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    Process for the production of oxides
    1.
    发明授权
    Process for the production of oxides 失效
    氧化物生产工艺

    公开(公告)号：US5008414A

    公开(公告)日：1991-04-16

    申请号：US410435

    申请日：1989-09-21

    申请人： Ramakrishnan Ramachandran ,  Donald L. MacLean ,  Donald P. Satchell, Jr. ,  Virginia A. Malik

    发明人： Ramakrishnan Ramachandran ,  Donald L. MacLean ,  Donald P. Satchell, Jr. ,  Virginia A. Malik

    IPC分类号： C07C253/26 ,  C07C253/34 ,  C07D301/08

    CPC分类号： C07C253/26 ,  C07C253/34 ,  C07D301/08 ,  Y02P20/582

    摘要： An improved process is provided for the production of oxides from hydrocarbons by reaction with oxygen, air or a gas enriched in oxygen relative to air, preferably the latter in the presence of an oxidation catalyst. An alkane, e.g. propane, is converted to an alkene in a catalytic dehydrogenator. The product stream is introduced into an oxidation reactor. The product formed therein is recovered in a conventional quench tower. The gaseous effluent from the quench tower is treated in a separator to produce an adsorbed stream, an oxygen-enriched stream, a waste stream and, if desired, a hydrogen-enriched stream. The oxygen-enriched stream may be recycled to the oxidation reactor depending on the nitrogen content thereof. The adsorbed stream plus at least a portion of the hydrogen-enriched stream is introduced into a selective oxidation unit to remove the remaining oxygen and then recycled to the dehydrogenator. The remainder of the hydrogen-enriched stream, if any, may be taken as product or vented. The dehydrogenator may be a multistage dehydrogenator wherein the product stream is withdrawn from a reactor other than the first and last reactors, the recycle streams are introduced into the next sequential reactor and the effluent from the last reactor is introduced into the first reactor, a reactor having a similar alkane composition or directly into the oxidation reactor.

    Process for the production of nitriles
    2.
    发明授权
    Process for the production of nitriles 失效
    腈类生产工艺

    公开(公告)号：US4870201A

    公开(公告)日：1989-09-26

    申请号：US281581

    申请日：1988-12-08

    申请人： Ramakrishnan Ramachandran ,  Virginia A. Malik ,  Donald L. MacLean ,  Donald P. Satchell, Jr.

    发明人： Ramakrishnan Ramachandran ,  Virginia A. Malik ,  Donald L. MacLean ,  Donald P. Satchell, Jr.

    IPC分类号： C07D301/08 ,  C07B61/00 ,  C07C253/26 ,  C07C255/08 ,  C07D303/04

    CPC分类号： C07C253/26 ,  C07C253/24 ,  Y02P20/582

    摘要： An improved process is provided for the production of nitriles from hydrocarbons by reaction with oxygen, air or a gas enriched in oxygen relative to air, preferably the latter, and ammonia in the presence of an ammoxidation catalyst. An alkane, e.g., propane, is converted to an alkene in a catalytic dehydrogenator. The product stream is introduced into an ammoxidation reactor. The product formed therein is recovered in a conventional quench tower. The gaseous effluent from the quench tower is treated in a PSA unit comprising at least two pairs of adsorptive beds. The first bed forms a gas stream containing the unreacted alkane and alkene as well as a minor amount, typically 1-2 percent by volume, of oxygen and a vent stream containing oxygen, nitrogen if present, and hydrogen. The vent stream is introduced into the second adsorptive bed to thereby form an oxygen-containing stream which also contains, nitrogen, if present, and a hydrogen-enriched stream. The oxygen-containing stream may be recycled to the ammoxidation reactor depending on the nitrogen content thereof. The alkene/alkane stream plus at least a portion of the hydrogen stream is introduced into a selective oxidation unit to remove the remaining oxygen and then recycled to the dehydrogenator. The remainer of the hydrogen-enriched stream, if any, may be taken as product or vented. The dehydrogenator may be a multistage dehydrogenator wherein the product stream is withdrawn from a reactor other than the first and last reactors, the recycle streams are introduced into the next sequential reactor and the effluent from the last reactor is introduced into the first reactor, a reactor having a similar alkane composition or directly into the admmoxidation/oxidation reactor.

    摘要翻译： 提供了一种改进的方法，用于通过与氧气，空气或相对于空气富含氧的气体（优选后者）和氨在氨氧化催化剂存在下反应从烃生产腈。 烷烃例如丙烷在催化脱氢剂中转化为烯烃。 将产物流引入氨氧化反应器中。 其中形成的产品在常规的骤冷塔中回收。 来自骤冷塔的气态流出物在包含至少两对吸附床的PSA单元中进行处理。 第一床形成含有未反应的烷烃和烯烃的气流以及通常为1-2体积％的少量氧气和含有氧气，氮气（如果存在的话）和氢气的排放流。 将排出物流引入第二吸附床中，从而形成含有氮气（如果存在）和富氢物流的含氧物流。 含氧气流可以根据其含氮量再循环到氨氧化反应器中。 加入至少一部分氢气流的烯烃/烷烃流被引入选择性氧化装置以除去剩余的氧气，然后再循环到脱氢器中。 富含氢的物流的剩余物（如果有的话）可以作为产物或通风。 脱氢剂可以是多级脱氢器，其中产物流从除第一和最后反应器之外的反应器中排出，将再循环流引入下一个顺序反应器中，将来自最后一个反应器的流出物引入第一反应器，反应器 具有类似的烷烃组成或直接进入氧化/氧化反应器。

    Frangible catalyst pretreatment method for use in hydrocarbon hydrodemetallization process
    4.
    发明授权
    Frangible catalyst pretreatment method for use in hydrocarbon hydrodemetallization process 失效
    用于烃加氢脱金属过程的易碎催化剂预处理方法

    公开(公告)号：US4452911A

    公开(公告)日：1984-06-05

    申请号：US521861

    申请日：1983-08-10

    申请人： Richard M. Eccles ,  Allen S. U. Li ,  Shyy-Jong D. Lin ,  Virginia A. Malik ,  Michael C. Chervenak

    发明人： Richard M. Eccles ,  Allen S. U. Li ,  Shyy-Jong D. Lin ,  Virginia A. Malik ,  Michael C. Chervenak

    IPC分类号： B01J37/00 ,  C10G45/16 ,  C10G49/02 ,  B01J21/02 ,  B01J23/16 ,  B02C19/06 ,  B02C25/00

    CPC分类号： B01J37/00 ,  C10G2300/107 ,  Y10S502/503 ,  Y10S502/504 ,  Y10S502/514 ,  Y10S502/523

    摘要： Activated bauxite particulate material having usual nominal particle size range of 20-50 mesh (U.S. Sieve Series) is treated by fluidization in an upflowing gas so as to attrite the particles and stabilize the particle shape and size, thereby making the catalyst more uniform in shape and resistent to attrition in subsequent ebullated bed reactor operations. The treated activated bauxite catalyst material is then rescreened to provide a narrower differential size range having a particle equivalent diameter ratio range for large to small particles of about 1.4-2.0, and a preferred 20-30 mesh (U.S. Sieve Series) particle size range. The selected pretreated catalyst is then introduced into the ebullated bed reactor of a hydrodemetallization process for hydrocarbon feedstocks containing high metals concentration. Use of such pretreated bauxite catalyst particles results in improved reactor fluidization operations and less catalyst loss by attrition and carryover of fines from the reactor, and achieves improved results of 60-70 W % demetallization and 50-55 V % hydroconversion of the 975.degree. F..sup.30 fraction to lower boiling hydrocarbon products in a single stage operation.

    摘要翻译： 具有通常的标称粒度范围为20-50目（US筛系列）的活性铝土矿颗粒材料通过在向上流动的气体中流化处理，以分散颗粒并稳定颗粒形状和尺寸，从而使催化剂形状更均匀 并在后续沸腾床反应器操作中抵抗磨损。 然后将经处理的活化的铝土矿催化剂材料重新筛选以提供更窄的差异尺寸范围，其具有约1.4-2.0的大小颗粒的颗粒当量直径比范围，优选的20-30目（美国筛系列）粒度范围。 然后将选择的预处理催化剂引入用于含有高金属浓度的烃原料的加氢脱金属过程的沸腾床反应器中。 使用这种预处理的铝土矿催化剂颗粒导致改进的反应器流化操作和较少的催化剂损失，通过磨损和从反应器中携带细粉，并且实现了改善的结果，即60-70％的脱金属和50-55V％的975°F的加氢转化 在一个阶段操作中降低沸点的烃产物。