摘要:
To provide a pharmaceutical product or food which has an excellent fat-accumulation-inhibiting activity and/or fat-metabolism-improving activity and which is effective for inhibition or improvement of obesity, fatty liver, etc.The present invention provides an agent for preventing or ameliorating obesity containing, as an active ingredient, cells of a lactic acid bacterium belonging to the genus Pediococcus, a cell culture thereof, or an extract of any of these.
摘要:
An engine ECU executes a program including the step of detecting an engine coolant temperature (THW), the step of selecting a map for a warm state as the map for calculating a fuel injection ratio (or a DI ratio) (r) when the engine coolant temperature (THW) is equal to or higher than a temperature threshold value (THW(TH)), the step of selecting a map for a cold state as the map for calculating the fuel injection ratio (or the DI ratio) (r) when the engine coolant temperature (THW) is lower than the temperature threshold value (THW(TH)), and the step of calculating the fuel injection ratio between the in-cylinder injector and the-intake manifold injector (or the DI ratio) (r) based on the engine speed, load factor, and the selected map.
摘要:
The amount of fuel ejected from a high-pressure fuel pump that ejects fuel toward a delivery pipe is adjusted by controlling the valve closure start timing of an electromagnetic spill valve. In this manner, the fuel pressure in the delivery pipe is controlled. The duty ratio DT used for controlling the valve closure start timing of the electromagnetic spill valve is calculated based on a valve closure start timing that provides a maximum amount of fuel ejection. The actual fuel ejection characteristic of a high-pressure fuel pump may deviate from a designed state due to individual differences of the pump. However, the valve closure start timing of the electromagnetic spill valve that provides the maximum amount of fuel ejection in accordance with the actual fuel ejection characteristic is learned as a maximum ejection timing. Based on the maximum ejection timing, the duty ratio DT is calculated.
摘要:
A direct injection type internal combustion engine control apparatus is capable of increasing the frequency of performing the compression-stroke fuel injection following an automatic start of the engine by maintaining a sufficient fuel pressure for the compression-stroke injection even after the engine has been stopped by an automatic stop function. When an immediately-before-automatic-stop flag is “ON”, the control apparatus sets the control duty of an electromagnetic spill valve to 100 (%) to raise the fuel pressure immediately before the automatic stop. As a result, after the engine stops, the fuel pressure starts to decrease from a high pressure, so that there will be a long time before the fuel pressure decreases to a level that makes it impossible to perform appropriate fuel injection into the combustion chamber during the compression stroke. Therefore, the possibility of performance of the compression-stroke injection immediately following an automatic start is increased, and the frequency of performing the compression-stroke injection is increased. Thus, sufficient improvements in fuel economy and the like can be achieved.
摘要:
In order to prevent fuel leakage from a high pressure fuel pipe at a low temperature, a sealing capacity of a seal member provided in a fuel transfer portion of a high pressure fuel pipe is estimated in accordance with various conditions and the fuel pressure within the high pressure fuel pipe is controlled on the basis of the estimated sealing capacity so as to secure a sealing property in the fuel transfer portion.
摘要:
A first comparison circuit compares the energization on angle outputted from a computer with the energization off angle outputted therefrom so as to output a first binary signal representing whether the latter is greater than the former. A second comparison circuit compares the energization on angle outputted from the computer with the rotation angle of the rotor outputted from the angle sensor so as to output a second binary signal representing whether the latter is greater than the former. A third comparison circuit compares the energization off angle outputted from the computer with the rotation angle of the rotor outputted from the angle sensor so as to output a third binary signal representing whether the latter is smaller than the former. A binary signal process circuit processes the first, second and third binary signals outputted from the first, second and third comparison means so as to output a fourth binary signal representing energization on and off.
摘要:
A rising saw tooth signal generating circuit generates a rising saw tooth signal having a constant amplitude and a constant period which corresponds to a frequency being slightly higher than the human audible frequency range. The rising saw tooth signal generating circuit also generates a binary signal which generates a reference chopping timing synchronizing with the rising saw tooth signal. The rising saw tooth signal is inverted and a descending saw tooth signal is generated. The descending saw tooth signal is added to the reference current signal and a binary signal is generated by the result of the comparison between the addition signal and the actual current signal. A flip-flop generates a signal which reaches a low level whenever the binary signal is descended and which reaches a high level whenever the reference chopping timing comes. A further binary signal which moves to the high level at the feeding of the current and the signal are supplied to the AND gate. The output signal of the AND gate and the signal is supplied to an AND gate and a binary signal for driving a switching element is obtained.
摘要:
The chopping power controller reduces switching error due to the noise in the current detected signal. The chopping power controller includes a switching member (18a) for supplying power to an electric load (1a) and a current sensor (2) for detecting electric current flowing through the electric load (1a). The detected electric current is compared by a comparator (16a, 30a) to a target value. The output from the comparator is supplied to a filter (23) for outputting identical signal (k) as the comparator (16a, 30a) after the comparator (16a, 30a) keeps the same level signal for a period of time. The switching member (18a) is turned off when the detected electric current continuously exceeds the target value for the period of time set at the filter (23). The filter (23) may removes the noise which has a shorter period than that of the filter (23). In other words, the filter (23) removes high frequency noise from the comparator (16a, 30a) in order to turn off the switching member (18a) accurately. Therefore, less switching error is generated due to high frequency noise.
摘要:
The energization control system for a motor equalizes the power loss of switching elements energizing coils of each phase of the motor in order to maintain a balance of heat development. The energization control system for a motor includes a plurality of phase coils and two switching elements. The energization control system of a motor supplies an electric current from the power source line to the coil when two switching elements are simultaneously conducted. Two switching elements are controlled under a first condition that one of the switching elements is switched every predetermined time while the other of the switching elements is conducted. Two switching elements are also controlled under a second condition that the other of the switching elements is switched every predetermined time while one of the switching elements is conducted. The first condition and the second conditions are repeated and synchronized to the predetermined time every predetermined period.
摘要:
In a high-pressure fuel pump of a fuel supplying apparatus, the amount of movement of a plunger (cam speed) occurring during a unit-angle rotation of a cam changes in accordance with the phase of the cam. The amount of fuel delivered from the high-pressure fuel pump is controlled by changing the start timing of closure of an electromagnetic spill valve. However, the amount of fuel delivered is greatly affected by the cam speed at the start of closure of the spill valve. Therefore, for example, a cam profile of the cam is set such that the closure start timing of the electromagnetic spill valve that provides a maximum amount of fuel that needs to be delivered for fuel injection is placed within a predetermined cam angle range in which the change in the cam speed with respect to changes in phase of the cam is constant. Therefore, the changing of the closure start timing of the electromagnetic spill valve for the purpose of adjusting the amount of fuel delivered is performed within the predetermined cam angle range.