Abstract:
A composition for solar cell electrodes, a solar cell electrode prepared from the composition, a solar cell, and a method of manufacturing the same, the composition including silver powder; silver iodide; glass frit; and an organic vehicle, wherein the silver iodide is present in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 30 wt %, based on a total weight of the composition.
Abstract:
A method of and system for cleaning semiconductor wafers minimizes the exposure of the wafers to the air by washing, rinsing and drying the wafers in one cleaning chamber. The system includes a wafer support by which a plurality of wafers can be supported in the cleaning chamber as oriented vertically and spaced from each other, and tubular de-ionized water supply nozzles extending longitudinally in the direction in which the wafers are spaced from each other as disposed to the sides of the wafers. Each de-ionized water supply nozzle has an inner nozzle passageway, and a plurality of sets of nozzle holes extending radially through the main body of the nozzle from the inner nozzle passageway. Each such set of nozzle holes subtends an angle of 80˜100° in a vertical plane and is directed towards a surface of a respective wafer W. During a primary rinse procedure, the de-ionized water is supplied to the de-ionized water spray nozzles, and the liquid in the cleaning chamber is simultaneously discharged from a lower part of the chamber and by being allowed to overflow the chamber. The supplying of the de-ionized water to the de-ionized water spray nozzles and the discharging of the cleaning chamber are carried out in proportions that minimize differences in the etching rate of a wafer across the surface thereof.
Abstract:
Provided is a control method of a control apparatus for a multi-cell communication system including a plurality of cells, the method including determining a cell edge terminal or an inner cell terminal from each of terminals included in each of the cells, and selecting, from base stations included in the plurality of cells, a first base station and a second base station. The first base station may serve all of a corresponding cell edge terminal and a corresponding inner cell terminal, and the second base station may serve only the corresponding inner cell terminal between the corresponding cell edge terminal and the corresponding inner cell terminal.
Abstract:
A flexible printed circuit board includes a base film made of an insulating material, a power application wiring disposed on a first surface of the base film, a bypass wiring disposed on a second surface, opposite the first surface, of the base film, a first connection wiring which electrically connects the power application wiring to the bypass wiring, a second connection wiring spaced apart from the first connection wiring and which electrically connects the power application wiring to the bypass wiring, and a first cover film disposed on the first surface of the base film to cover at least a first portion of the second connection wiring. At least a first portion of the first connection wiring is exposed through the first cover film.
Abstract:
A Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) apparatus for selectively performing Fast Hadamard transform (FHT), and a complementary code keying (CCK) modulation/demodulation apparatus using the same. An OFDM module and CCK module are integrated as one module having lower complexity compared to conventional scheme by embodying the CCK modulation using FFT structure in the OFDM module, and embodying the suboptimal and the optimized CCK modulations using FFT structure in OFDM module. CDMA, OFDM, CCK modules may be integrated as single module.
Abstract:
Provided is a transmitter for a multi-input multi-output system including: a memory for storing a modulation system and power allocation coefficient for each antenna; a modulating unit for modulating data to be transmitted using the modulation system for each antenna stored in the memory when the data to be transmitted is input; and a power adjusting unit for adjusting the power according to the power allocation coefficient for each antenna stored in the memory to transmit the data to be transmitted, modulated at the modulating unit, via a corresponding antenna. A higher performance gain can be provided compared to a conventional open loop V-BLAST system by using a different modulation system and power for each antenna of a transmitter.
Abstract:
A wireless modem is mounted to a terminal for wireless communication, and specifically controls an internal drive clock to reduce power consumption in an active mode. The wireless modem includes: a wireless core module for transmitting and receiving a radio signal; a modulator for converting data to be transmitted into a wireless transmission signal and transmitting the converted signal to the wireless core module; a demodulator for converting the signal received from the wireless core module into reception data; a synchronizer for synchronizing the signal received from the wireless core module; and a clock controller for generating a drive clock of each of the modulator, the demodulator, and the synchronizer. A low power clock controller is divided into six main functional blocks of a synchronizer, an analog controller, a modulator, a channel decoder, a demodulator, and a channel encoder, and has a feature that a clock is input only when a main functional block operates. As a result, it is possible to minimize power consumption caused by clock switching when an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Access (OFDMA) mobile station modem operates in an active mode through the clock controller.
Abstract:
Provided is a method for channel estimation increasing frequency band efficiency lost by using a pilot, and reducing sensitivity to channel zero, instability, and complexity. The method includes the steps of: (a) generating an i-th symbol block Si including N carriers; (b) performing an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) operation on the i-th symbol block and forming an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol block; (c) attaching a guard interval sample in front of the i-th OFDM symbol block Ui and forming at least one OFDM symbol block Ui,cp; and (d) modeling the formed OFDM symbol block Ui,cp with a channel finite impulse response (FIR) filter h and noise v and estimating channel impulse response using signals yi received through a channel.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to high selective herbicidal phenoxypropionic acid alkoxycarbonyl anilid compounds represented in formula 1, method of preparing thereof, their use to control barnyard grass produced from rice, and a composition as suitable herbicides, wherein R is a hydrogen atom, methyl or ethyl group; R1 is a hydrogen atom, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 of the group consisting of hydroxy, carboxyl, and a halogen atom, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C4 alkenyl, C3-C4 alkinyl, or C2-C4 alkoxyalkyl group; n is an integer of 1 or 2 and when n is 2, R1 can be a combination of other substituents.
Abstract:
A composition for solar cell electrodes includes silver powder; a silver alloy (AgX) that includes silver (Ag) and a metal (X), the silver alloy having a eutectic point of about 150° C. to about 900° C.; a glass frit; and an organic vehicle.