公开(公告)号：US09518904B2

公开(公告)日：2016-12-13

申请号：US14320729

申请日：2014-07-01

申请人： Peter R. Bossard ,  Luis Breziner ,  Paolo Moreschini

发明人： Peter R. Bossard ,  Luis Breziner ,  Paolo Moreschini

IPC分类号： G01N7/10 ,  C01B3/50 ,  G01N33/00 ,  G01N1/40

CPC分类号： G01N7/10 ,  C01B3/501 ,  G01N1/4005 ,  G01N33/005

摘要： A system and method of taking a sample of hydrogen gas and reducing the hydrogen concentration by a factor greater than 1×108 while increasing the partial pressure of the contaminating gases by a factor greater than 100, so that extremely low levels of contamination can be accurately detected. A sample of hydrogen gas is captured. Only the hydrogen gas is removed leaving all the contaminating gases in the collection chamber. This causes the total pressure of the gas sample within the collection chamber to decrease dramatically since most of the gas was hydrogen. All the contaminants remain in the collection chamber. None are lost through pumping. As such, the concentration of contaminants within the remaining sample increases dramatically. The residual partial pressures of the contaminating gases within the collection chamber and can now be measured by a variety of techniques.

摘要翻译： 采用氢气样品并将氢浓度降低1×108以上的系统和方法，同时将污染气体的分压提高到大于100，从而可以准确地得到极低的污染水平 检测到。 捕获氢气样品。 仅除去氢气，留下收集室中的所有污染气体。 这导致收集室内的气体样品的总压力显着降低，因为大部分气体是氢气。 所有污染物都留在收集室中。 没有人通过泵送而丢失。 因此，剩余样品中的污染物浓度急剧增加。 收集室内污染气体的剩余分压现在可以通过各种技术来测量。

公开(公告)号：US08875559B2

公开(公告)日：2014-11-04

申请号：US13314175

申请日：2011-12-07

申请人： Peter R. Bossard

发明人： Peter R. Bossard

IPC分类号： G01N7/10 ,  G01N33/00

CPC分类号： G01N7/10 ,  C01B3/501 ,  G01N1/4005 ,  G01N33/0014

摘要： A system and method for taking a sample of hydrogen gas and conditioning that sample so that extremely low levels of contamination can be more accurately detected. Initially a sample of hydrogen gas is captured and isolated in a collection chamber. A hydrogen permeable membrane is provided having a first side and a second side. The first side of the hydrogen permeable membrane is exposed to the gas sample held within the collection chamber. The hydrogen gas contained within the gas sample begins to permeate through the hydrogen permeable membrane and exit the collection chamber. This causes the pressure of the gas sample within the collection chamber to decrease. Since contaminants remain in the collection chamber, the concentration of contaminants within the remaining sample increases exponentially. The residual pressure within the collection chamber is measured and converted into a contaminant level reading.

摘要翻译： 一种采集氢气样品和调节样品的系统和方法，以便能够更精确地检测到极低水平的污染物。 最初，在收集室中捕获和分离氢气样品。 提供具有第一侧和第二侧的氢可渗透膜。 氢可渗透膜的第一侧暴露于收集室内保持的气体样品。 包含在气体样品中的氢气开始渗透通过氢可渗透膜并离开收集室。 这导致收集室内的气体样品的压力降低。 由于污染物残留在收集室中，所以剩余样品中的污染物浓度呈指数增加。 测量收集室内的剩余压力并将其转换为污染物水平读数。

公开(公告)号：US08720620B1

公开(公告)日：2014-05-13

申请号：US12167057

申请日：2008-07-02

申请人： Peter R. Bossard

发明人： Peter R. Bossard

IPC分类号： B60L11/18

CPC分类号： B60L15/20 ,  B60L1/003 ,  B60L1/02 ,  B60L3/0053 ,  B60L11/1805 ,  B60L11/1864 ,  B60L11/1885 ,  B60L11/1887 ,  B60L11/1892 ,  B60L11/1894 ,  B60L11/1896 ,  B60L11/1898 ,  B60L2200/18 ,  B60L2220/44 ,  B60L2240/12 ,  B60L2240/36 ,  B60L2240/421 ,  B60L2240/662 ,  B60L2240/80 ,  B60L2260/28 ,  Y02T10/645 ,  Y02T10/7061 ,  Y02T10/72 ,  Y02T10/7275 ,  Y02T10/7291 ,  Y02T90/16 ,  Y02T90/34

摘要： An automobile assembly and a method of producing hydrogen gas within an automobile assembly. An automobile is provided that contains a fuel cell. The fuel cell produces electricity from purified hydrogen gas. The vehicle also has a standard fuel tank that holds liquid fuel and a water tank that holds water. A fuel reformation system is carried by the vehicle. The fuel reformation system reacts water with liquid fuel to produce hydrogen gas and exhaust gases. The hydrogen gas is separated and is supplied to the fuel cell as needed by the fuel cell. The fuel cell produces electricity that drives electric motors to power the wheel of the vehicle. The vehicle, therefore, uses traditional liquid fuel to produce the hydrogen needed to operate the fuel cell and power an otherwise electric vehicle.

摘要翻译： 汽车组件和在汽车组件内产生氢气的方法。 提供包含燃料电池的汽车。 燃料电池从纯化氢气中产生电力。 车辆还有一个标准的燃油箱，保存着液体燃料和一个水箱。 燃料改造系统由车辆承载。 燃料改造系统使水与液体燃料反应产生氢气和废气。 氢气被分离并根据燃料电池的需要被供应到燃料电池。 燃料电池产生电力，驱动电动机为车辆的车轮供电。 因此，车辆使用传统的液体燃料来产生操作燃料电池所需的氢气，并为另外的电动车辆供电。

公开(公告)号：US07396385B1

公开(公告)日：2008-07-08

申请号：US11097535

申请日：2005-03-31

申请人： Peter R. Bossard ,  Jacob Mettes

发明人： Peter R. Bossard ,  Jacob Mettes

IPC分类号： B01D53/22 ,  B01D69/04 ,  B01D63/06

CPC分类号： C01B3/501 ,  B01D53/22 ,  B01D2257/108 ,  C01B2203/041 ,  C01B2203/047 ,  C01B2203/0475

摘要： A hydrogen purification system that is used to separate hydrogen gas from a source gas. The hydrogen purification system has a hydrogen separator into which the source gas is permitted to flow. Within the hydrogen separator is at least one hydrogen permeable tube that is made of a hydrogen permeable material. A support tube is provided for each hydrogen permeable tube. A support tube is coaxially aligned with the hydrogen permeable tube, wherein a gap space exists between the hydrogen permeable tube and the support tube in an area of overlap. The source gas is introduced into the gap space. The source gas spreads thinly over the hydrogen permeable tube in the gap space. Hydrogen from the source gas passes through the hydrogen permeable tube in a highly efficient manner and is collected.

摘要翻译： 用于从源气体分离氢气的氢气净化系统。 氢气净化系统具有允许源气体流过的氢分离器。 在氢分离器内是至少一个氢透过管，由氢可渗透材料制成。 为每个氢可渗透管提供支撑管。 支撑管与氢可渗透管同轴对准，其中在可重叠的区域中在氢可渗透管和支撑管之间存在间隙空间。 源气体被引入间隙空间。 源气体在间隙空间中的氢可渗透管上薄薄地扩散。 来自源气体的氢气以高效的方式通过氢可渗透管并被收集。

公开(公告)号：US06613132B2

公开(公告)日：2003-09-02

申请号：US10053936

申请日：2002-01-24

申请人： Peter R. Bossard

发明人： Peter R. Bossard

IPC分类号： B01D5322

CPC分类号： B01D53/22 ,  B01D63/10 ,  B01D2257/108 ,  B01D2313/22 ,  B01D2313/42 ,  Y10S55/05

摘要： A hydrogen diffusion cell that is used to purify contaminated hydrogen gas. The hydrogen diffusion cell has a supply tube that supplies contaminated hydrogen gas into a confined area and a drain tube that removes contaminated hydrogen gas from the confined area. Hydrogen permeable coils are disposed between the supply tube and the drain tube. The hydrogen permeable coils surround a perforated output tube that draws in any hydrogen gas that diffuses through the hydrogen permeable coils. The presence and position of the output tube prevent any significant lateral movement of hydrogen gas within the diffusion cell.

公开(公告)号：US06433596B1

公开(公告)日：2002-08-13

申请号：US09346521

申请日：1999-07-02

申请人： Peter R. Bossard

发明人： Peter R. Bossard

IPC分类号： H03L102

CPC分类号： H03L7/107 ,  H03L7/0891 ,  H03L7/18

摘要： An improved loop filter device for use in a phase lock loop that improves lock-in time and cycle-to-cycle jitter in the phase lock loop. The loop filter is used in a phase lock loop circuit having a phase frequency detector, a charge pump, a voltage controlled oscillator and a divider. The loop filter has a first capacitor with a first side and a second side, wherein the first side of the first capacitor is coupled to the output of the charge pump and the input of the voltage controlled oscillator. A CMOS switch is coupled to the second side of the first capacitor, wherein the CMOS switch is selectively operable between an open condition and a closed condition. At least one second capacitor is coupled in parallel with said switch, wherein the first capacitor is joined in series with said at least one second capacitor when the CMOS switch is in its open condition.

摘要翻译： 一种用于锁相环的改进的环路滤波器装置，其改善了锁相环中的锁定时间和周期到周期的抖动。 环路滤波器用于具有相位频率检测器，电荷泵，压控振荡器和分频器的锁相环电路中。 环路滤波器具有第一电容器，其具有第一侧面和第二侧面，其中第一电容器的第一侧耦合到电荷泵的输出端和压控振荡器的输入端。 CMOS开关耦合到第一电容器的第二侧，其中CMOS开关选择性地在打开状态和闭合状态之间工作。 至少一个第二电容器与所述开关并联耦合，其中当CMOS开关处于其开启状态时，第一电容器与所述至少一个第二电容器串联连接。

公开(公告)号：US06183542B2

公开(公告)日：2001-02-06

申请号：US09188128

申请日：1998-11-09

申请人： Peter R. Bossard

发明人： Peter R. Bossard

IPC分类号： B01D5322

CPC分类号： B01D69/02 ,  B01D53/22 ,  B01D53/228 ,  B01D63/087 ,  B01D69/10 ,  B01D71/022 ,  B01D2323/10 ,  C01B3/501 ,  C01B3/505 ,  C01B2203/0405 ,  Y10S55/05

摘要： An assembly for separating molecular hydrogen from a volume of gas. The assembly includes a first conduit through which a gas at a first pressure flows, wherein the gas at least partially contains hydrogen. A second conduit intersects the first conduit. The second conduit is maintained at a pressure less than the first pressure of the first conduit. A hydrogen permeable membrane is disposed within the second conduit, wherein the membrane prevents the gas from flowing directly into the second conduit. Since the membrane is hydrogen permeable, a predetermined flow rate of hydrogen permeates through the membrane into the second conduit. The hydrogen permeable membrane contains a layer of hydrogen permeable material. The layer of hydrogen permeable material has a top surface and a bottom surface. A first metal mesh element is bonded to the top surface of the layer of hydrogen permeable material. Similarly, a second metal mesh element is bonded to the bottom surface of the layer of hydrogen permeable material, wherein the hydrogen permeable material is deformed into the second metal mesh. The mesh element supports the thin hydrogen permeable layer and prevents it from rupturing or collapsing.

摘要翻译： 用于从一定体积的气体中分离分子氢的组件。 组件包括第一导管，第一压力下的气体通过第一导管流动，其中气体至少部分地含有氢气。 第二导管与第一导管相交。 第二导管保持在小于第一导管的第一压力的压力。 氢可渗透膜设置在第二导管内，其中膜防止气体直接流入第二导管。 由于膜是氢可渗透的，所以预定的氢气流量通过膜渗透到第二导管中。 氢可渗透膜含有一层氢可渗透材料。 氢可渗透材料层具有顶表面和底表面。 第一金属网元件结合到氢可渗透材料层的顶表面。 类似地，第二金属网孔结合到氢可渗透材料层的底表面，其中氢可渗透材料变形成第二金属网。 网状元件支撑薄氢透过层，防止其破裂或塌陷。

公开(公告)号：US5119030A

公开(公告)日：1992-06-02

申请号：US526063

申请日：1990-05-18

申请人： Peter R. Bossard ,  Kevin D. Brown ,  Charles Hagen

发明人： Peter R. Bossard ,  Kevin D. Brown ,  Charles Hagen

IPC分类号： G01N27/61 ,  G01R29/14

CPC分类号： G01R29/14 ,  G01N27/61

摘要： Apparatus for determining the physical uniformity of a charged drum surface wherein current signals are induced in sensing electrodes in response to variation in drum surface charge. The sensing electrodes are on a detector assembly which is movable toward the drum for inspection of the surface and movable away from the drum after inspection when the drum is to be ejected from the apparatus. The detector assembly is movable through another degree of freedom to accommodate irregularities in drum geometry encountered during rotation thereof. The detector assembly also is provided with structure for maintaining a predetermined spacing of the sensing electrodes from the drum surface during relative movement therebetween. The drum is received, held, and rotated by co-operation between a drum retention assembly and a drum clamping mechanism. The retention assembly includes an arrangement of retainer arms which contact the drum inner surface and which are collapsed in response to forcible engagement of the drum by the drum clamping mechanism to allow rotation of the drum. The drum clamping mechanism is adjustable in two directions to accommodate various drum geometries, and it is movable away from the drum after inspection when the drum is to be ejected. An eject mechanism operatively associated with the drum retention assembly moves an inspected drum out of the apparatus to allow entry of a next drum to be inspected.

摘要翻译： 用于确定充电的鼓表面的物理均匀性的装置，其中响应于鼓表面电荷的变化在感测电极中感应出电流信号。 感测电极位于检测器组件上，该检测器组件可以朝着滚筒移动以检查表面，并且当滚筒从该装置中被排出时，在检查之后可移动离开滚筒。 检测器组件可移动通过另一自由度以适应在其旋转期间遇到的鼓形几何形状。 检测器组件还具有用于在它们之间的相对运动期间保持感测电极与鼓表面的预定间隔的结构。 鼓被容纳，保持并通过鼓保持组件和鼓夹紧机构之间的协作旋转。 保持组件包括保持臂的布置，该保持臂与滚筒内表面接触并且响应于鼓由夹紧机构强制地接合滚筒而折叠以允许滚筒旋转。 鼓夹紧机构可以在两个方向上调节以适应各种滚筒几何形状，并且当滚筒被弹出时，其可以在检查之后离开滚筒。 与鼓保持组件可操作地相关联的弹出机构将被检查的滚筒移出设备，以允许进入待检查的下一个滚筒。

公开(公告)号：US4818945A

公开(公告)日：1989-04-04

申请号：US855073

申请日：1986-04-22

申请人： Peter R. Bossard

发明人： Peter R. Bossard

IPC分类号： G01N27/60 ,  G01R19/28 ,  G01N27/22

CPC分类号： G01R19/28 ,  G01N27/60

摘要： A non contact voltmeter includes a multilayered structure adapted to configure a plurality of coupled capacitors in a manner to permit high speed operation. A high frequency input signal is applied to a plate capacitivity coupled to both the test object and a sensor. The structure is also configured to capacitivity couple the sensor directly to the test object. The structure allows for circuit configurations with low time constants permitting outputs at the input frequency as well as a small and inexpensive solid state configuration.

摘要翻译： 非接触式电压表包括多层结构，其适于以允许高速操作的方式配置多个耦合的电容器。 将高频输入信号施加到耦合到测试对象和传感器两者的板电容。 该结构还被配置成电容性将传感器直接耦合到测试对象。 该结构允许具有低时间常数的电路配置，允许在输入频率下的输出以及小且便宜的固态配置。

公开(公告)号：US4711118A

公开(公告)日：1987-12-08

申请号：US318330

申请日：1981-11-05

申请人： Peter R. Bossard ,  John A. Mucha

发明人： Peter R. Bossard ,  John A. Mucha

IPC分类号： G01N21/35 ,  G01N21/39 ,  G01N21/94 ,  G01N21/00 ,  G01M3/00

CPC分类号： G01N21/94 ,  G01N21/3554 ,  G01N21/39

摘要： The accuracy of measurements made to determine the extent of water vapor trapped upon encapsulation of an electronic device is significantly enhanced by carefully controlling the measurement technique employed. In particular, the encapsulant is generally punctured and the water vapor thus released is monitored. It has been found that to obtain an accurate measurement of the magnitude of the water vapor released, this measurement must be made within 0.1 second of the time of encapsulant punctured and released into a glass system. By using an absorption technique with suitable electronics, this time requirement is fulfilled and significantly more accurate quantitative measurements of entrapped water vapor are obtained.

摘要翻译： 通过仔细控制所采用的测量技术，可以显着提高用于确定电子设备封装时捕获的水蒸气的程度的测量精度。 特别地，密封剂通常被刺穿并且监测如此释放的水蒸气。 已经发现，为了获得对所释放的水蒸汽的大小的精确测量，该测量必须在密封剂刺穿和释放到玻璃体系中的0.1秒之内进行。 通过使用具有合适电子元件的吸收技术，满足此时间要求，并获得明显更精确的捕获水蒸汽的定量测量。