相互角来调整峰之间的光谱间隔。