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1.发明授权Process for producing fiber-reinforced flat semifinished products with a polyamide matrix 有权用聚酰胺基体制造纤维增强扁平半成品的方法公开(公告)号：US09085110B2
公开(公告)日：2015-07-21
申请号：US13409904
申请日：2012-03-01
申请人： Dietrich Scherzer , Stephan Schäfer , Andreas Radtke , Andreas Wollny , Max Ehleben , Olaf Täger , Jörg Hain , Manfred Kramer , Christoph Hermes
发明人： Dietrich Scherzer , Stephan Schäfer , Andreas Radtke , Andreas Wollny , Max Ehleben , Olaf Täger , Jörg Hain , Manfred Kramer , Christoph Hermes
IPC分类号： B29C70/50 , B05D3/12 , B05D7/00 , B05D3/00 , B05D3/02 , B32B37/02 , B32B37/12 , B32B37/14 , B29B15/12 , B29C67/24 , B29K77/00
CPC分类号： B29C70/50 , B05D3/00 , B05D3/02 , B05D3/12 , B05D7/00 , B29B15/122 , B29B15/125 , B29B15/127 , B29C67/246 , B29C70/504 , B29K2077/00 , B32B37/02 , B32B37/12 , B32B37/14 , Y10T156/10
摘要： The invention relates to a process for producing fiber-reinforced flat semifinished products based on a polyamide matrix, comprising the following steps: (a) saturation of textile structures with a mixture comprising molten lactam, catalyst, and optionally activator, (b) cooling of the saturated textile structures, and (c) finishing of the cooled textile structures to give the fiber-reinforced flat semifinished product. The invention further relates to a process for producing a component made of the fiber-reinforced flat semifinished product.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种基于聚酰胺基质生产纤维增强扁平半成品的方法，包括以下步骤：（a）用包含熔融内酰胺，催化剂和任选的活化剂的混合物使织物结构饱和，（b）冷却 饱和的织物结构，（c）冷却的纺织结构的整理，以得到纤维增强的扁平半成品。 本发明还涉及由纤维增强扁平半成品制成的部件的制造方法。
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公开(公告)号：US6039072A
公开(公告)日：2000-03-21
申请号：US882241
申请日：1997-06-25
申请人： Folkhard Holzel , Manfred Kramer , Jens Tiedemann
发明人： Folkhard Holzel , Manfred Kramer , Jens Tiedemann
CPC分类号： F16K17/082 , F16K17/0433 , F16K17/0493 , Y10T137/7842 , Y10T137/7846 , Y10T137/7867 , Y10T137/7936
摘要： A safety valve arrangement for an installation operating with a pressure medium has a pressure medium input and a pressure medium output connected by a valve. The valve comprises a valve seat and a valve closing element. The valve closing element is moveable between an open position and a closed position and has an active surface that is subjected to the pressure medium in the opening direction of the valve. The valve closing element also has an auxiliary surface that is subjected to the pressure medium in the opening direction of the valve only when the valve closing element is lifted from the valve seat. A spring arrangement holds the valve closing element closed and the valve closing element moves from a closed position to an open position when the pressure medium acting upon the valve closing element is greater than the opposing force of the spring arrangement acting upon the valve closing element. The safety valve also has an auxiliary valve which also connects the pressure medium input to said pressure medium output. The auxiliary valve is moveable from an open position to a closed position. The spring arrangement also holds the valve closing element of the auxiliary valve closed. The valve closing element of the auxiliary valve is opened when the force of the pressure medium acting upon the valve closing element is greater than the opposing force of the spring arrangement acting upon the auxiliary valve closing element. The safety valve arrangement may also have a choke located between the valve and the pressure medium output which throttles the flow of the pressure medium.
摘要翻译： 用于使用压力介质操作的安装的安全阀装置具有通过阀连接的压力介质输入和压力介质输出。 阀包括阀座和阀关闭元件。 阀关闭元件可以在打开位置和关闭位置之间移动，并且具有在阀的打开方向上经受压力介质的有效表面。 阀关闭元件还具有辅助表面，仅在阀闭合元件从阀座提升时才经过阀的打开方向的压力介质。 当作用在阀关闭元件上的压力介质大于作用在阀关闭元件上的弹簧装置的反作用力时，弹簧装置保持阀关闭元件关闭并且阀关闭元件从关闭位置移动到打开位置。 安全阀还具有辅助阀，其也将压力介质输入端连接到所述压力介质输出端。 辅助阀可以从打开位置移动到关闭位置。 弹簧装置还保持辅助阀的关闭阀关闭。 当作用在阀关闭元件上的压力介质的力大于作用在辅助阀关闭元件上的弹簧装置的相对力时，辅助阀的阀关闭元件打开。 安全阀装置还可以具有位于阀和压力介质输出之间的扼流圈，其节流压力介质的流动。
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公开(公告)号：US5860800A
公开(公告)日：1999-01-19
申请号：US542344
申请日：1995-10-12
CPC分类号： F04B39/06 , F04B39/0055
摘要： A compressor with a cylinder head (33, 29) comprises a lower cylinder head section (33) and an upper cylinder head section (29) connected to each other. A seal (12) is provided between the faces of the lower cylinder head section (33) and the upper cylinder head section (29) facing each other. A suction space (31, 25) and a pressure space (10, 17) as well as a suction valve (32, 4) and a pressure valve (5, 7) are installed in the cylinder head (33, 29). A compression space (3) of the compressor is connected by the suction valve (32, 4) to the suction space (31, 25), and by the pressure valve (5, 7) to the pressure space (10, 17). The suction space (31, 25) is also connected by a suction connection (71) to the atmosphere, and the pressure space (10, 17) is connected to a consumer by a pressure connection (18) to a source of pressure. In order to achieve efficient transfer of heat in the cylinder head (33, 29), a wall-like part (76), made of a material with good heat transferring properties, is provided at least in the pressure space (10, 17) to subdivide the pressure space (10, 17) of the cylinder head (33, 29) into a first pressure chamber (10) and a second pressure chamber (17). The first pressure chamber (10) and the second pressure chamber (17) are connected to each other by a passage opening (77) located in the wall-like part (76). Desirably, the suction space (31,15) is subdivided into first and second suction chambers (31,15) by a U-shaped part (79,80) having a second passage opening (78).
摘要翻译： 具有气缸盖（33,29）的压缩机包括彼此连接的下气缸盖部分（33）和上气缸盖部分（29）。 在下气缸盖部分（33）和上气缸盖部分（29）的彼此面对的面之间设置有密封件（12）。 在气缸盖（33,29）中安装有吸入空间（31,25）和压力空间（10,17）以及吸入阀（32,4）和压力阀（5,7）。 压缩机的压缩空间（3）通过吸入阀（32,4）连接到吸入空间（31,25），并通过压力阀（5,7）连接到压力空间（10,17）。 吸入空间（31,25）也通过吸入连接（71）连接到大气，并且压力空间（10,17）通过压力连接（18）连接到消费者到压力源。 为了在气缸盖（33,29）中实现有效的热传递，至少在压力空间（10,17）中设置有由具有良好传热特性的材料制成的壁状部件（76） 以将气缸盖（33,29）的压力空间（10,17）细分成第一压力室（10）和第二压力室（17）。 第一压力室（10）和第二压力室（17）通过位于壁状部分（76）中的通道开口（77）彼此连接。 理想地，吸入空间（31,15）通过具有第二通道开口（78）的U形部分（79,80）被细分成第一和第二吸入室（31,15）。
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公开(公告)号：US4735180A
公开(公告)日：1988-04-05
申请号：US872731
申请日：1986-06-10
申请人： Manfred Kramer
发明人： Manfred Kramer
摘要： A centrifugal adjuster for a fuel injection pump governor having a driving part driven at an rpm in synchronism with the engine and having a torsionally elastically coupled flyweight holder guided in a rotational guide. Via a step, beyond a predetermined rotational deflection, the centrifugal adjuster displaces the flyweight holder axially with respect to the driving part, so that a jolt-like stroke effected by means of the step is superimposed on the regulating stroke effected via the flyweights of the centrifugal adjuster whenever the rpm is at a low level, for instance at idling rpm. As a result, a friction that leads to see-sawing of the engine and exhibits pronounced hysteresis is shaken out of the governor.
摘要翻译： 一种用于燃料喷射泵调速器的离心调节器，其具有与发动机同步地以rpm的速度驱动的驱动部件，并且具有在旋转引导件中引导的扭转弹性耦合的飞轮支架。 通过超过预定的旋转偏转的步骤，离心调节器相对于驱动部件轴向移动飞轮保持器，使得通过该步骤进行的颠簸样行程叠加在经由 每当rpm处于低水平时，例如在空转转速下，离心调节器。 结果，导致发动机看到锯齿和出现明显滞后的摩擦力从调速器中摇动。
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公开(公告)号：US08021605B2
公开(公告)日：2011-09-20
申请号：US11915065
申请日：2006-05-23
申请人： Heinz Sibum , Jürgen Kiese , Manfred Kramer
发明人： Heinz Sibum , Jürgen Kiese , Manfred Kramer
IPC分类号： C22C14/00
CPC分类号： B32B15/017 , C22C14/00 , C22F1/183
摘要： A titanium alloy which, even under the influence of high application temperatures, has a low tendency to becoming brittle as a result of coarse grain formation, comprises (in wt. %) Fe: ≦2%, Si: 0.01 to 0.8%, 0: ≦0.3%, C: ≦0.1%, one or more elements of the Lanthanide group at total levels of 0.01-2% and, optionally, one or more elements of Al and O at total levels of a maximum of 1%, one or more elements of Mo, Ta, Nb, Zr, Mn, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, V, Si, and H at total levels of a maximum of 3%, the remainder being titanium and unavoidable impurities.
摘要翻译： 即使在高使用温度的影响下，由于粗晶粒形成，也具有较低的脆性倾向的钛合金，其含有（以重量％计）Fe：＆lt; 1; 2％，Si：0.01〜0.8％ 0：＆nlE; 0.3％，C：＆NlE; 0.1％，镧系元素的一种或多种元素，总量为0.01-2％，任选地，一个或多个Al和O元素的总量最大为1 ％，Mo，Ta，Nb，Zr，Mn，Cr，Co，Ni，Cu，V，Si和H中的一种或多种元素，总量最多为3％，其余为钛和不可避免的杂质。
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公开(公告)号：US06466539B1
公开(公告)日：2002-10-15
申请号：US08951788
申请日：1997-10-17
IPC分类号： H04J314
CPC分类号： G06F11/0796 , G06F11/0757
摘要： Subject of the invention is a serial bus system with two data lines (10, 12), connected at one end to a central bus subscriber (14) and to an active bus subscriber at the other end (16). The central and the active bus subscriber transmits status messages over the bus (10, 12) whose bus lines are physically passed through in the bus subscribers (18, 20) between the two ends. In case of missing status messages or error in the status messages, the central bus subscriber (14) brings the bus system into a fail-safe state.
摘要翻译： 本发明的主题是具有两个数据线（10,12）的串行总线系统，一端连接到中央总线用户（14），另一端连接到另一端（16）的有源总线用户。 中央和有效总线用户通过总线（10,12）在两端之间的总线用户（18,20）中物理地通过总线（10,12）来发送状态消息。 在缺少状态消息或状态消息中的错误的情况下，中央总线用户（14）使总线系统进入故障安全状态。
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公开(公告)号：US4770149A
公开(公告)日：1988-09-13
申请号：US941866
申请日：1986-12-15
申请人： Manfred Kramer , Johann Warga
发明人： Manfred Kramer , Johann Warga
CPC分类号： F02M55/00 , F02M59/24 , F02M59/243
摘要： A fuel injection pump for internal combustion engines having a plurality of pump elements 2, 3 disposed in a line, the injection quantity control of which is effected via a control slide 9 that is axially displaceable on the pump piston 9 and by controlling a relief conduit 22-25 of the pump work chamber 18, the control slides 9 being surrounded by partial suction chambers 8 that discharge into a main suction chamber 10 receiving a torque shaft 12 for axially actuating the control slides 9. These partial suction chambers 8 each have a separate partial inflow conduit 39 of defined length and cross section, which communicates with an inflow conduit 33, so that the same volumetric flow is metered to each partial suction chamber in the manner of quantity division, while the main suction chamber 10 is retained and the torque shaft 12 is disposed in it.
摘要翻译： 一种用于内燃机的燃料喷射泵，其具有设置成一行的多个泵元件2,3，其喷射量控制通过可在泵活塞9上轴向移动的控制滑块9进行，并且通过控制卸载导管 22-25，控制滑块9被部分抽吸室8围绕，排放到主吸入室10中，主吸入室10接收扭矩轴12，用于轴向地驱动控制滑块9.这些局部抽吸室8各具有 具有限定长度和横截面的分开的部分流入管道39与流入管道33连通，使得以数量分割的方式将相同的体积流量计量到每个部分抽吸室，而主吸入室10被保持，并且 扭矩轴12设置在其中。
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公开(公告)号：US4685653A
公开(公告)日：1987-08-11
申请号：US801888
申请日：1985-11-26
IPC分类号： F01L3/20 , F16K31/122
CPC分类号： F01L3/20
摘要： A valve assembly having a valve seat, and a valve tappet that moves relative to the valve seat. A stop member for limiting the stroke of the valve tappet. The valve tappet includes an elongated shaft having a reduced mid-section for the purpose of increasing flexibility. The stop member for the valve tappet is a flexible ring-shaped element which functions like a spring washer. As a result of the shape of the valve tappet and of the stop member, any sudden excessive forces or stresses occurring during the opening and closing of the valve are partially suppressed by the elastic characteristics to avoid damage to the valve assembly. The energy-absorbing features avoid breakage of the shaft and eliminate deformation of the valve piston and the stop member in the area of the stop communicating surfaces, and also reduce damage to the sealing surfaces between the tappet head and the valve seat. Accordingly, the useful life of the valve is materially increased, so that cost savings of repair or replacement is realized.
摘要翻译： 具有阀座的阀组件和相对于阀座移动的阀挺杆。 用于限制阀挺杆冲程的止挡件。 阀挺杆包括具有减小的中间部分的细长轴，以增加柔性。 用于阀挺杆的止动构件是柔性环形元件，其功能类似于弹簧垫圈。 由于阀挺杆和止动构件的形状，在阀的打开和关闭期间发生的任何突然的过大的力或应力被弹性特性部分地抑制，以避免损坏阀组件。 能量吸收特征可以避免轴的断裂，并消除止动连通表面区域中的阀活塞和止动件的变形，并且还减小了挺杆头和阀座之间的密封面的损坏。 因此，阀的使用寿命大大增加，从而实现维修或替换的成本节约。
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公开(公告)号：US4640255A
公开(公告)日：1987-02-03
申请号：US730616
申请日：1985-05-06
申请人： Walter Hafele , Manfred Kramer , Dietmar Schmieder , Johann Warga
发明人： Walter Hafele , Manfred Kramer , Dietmar Schmieder , Johann Warga
CPC分类号： F02M55/001 , F02M55/00
摘要： A fuel injection pump for internal combustion engines having a plurality of in-line pumping elements, in which there is one pumping element in the injection pump for each individual combustion chamber of the engine. Each pumping element is surrounded by one partial suction chamber, and quantity dividers inserted into inflow and outflow conduits divide the flow of fuel into partial fuel flows so that each partial suction chamber is flushed, whereby no outflowing fuel is capable of mixing with inflowing fuel.
摘要翻译： 一种用于内燃机的燃料喷射泵，其具有多个在线泵送元件，其中在用于发动机的每个单独燃烧室的喷射泵中存在一个泵送元件。 每个泵送元件由一个部分抽吸室包围，并且插入流入和流出管道中的数量分配器将燃料流分成部分燃料流，使得每个部分抽吸室被冲洗，由此没有流出的燃料能够与流入的燃料混合。
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公开(公告)号：US4315118A
公开(公告)日：1982-02-09
申请号：US166889
申请日：1980-07-08
CPC分类号： H01H35/10 , Y10T29/49105
摘要： An electric centrifugal switch is proposed, in particular for the purpose of safety shutoff upon attainment of a shutoff rpm for fuel injection systems, electrically controlled in an open- or closed-loop manner, of internal combustion engines, which is not vulnerable to rotary oscillations and which effects a rapid shutoff. The centrifugal switch comprises a centrifugal pendulum secured by means of a metal band bearing on a revolving carrier element and a switch attached to the housing and provided with a switching distance from an actuation pin. The centrifugal pendulum carries a flyweight mass on the end of a first lever arm extending substantially in the direction of the rotary axis, and its second lever arm extending at least approximately rectangularly to the rotary axis, is held together with a metal band of the band bearing in constant contact on a roll-off surface located on the carrier element by a restoring spring and, in a preferred embodiment, by means of a supplementary spring element. The inclination and spring rate of the obliquely positioned restoring spring are so designed that the increase in spring force when the centrifugal pendulum is swinging outward is less than the corresponding increase in centrifugal force.
摘要翻译： 提出了一种电动离心开关，特别是为了实现以开或闭环方式电控制的不受旋转振荡的内燃机的燃料喷射系统的关闭转速的安全关闭的目的 并影响快速关闭。 离心开关包括通过金属带轴承固定在旋转载体元件上的离心摆和附接到壳体并且具有与致动销的切换距离的开关。 离心摆在基本上沿着旋转轴线的方向延伸的第一杠杆臂的端部上承载着一个飞重质量块，并且其第二杠杆臂至少大致矩形延伸到旋转轴线，与带的金属带一起保持在一起 通过恢复弹簧在位于载体元件上的滚降表面上恒定接触，并且在优选实施例中，通过辅助弹簧元件。 倾斜定位的复位弹簧的倾角和弹簧刚度被设计成当离心摆向外摆动时弹簧力的增加小于离心力的相应增加。
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