公开(公告)号：US20150179834A1

公开(公告)日：2015-06-25

申请号：US14137610

申请日：2013-12-20

申请人： Mukul Agrawal ,  Seung Rim ,  Michael Cudzinovic

发明人： Mukul Agrawal ,  Seung Rim ,  Michael Cudzinovic

IPC分类号： H01L31/0224 ,  H01L31/18 ,  H01L31/036 ,  H01L31/0312 ,  H01L31/0368

CPC分类号： H01L31/02008 ,  H01L31/022441 ,  H01L31/03682 ,  H01L31/0682 ,  H01L31/0745 ,  H01L31/0747 ,  Y02E10/547

摘要： Approaches for forming barrier-less seed stacks and contacts are described. In an example, a solar cell includes a substrate and a conductive contact disposed on the substrate. The conductive contact includes a copper layer directly contacting the substrate. In another example, a solar cell includes a substrate and a seed layer disposed directly on the substrate. The seed layer consists essentially of one or more non-diffusion-barrier metal layers. A conductive contact includes a copper layer disposed directly on the seed layer. An exemplary method of fabricating a solar cell involves providing a substrate, and forming a seed layer over the substrate. The seed layer includes one or more non-diffusion-barrier metal layers. The method further involves forming a conductive contact for the solar cell from the seed layer.

摘要翻译： 描述了形成无障碍种子堆叠和接触的方法。 在一个示例中，太阳能电池包括设置在基板上的基板和导电触头。 导电接触包括直接接触基底的铜层。 在另一示例中，太阳能电池包括基板和直接设置在基板上的籽晶层。 种子层基本上由一个或多个非扩散阻挡金属层组成。 导电接触包括直接设置在籽晶层上的铜层。 制造太阳能电池的示例性方法包括提供衬底，并在衬底上形成晶种层。 种子层包括一个或多个非扩散阻挡金属层。 该方法还包括从种子层形成用于太阳能电池的导电接触。

公开(公告)号：US20120046819A1

公开(公告)日：2012-02-23

申请号：US12238304

申请日：2008-09-25

申请人： Mukul Agrawal ,  Daniel Chester Churchill

发明人： Mukul Agrawal ,  Daniel Chester Churchill

IPC分类号： G05D1/00

CPC分类号： G06Q10/047 ,  G01C21/3407

摘要： Methods and systems of controlling an autonomous vehicle are provided. A method comprises controlling operations of the vehicle based at least in part on edge costs. An edge is a representation of a path the vehicle can traverse. Edge costs are determined by an estimation system and are based on at least one of an estimated travel time for an edge and a traverse-ability of the edge. The method further comprises sensing conditions of edges the vehicle is traversing and based on the sensed conditions, dynamically updating the edge costs.

摘要翻译： 提供了控制自主车辆的方法和系统。 一种方法包括至少部分地基于边缘成本来控制车辆的操作。 边缘是车辆可以穿过的路径的表示。 边缘成本由估计系统确定，并且基于边缘的估计行进时间和边缘的横向能力中的至少一个。 该方法还包括感测车辆正在行驶的边缘的条件，并且基于感测到的条件，动态地更新边缘成本。

公开(公告)号：US20050028160A1

公开(公告)日：2005-02-03

申请号：US10903144

申请日：2004-07-30

申请人： Darren Cofer ,  John Shackleton ,  Mukul Agrawal ,  Nigel Birch

发明人： Darren Cofer ,  John Shackleton ,  Mukul Agrawal ,  Nigel Birch

IPC分类号： G06F9/48 ,  G06F9/46

CPC分类号： G06F9/4881

摘要： Scheduling a set of anytime tasks includes assigning a percentage of at least one resource to each of the set of anytime tasks and allowing each of the set of anytime tasks to use the at least one resource in accordance with the respective assigned fraction. The percentage of the at least one resource assigned to each of the set of anytime tasks is subsequently adapted.

摘要翻译： 调度一组任何时间任务包括将至少一个资源的百分比分配给任意时间任务集合中的每一个，并且允许任何时间任务集合中的每一个根据相应的分配部分使用至少一个资源。 随后调整分配给任意时间任务集中的每一个的至少一个资源的百分比。

公开(公告)号：US5546301A

公开(公告)日：1996-08-13

申请号：US277385

申请日：1994-07-19

申请人： Mukul Agrawal ,  James E. Orrock ,  Pradip K. Patiath ,  Lloyd A. Rachor

发明人： Mukul Agrawal ,  James E. Orrock ,  Pradip K. Patiath ,  Lloyd A. Rachor

IPC分类号： G06F9/46 ,  G06F19/00

CPC分类号： G06F9/46

摘要： The present invention relates to a control solution development environment coupled to a runtime environment constructed to insulate the control solution designer as well as the developed control applications from both the hardware and the operating system. This insulation frees the designer from having to deal with a tangle of control and operating system commands and considerations. The runtime environment manages the details of the process system resource and task allocation to implement the control strategies. Since the runtime environment insulates the developed control applications from changes in operating systems and hardware, applications developed to run in this environment are both reusable and portable. The runtime environment is scaleable, fault-tolerant, allows dynamic reconfiguration of the system, integration of diverse sensors and actuators and enables distributed control strategies. The runtime environment is built on C++ software language, is hostable on a variety of industry-standard computer operating systems, and readily accommodates legacy and third-party software tools.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种与运行时环境相结合的控制解决方案开发环境，该运行时环境构造为使得控制解决方案设计者以及来自硬件和操作系统的开发的控制应用程序都是绝缘的。 这种绝缘使设计人员不必处理控制和操作系统命令和注意事项的纠缠。 运行环境管理流程系统资源和任务分配的细节，实现控制策略。 由于运行时环境将开发的控制应用程序与操作系统和硬件的变化隔离开发，因此在此环境中运行的应用程序都是可重复使用和可移植的。 运行时环境是可扩展的，容错的，允许系统的动态重新配置，各种传感器和执行器的集成，并实现分布式控制策略。 运行时环境是基于C ++软件语言，可以在各种行业标准的计算机操作系统上使用，并且容易地适应传统和第三方软件工具。

公开(公告)号：US20160177439A1

公开(公告)日：2016-06-23

申请号：US14578332

申请日：2014-12-19

申请人： Yu-Chen Shen ,  Taiqing Qiu ,  Robe Woehl ,  Kieran Mark Tracy ,  Mukul Agrawal

发明人： Yu-Chen Shen ,  Taiqing Qiu ,  Robe Woehl ,  Kieran Mark Tracy ,  Mukul Agrawal

IPC分类号： C23C14/50 ,  C23C14/34

CPC分类号： C23C14/50 ,  C23C14/165 ,  C23C14/34 ,  C23C14/3464 ,  H01J37/32715

摘要： Sputter tools are described. In one embodiment, an apparatus to support a wafer includes a pallet having a depression to receive the wafer. The pallet includes an opening below the depression, and an edge in the depression is to support the wafer over the opening. A cover at least partially covers the opening. In one example, the cover may be a plate with one or more holes, and a pipe may be located below each of the holes in the cover. In one embodiment, a wafer-processing system includes a processing chamber and a pallet with a depression to receive a wafer. The pallet has an opening below the depression, and an edge in the depression supports the wafer over the opening. In one such embodiment, a cover at least partially covers the opening. According to one embodiment, an energy-absorbing material is disposed below the opening in the pallet.

摘要翻译： 描述了溅射工具。 在一个实施例中，用于支撑晶片的装置包括具有用于接收晶片的凹陷的托盘。 托盘包括在凹陷下方的开口，并且凹陷中的边缘将晶片支撑在开口上。 盖子至少部分地覆盖开口。 在一个示例中，盖可以是具有一个或多个孔的板，并且管可以位于盖中的每个孔下方。 在一个实施例中，晶片处理系统包括处理室和具有凹陷的托盘以接收晶片。 托盘在凹陷下方具有开口，并且凹陷中的边缘将晶片支撑在开口上方。 在一个这样的实施例中，盖至少部分地覆盖开口。 根据一个实施例，能量吸收材料设置在托盘中的开口下方。

公开(公告)号：US20110240114A1

公开(公告)日：2011-10-06

申请号：US13047665

申请日：2011-03-14

申请人： Michael P. Stewart ,  Mukul Agrawal ,  Rohit Mishra ,  Hemant P. Mungekar ,  Timothy Weidman

发明人： Michael P. Stewart ,  Mukul Agrawal ,  Rohit Mishra ,  Hemant P. Mungekar ,  Timothy Weidman

IPC分类号： H01L31/0216 ,  H01L31/02 ,  H01L31/0248 ,  H01L31/0264 ,  H01L31/0376 ,  H01L31/18

CPC分类号： H01L31/02167 ,  H01L31/068 ,  Y02E10/547

摘要： The present invention generally provides a method of forming a high quality passivation layer over a p-type doped region to form a high efficiency solar cell device. Embodiments of the present invention may be especially useful for preparing a surface of a boron doped region formed in a silicon substrate. In one embodiment, the methods include exposing a surface of the solar cell substrate to a plasma to clean and modify the physical, chemical and/or electrical characteristics of the surface and then deposit a charged dielectric layer and passivation layer thereon.

摘要翻译： 本发明通常提供一种在p型掺杂区上形成高质量钝化层以形成高效太阳能电池器件的方法。 本发明的实施例可以特别用于制备形成在硅衬底中的硼掺杂区的表面。 在一个实施例中，所述方法包括将太阳能电池基板的表面暴露于等离子体以清洁和修改表面的物理，化学和/或电特性，然后在其上沉积带电介质层和钝化层。

公开(公告)号：US08121749B1

公开(公告)日：2012-02-21

申请号：US12238304

申请日：2008-09-25

申请人： Mukul Agrawal ,  Daniel Chester Churchill

发明人： Mukul Agrawal ,  Daniel Chester Churchill

IPC分类号： G01C22/00

CPC分类号： G06Q10/047 ,  G01C21/3407

摘要： Methods and systems of controlling an autonomous vehicle are provided. A method comprises controlling operations of the vehicle based at least in part on edge costs. An edge is a representation of a path the vehicle can traverse. Edge costs are determined by an estimation system and are based on at least one of an estimated travel time for an edge and a traverse-ability of the edge. The method further comprises sensing conditions of edges the vehicle is traversing and based on the sensed conditions, dynamically updating the edge costs.

摘要翻译： 提供了控制自主车辆的方法和系统。 一种方法包括至少部分地基于边缘成本来控制车辆的操作。 边缘是车辆可以穿过的路径的表示。 边缘成本由估计系统确定，并且基于边缘的估计行进时间和边缘的横向能力中的至少一个。 该方法还包括感测车辆正在行驶的边缘的条件，并且基于感测到的条件，动态地更新边缘成本。

公开(公告)号：US20110272008A1

公开(公告)日：2011-11-10

申请号：US13101871

申请日：2011-05-05

申请人： Hemant P. Mungekar ,  Mukul Agrawal ,  Michael P. Stewart ,  Timothy W. Weidman ,  Rohit Mishra ,  Sunhom Paak

发明人： Hemant P. Mungekar ,  Mukul Agrawal ,  Michael P. Stewart ,  Timothy W. Weidman ,  Rohit Mishra ,  Sunhom Paak

IPC分类号： H01L31/02 ,  H01L31/18 ,  B82Y40/00 ,  B82Y99/00

CPC分类号： H01L31/02168 ,  H01L31/056 ,  Y02E10/52

摘要： Embodiments of the invention generally provide methods for forming a multilayer rear surface passivation layer on a solar cell substrate. The method includes forming a silicon oxide sub-layer having a net charge density of less than or equal to 2.1×1011 Coulombs/cm2 on a rear surface of a p-type doped region formed in a substrate comprising semiconductor material, the rear surface opposite a light receiving surface of the substrate and forming a silicon nitride sub-layer on the silicon oxide sub-layer. Embodiments of the invention also include a solar cell device that may be manufactured according methods disclosed herein.

摘要翻译： 本发明的实施例通常提供在太阳能电池基板上形成多层后表面钝化层的方法。 该方法包括在形成于包含半导体材料的衬底的p型掺杂区的后表面上形成净电荷密度小于或等于2.1×10 11库仑/ cm 2的氧化硅子层， 所述衬底的光接收表面并在所述氧化硅子层上形成氮化硅子层。 本发明的实施例还包括可以根据本文公开的方法制造的太阳能电池装置。

公开(公告)号：US20160190354A1

公开(公告)日：2016-06-30

申请号：US15064488

申请日：2016-03-08

申请人： Mukul Agrawal ,  Seung Bum Rim ,  Michael Cudzinovic

发明人： Mukul Agrawal ,  Seung Bum Rim ,  Michael Cudzinovic

IPC分类号： H01L31/02 ,  H01L31/0368

CPC分类号： H01L31/02008 ,  H01L31/022441 ,  H01L31/03682 ,  H01L31/0682 ,  H01L31/0745 ,  H01L31/0747 ,  Y02E10/547

摘要： Approaches for forming barrier-less seed stacks and contacts are described. In an example, a solar cell includes a substrate and a conductive contact disposed on the substrate. The conductive contact includes a copper layer directly contacting the substrate. In another example, a solar cell includes a substrate and a seed layer disposed directly on the substrate. The seed layer consists essentially of one or more non-diffusion-barrier metal layers. A conductive contact includes a copper layer disposed directly on the seed layer. An exemplary method of fabricating a solar cell involves providing a substrate, and forming a seed layer over the substrate. The seed layer includes one or more non-diffusion-barrier metal layers. The method further involves forming a conductive contact for the solar cell from the seed layer.

公开(公告)号：US20060041776A1

公开(公告)日：2006-02-23

申请号：US10913119

申请日：2004-08-06

申请人： Mukul Agrawal ,  Lee Graba ,  Vicraj Thomas ,  Saul Cooper

发明人： Mukul Agrawal ,  Lee Graba ,  Vicraj Thomas ,  Saul Cooper

IPC分类号： G06F11/00

CPC分类号： G06F9/44505 ,  G06F9/541 ,  G06F9/542 ,  G06F9/545

摘要： A system includes a platform on which a plurality of platform-specific I/O and fault-tolerance mechanisms are implemented. The system also includes an embedded software application operating on the platform and middleware which acts as a buffer between the application and the platform. In operation, the middleware logically separates the embedded software application from the platform-specific I/O and fault-tolerance mechanisms, such that the application can be transferred from one platform to another without necessitating complex and time-consuming code changes.

摘要翻译： 系统包括其上实现多个平台特定的I / O和容错机制的平台。 该系统还包括在平台上操作的嵌入式软件应用程序和作为应用程序和平台之间的缓冲区的中间件。 在操作中，中间件将嵌入式软件应用程序与平台特定的I / O和容错机制逻辑分开，使得应用程序可以从一个平台传输到另一个平台，而不需要复杂而耗时的代码更改。