摘要:
A method for configuring network elements of a software-defined network on the basis of relation data items and action policy rules is presented. Each relation data item expresses two entities and their relationship and each action policy rule expresses an event and an action to be carried out in response to the event. The method comprises deriving (301) implicit relations between the entities on the basis of the relation data items and generating (303) the configuration data for the network elements on the basis of the relation data items, the action policy rules, and the derived implicit relations. The derivation of the implicit relations and the utilization of the derived implicit relations for generating the configuration data facilitate providing automated operation.
摘要:
A device (104) for controlling a clock signal generator includes a processing system configured to form a control quantity at least partly on the basis of reception moments of data frames belonging to a given flow, the reception moments being time values based on a clock signal prevailing at a receiver. The processing system controls the clock signal generator with the control quantity so as to achieve synchronization between the clock signal and another clock signal in accordance of which the data frames have been transmitted. In order to identify data frames belonging to the relevant flow, the processing system checks whether pre-determined bits of a received data frame constitute a bit pattern that occurs when the data frame belongs to the relevant flow. Therefore, the reception moments of data frames belonging to the relevant flow are obtainable without deep inspection of the received data frames.
摘要:
A network element (201) for a data transfer network comprises a processing system (221) for determining, in accordance with pre-determined rules, an eligibility indicator for each of data transfer paths providing access to a given destination. Each eligibility indicator is based on information related to the data transfer path under consideration, and the eligibility indicators of two or more of the data transfer paths express whether these two or more of the data transfer paths are eligible for being alternatives to each other for the purpose of e.g. load-sharing and/or protection. Differences which are between attributes of alternative data transfer paths but which are irrelevant from the viewpoint of load-sharing and/or protecting do not adversely prevent the load-sharing and/or protecting because the rules for determining the eligibility indicators can be defined so that the irrelevant differences have no effect on the determination of the eligibility indicators.
摘要:
An electrical device includes a magnetic sensor circuitry (101) for detecting magnetic field and for generating a detection signal in response to the detected magnetic field, and a control circuitry (102) for controlling operation of the electrical device in accordance with the detection signal. The magnetic sensor circuitry is configured to detect a direction related to a deviation of the magnetic field from the magnetic field of the earth, and the control circuitry is configured to control the operation of the electrical device in accordance with the detected direction. The electrical device can be controlled by using e.g. a permanent magnet (105) for directing, to the magnetic sensor circuitry, magnetic field deviating from the magnetic field of the earth and having a desired orientation. Thus, the electrical device can be controlled without an electrical connector or a radio interface.
摘要:
A method for optimizing entity-specific configuration systems for functional entities of a network element of a software-defined network is presented. The entity-specific configuration systems are based on a network element-specific configuration system related to the whole network element and including configuration entries for determining operations to be carried out by the network element. The method includes forming (401) relation data that indicates, for each of the functional entities, those of the configuration entries which are irrelevant to the functional entity under consideration so that operation of the functional entity is independent of these configuration entries. The relation data enables the entity-specific configuration systems to be constructed (402) so that the entity-specific configuration system of each functional entity is free from those configuration entries which, according to the relation data, are irrelevant to the functional entity under consideration. Therefore, resources for implementing the entity-specific configuration systems can be saved.
摘要:
A method for configuring a network element of a software-defined network “SDN” includes retrieving (401), for different look-up tables, a look-up table specific resource consumption estimate indicating a load factor of at least one component of the network element when running operations related to the look-up table, determining (402), on the basis of the look-up table specific resource consumption estimates, a resource consumption estimate for at least one look-up system including one or more of the look-up tables and having functionality suitable for the network element, and sending (404) to the network element, if the network element is capable (403) of running the look-up system, configuration data defining the look-up system. The method provides a possibility to avoid configuring network elements to overload and, on the other hand, the resource consumption estimates related to different network elements can be used for optimizing the software-defined network as a whole.
摘要:
A circuit board comprises one or more first electrical conductors (102-107) in a first portion of the thickness of the circuit board, one or more second electrical conductors (108, 109) in a second portion of the circuit board, at least one via-conductor (112) providing a galvanic current path between the first and second electrical conductors, a hole extending through the first and second portions of the circuit board, and an electrically conductive sleeve (114) lining the hole and having galvanic contacts with the second electrical conductors. The thermal resistance from the electrically conductive sleeve to the first electrical conductors is greater than the thermal resistance from the electrically conductive sleeve to the second electrical conductors so as to obtain a reliable solder joint between a part of the electrically conductive sleeve belonging to the first portion of the circuit board and an electrical conductor pin (119) located in the hole.
摘要:
Equipment including at least one plug-in unit (102) and a body device (101) for receiving the plug-in unit is presented. The equipment includes a circuit (124) including a test signal generator for supplying a test signal to a measurement circuit including galvanic contacts provided by electrical connectors between the body device and a plug-in unit so that the test signal belongs at least partly to a frequency band used in data transfer between the plug-in unit and the body device. The equipment includes a monitoring circuit for generating a signal indicative of a difference between a quantity responsive to the test signal and a reference. As the test signal belongs at least partly to the frequency band used in the data transfer, the quality of the galvanic contacts between the body device and the plug-in unit can be monitored concerning the behavior on the data transfer frequency band.
摘要:
An electrical device includes a circuit board (101), a light source (104), and a light guide (105). The light guide receives light from the light source and conducts the received light to an end of the light guide so that the light crosses, in a direction parallel with the circuit board, an edge of the circuit board. The end of the light guide constitutes a display surface for showing the light to a user. On a fringe area extending from the edge of the circuit board a distance (D) towards the opposite edge of the circuit board, the light guide is between geometrical planes parallel and coinciding with surfaces of the circuit board. Hence, the light guide does not require room in directions perpendicular to the circuit board. Therefore, for example, more connectors, key buttons, and/or other instruments can be placed on a control panel of the electrical device.
摘要:
A method for controlling a software-defined network “SDN” includes receiving (301) information provided by one or more external sources outside the software-defined network, generating (303) configuration data for changing configuration of one or more network elements of the software-defined network on the basis of the received information in response to a situation (302) where the received information indicates an occurred or forthcoming change of one or more operating conditions of the software-defined network, and sending (304) the configuration data to the network elements so as to adapt the software-defined network to changes of the one or more operating conditions. Therefore, the configuration capabilities provided by the software-defined networking are utilized for dynamically optimizing the software-defined network with respect to changes that are not necessarily indicated by information gathered inside the software-defined network but by information provided by the external sources outside the software-defined network.