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公开(公告)号：US20090069610A1
公开(公告)日：2009-03-12
申请号：US11948006
申请日：2007-11-30
CPC分类号： C07C1/22 , C10G1/006 , C10G3/47 , C10G3/50 , C10G3/56 , C10G45/58 , C10G45/68 , C10G47/00 , C10G2300/1014 , C10G2300/1018 , C10G2300/4081 , C10G2300/44 , C10G2300/805 , C10G2400/02 , C10G2400/04 , C10G2400/08 , C11C3/10 , Y02E50/13 , Y02P30/20 , Y02T50/678
摘要： The present invention is directed to processes for the direct conversion of lipidic biomass fuelstock to combustible fuels. In particular, the invention provides a process for the direct conversion of animal fats to transportations fuels suitable as replacement for petroleum-derived transportation fuels. In one embodiment, the method comprises the steps of hydrolyzing a lipidic biomass to form free fatty acids, catalytically deoxygenating the free fatty acids to form n-alkanes, and reforming at least a portion of the n-alkanes into a mixture of compounds in the correct chain length, conformations, and ratio to be useful transportation fuels. Particularly, the product prepared according to the invention comprises mixtures of hydrocarbon compounds selected from the group consisting of n-alkanes, isoalkanes, aromatics, cycloalkanes, and combinations thereof.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及将脂质生物质燃料原料直接转化为可燃燃料的方法。 特别地，本发明提供了一种将动物脂肪直接转化为运输燃料的方法，该燃料适合作为替代石油衍生的运输燃料。 在一个实施方案中，该方法包括以下步骤：水解脂质生物质以形成游离脂肪酸，催化脱氧游离脂肪酸形成正烷烃，并将至少一部分正烷烃重整成化合物的混合物 正确的链长，构象和比例是有用的运输燃料。 特别地，根据本发明制备的产品包括选自正烷烃，异烷烃，芳族化合物，环烷烃及其组合的烃化合物的混合物。
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公开(公告)号：US20080305445A1
公开(公告)日：2008-12-11
申请号：US12133571
申请日：2008-06-05
CPC分类号： F23D11/24 , F23C2900/99009 , F23D11/404 , F23D11/446 , F23D11/448 , F23D2900/11403 , F23D2900/14124 , Y02E20/12 , Y02P30/20
摘要： The present invention is directed to a process for the clean and convenient combustion of high viscosity liquid fuels, such as glycerol, as well as an apparatus useful for carrying such processes. In certain embodiments, the invention provides a process for glycerol combustion comprising providing a combustion apparatus with a glycerol combustion chamber that facilitates reflective heating, pre-heating the glycerol combustion chamber, atomizing the reduced viscosity glycerol, and combining the atomized glycerol with air in the glycerol combustion chamber to thereby completely combust the glycerol. In one embodiment, such as when using a pressure-atomizing nozzle, the inventive method may further comprise treating the glycerol to reduce the glycerol viscosity.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及用于清洁和方便地燃烧高粘度液体燃料如甘油的方法，以及用于承载这些方法的装置。 在某些实施方案中，本发明提供了一种用于甘油燃烧的方法，包括提供具有甘油燃烧室的燃烧装置，所述甘油燃烧室有助于反应加热，预热甘油燃烧室，雾化还原粘度甘油，以及将雾化的甘油与 甘油燃烧室，从而完全燃烧甘油。 在一个实施方案中，例如当使用压力雾化喷嘴时，本发明的方法还可以包括处理甘油以降低甘油粘度。
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公开(公告)号：US5501423A
公开(公告)日：1996-03-26
申请号：US319314
申请日：1994-10-06
申请人： William L. Roberts
发明人： William L. Roberts
摘要： A portable easel with tray and table composed of two legs, joined at the top by a crosspiece having in it pegs for hanging a thin, rigid easel board to serve as backing for commercially available easel pads. The legs pass through holes at their approximate midpoint in a tray table which senses as a tray for marking instruments in the front, a table for papers, books and the like in the rear, and which holds the legs in their splayed position. The tray table rests on fittings which support the upper structures, join the legs laterally for rigidity at their midpoint, and into which the lower portion of the legs may be fitted and removed. The lower ends of the legs have rubber tips to increase friction with the floor, or may be attached to a rectangular base to afford greater stability. The lower halves of the legs, when removed, enable the easel to function as a table model, and reduce the size of the structure for transport and storage. The structure will support chalk boards, white boards and bulletin boards on both its front and rear faces. The elements may be made so they can be slipped apart in order to be transported or stored in a small package. The lower portion of the legs may be reduced in length for use by children.
摘要翻译： 一个便携式画架，托盘和桌子由两条腿组成，顶部由一个横档连接在一起，挂在一个薄的刚性画架板上，用作商业上可用的画架背衬。 腿部在托盘表中的大致中点处穿过孔，其感测为用于在前面标记仪器的托盘，在后面的纸张，书籍等的桌子，并且将腿保持在其张开位置。 托盘台靠在支撑上部结构的配件上，侧面地将腿部连接在其中点处的刚性，并且腿部的下部可以被安装和移除到该配件中。 腿的下端具有橡胶尖端以增加与地板的摩擦，或者可以附接到矩形基座以提供更大的稳定性。 腿的下半部分，当移除时，使画架能够作为一个桌子模型，并减少运输和存储结构的大小。 该结构将支持其前面和后面的粉笔板，白板和公告板。 元件可以制成使得它们可以滑脱分开，以便被运输或存储在小包装中。 腿的下部可以减小长度以供儿童使用。
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公开(公告)号：US07816570B2
公开(公告)日：2010-10-19
申请号：US11948006
申请日：2007-11-30
CPC分类号： C07C1/22 , C10G1/006 , C10G3/47 , C10G3/50 , C10G3/56 , C10G45/58 , C10G45/68 , C10G47/00 , C10G2300/1014 , C10G2300/1018 , C10G2300/4081 , C10G2300/44 , C10G2300/805 , C10G2400/02 , C10G2400/04 , C10G2400/08 , C11C3/10 , Y02E50/13 , Y02P30/20 , Y02T50/678
摘要： A process for the direct conversion of lipid biomass fuel stock to combustible fuels include the steps of hydrolyzing a lipid biomass to form free fatty acids, catalytically deoxygenating the free fatty acids to from n-alkanes, and reforming at least a portion of the n-alkanes into a mixture of compounds having the correct chain length, conformations and ratio to be useful as transportation fuels. The process exhibits an overall energy efficiency of at least about 75%, wherein energy efficiency is calculated as the lower heating value of the produced transportation fuel over the sum of the lower heating value of the process reactants and the total energy input into the process.
摘要翻译： 将脂质生物质燃料原料直接转化为可燃性燃料的方法包括以下步骤：水解脂质生物质以形成游离脂肪酸，将游离脂肪酸催化脱氧为从正烷烃，并重整至少一部分正链烷烃; 烷烃变成具有正确链长度，构象和比例的化合物的混合物，可用作运输燃料。 该方法表现出至少约75％的总能量效率，其中，将能量效率计算为所生产的运输燃料的较低热值超过工艺反应物的较低热值与输入到该方法中的总能量之和的总和。
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公开(公告)号：US4237446A
公开(公告)日：1980-12-02
申请号：US61529
申请日：1979-07-27
申请人： William L. Roberts
发明人： William L. Roberts
摘要： An improved clearance detecting device for warning the driver of a vehicle of a impending obstruction. In a detecting device consisting of a base, an antenna, spring means connecting the base and antenna, and an electrical circuit with an alarm device and normally open switch means, the improvement consists of switch means comprising a contact surface and an elongate spring with two ends. One end of the spring is attached to the clearance detector device while the other end is responsive when the antenna is deflected to engage the contact surface so that the electrical circuit is closed and the alarm device activated.
摘要翻译： 一种改进的间隙检测装置，用于警告即将到来的障碍物的车辆的驾驶员。 在由基座，天线，连接基座和天线的弹簧装置以及具有报警装置和常开开关装置的电路组成的检测装置中，改进包括开关装置，开关装置包括接触表面和具有两个 结束。 弹簧的一端连接到间隙检测器装置，而另一端在天线偏转以接合接触表面时响应，使得电路闭合并且报警装置被激活。
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公开(公告)号：US08496472B2
公开(公告)日：2013-07-30
申请号：US12133571
申请日：2008-06-05
CPC分类号： F23D11/24 , F23C2900/99009 , F23D11/404 , F23D11/446 , F23D11/448 , F23D2900/11403 , F23D2900/14124 , Y02E20/12 , Y02P30/20
摘要： The present invention is directed to a process for the clean and convenient combustion of high viscosity liquid fuels, such as glycerol, as well as an apparatus useful for carrying such processes. In certain embodiments, the invention provides a process for glycerol combustion comprising providing a combustion apparatus with a glycerol combustion chamber that facilitates reflective heating, pre-heating the glycerol combustion chamber, atomizing the reduced viscosity glycerol, and combining the atomized glycerol with air in the glycerol combustion chamber to thereby completely combust the glycerol. In one embodiment, such as when using a pressure-atomizing nozzle, the inventive method may further comprise treating the glycerol to reduce the glycerol viscosity.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及用于清洁和方便地燃烧高粘度液体燃料如甘油的方法，以及用于承载这些方法的装置。 在某些实施方案中，本发明提供了一种用于甘油燃烧的方法，包括提供具有甘油燃烧室的燃烧装置，所述甘油燃烧室有助于反应加热，预热甘油燃烧室，雾化还原粘度甘油，以及将雾化的甘油与 甘油燃烧室，从而完全燃烧甘油。 在一个实施方案中，例如当使用压力雾化喷嘴时，本发明的方法还可以包括处理甘油以降低甘油粘度。
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公开(公告)号：US20120108861A1
公开(公告)日：2012-05-03
申请号：US13293764
申请日：2011-11-10
IPC分类号： C10L1/04
CPC分类号： C07C1/22 , C10G1/006 , C10G3/47 , C10G3/50 , C10G3/56 , C10G45/58 , C10G45/68 , C10G47/00 , C10G2300/1014 , C10G2300/1018 , C10G2300/4081 , C10G2300/44 , C10G2300/805 , C10G2400/02 , C10G2400/04 , C10G2400/08 , C11C3/10 , Y02E50/13 , Y02P30/20 , Y02T50/678
摘要： The present invention is directed to processes for the direct conversion of lipidic biomass fuelstock to combustible fuels. In particular, the invention provides a process for the direct conversion of animal fats to transportations fuels suitable as replacement for petroleum-derived transportation fuels. In one embodiment, the method comprises the steps of hydrolyzing a lipidic biomass to form free fatty acids, catalytically deoxygenating the free fatty acids to form n-alkanes, and reforming at least a portion of the n-alkanes into a mixture of compounds in the correct chain length, conformations, and ratio to be useful transportation fuels. Particularly, the product prepared according to the invention comprises mixtures of hydrocarbon compounds selected from the group consisting of n-alkanes, isoalkanes, aromatics, cycloalkanes, and combinations thereof.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及将脂质生物质燃料原料直接转化为可燃燃料的方法。 特别地，本发明提供了一种将动物脂肪直接转化为运输燃料的方法，该燃料适合作为替代石油衍生的运输燃料。 在一个实施方案中，该方法包括水解脂质生物质以形成游离脂肪酸，催化脱氧游离脂肪酸以形成正烷烃并将至少一部分正烷烃重整成化合物的混合物的步骤 正确的链长，构象和比例是有用的运输燃料。 特别地，根据本发明制备的产品包括选自正烷烃，异烷烃，芳族化合物，环烷烃及其组合的烃化合物的混合物。
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公开(公告)号：US08350102B2
公开(公告)日：2013-01-08
申请号：US12897318
申请日：2010-10-04
IPC分类号： C07C4/00
CPC分类号： C07C1/22 , C10G1/006 , C10G3/47 , C10G3/50 , C10G3/56 , C10G45/58 , C10G45/68 , C10G47/00 , C10G2300/1014 , C10G2300/1018 , C10G2300/4081 , C10G2300/44 , C10G2300/805 , C10G2400/02 , C10G2400/04 , C10G2400/08 , C11C3/10 , Y02E50/13 , Y02P30/20 , Y02T50/678
摘要： The present disclosure is directed to processes for the direct conversion of lipidic biomass fuelstock to combustible fuels. In particular, the disclosure provides a process for the direct conversion of animal fats to transportations fuels suitable as replacement for petroleum-derived transportation fuels. In an example, the method comprises the steps of hydrolyzing a lipidic biomass to form free fatty acids, catalytically deoxygenating the free fatty acids to form n-alkanes, and reforming at least a portion of the n-alkanes into a mixture of compounds in the correct chain length, conformations, and ratio to be useful transportation fuels. Particularly, the product prepared comprises mixtures of hydrocarbon compounds selected from the group consisting of n-alkanes, isoalkanes, aromatics, cycloalkanes, and combinations thereof.
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公开(公告)号：US20110105813A1
公开(公告)日：2011-05-05
申请号：US12897318
申请日：2010-10-04
CPC分类号： C07C1/22 , C10G1/006 , C10G3/47 , C10G3/50 , C10G3/56 , C10G45/58 , C10G45/68 , C10G47/00 , C10G2300/1014 , C10G2300/1018 , C10G2300/4081 , C10G2300/44 , C10G2300/805 , C10G2400/02 , C10G2400/04 , C10G2400/08 , C11C3/10 , Y02E50/13 , Y02P30/20 , Y02T50/678
摘要： The present invention is directed to processes for the direct conversion of lipidic biomass fuelstock to combustible fuels. In particular, the invention provides a process for the direct conversion of animal fats to transportations fuels suitable as replacement for petroleum-derived transportation fuels. In one embodiment, the method comprises the steps of hydrolyzing a lipidic biomass to form free fatty acids, catalytically deoxygenating the free fatty acids to form n-alkanes, and reforming at least a portion of the n-alkanes into a mixture of compounds in the correct chain length, conformations, and ratio to be useful transportation fuels. Particularly, the product prepared according to the invention comprises mixtures of hydrocarbon compounds selected from the group consisting of n-alkanes, isoalkanes, aromatics, cycloalkanes, and combinations thereof.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及将脂质生物质燃料原料直接转化为可燃燃料的方法。 特别地，本发明提供了一种将动物脂肪直接转化为运输燃料的方法，该燃料适合作为替代石油衍生的运输燃料。 在一个实施方案中，该方法包括水解脂质生物质以形成游离脂肪酸，催化脱氧游离脂肪酸以形成正烷烃并将至少一部分正烷烃重整成化合物的混合物的步骤 正确的链长，构象和比例是有用的运输燃料。 特别地，根据本发明制备的产品包括选自正烷烃，异烷烃，芳族化合物，环烷烃及其组合的烃化合物的混合物。
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公开(公告)号：US08350103B2
公开(公告)日：2013-01-08
申请号：US13293764
申请日：2011-11-10
CPC分类号： C07C1/22 , C10G1/006 , C10G3/47 , C10G3/50 , C10G3/56 , C10G45/58 , C10G45/68 , C10G47/00 , C10G2300/1014 , C10G2300/1018 , C10G2300/4081 , C10G2300/44 , C10G2300/805 , C10G2400/02 , C10G2400/04 , C10G2400/08 , C11C3/10 , Y02E50/13 , Y02P30/20 , Y02T50/678
摘要： The present disclosure is directed to processes for the direct conversion of lipidic biomass fuelstock to combustible fuels. In particular, the disclosure provides a process for the direct conversion of animal fats to transportations fuels suitable as replacement for petroleum-derived transportation fuels. In an example, the method comprises the steps of hydrolyzing a lipidic biomass to form free fatty acids, catalytically deoxygenating the free fatty acids to form n-alkanes, and reforming at least a portion of the n-alkanes into a mixture of compounds in the correct chain length, conformations, and ratio to be useful transportation fuels. Particularly, the product prepared comprises mixtures of hydrocarbon compounds selected from the group consisting of n-alkanes, isoalkanes, aromatics, cycloalkanes, and combinations thereof.
摘要翻译： 本公开涉及将脂质生物质燃料原料直接转化为可燃燃料的方法。 特别地，本公开提供了将动物脂肪直接转化为适合作为替代石油衍生的运输燃料的运输燃料的方法。 在一个实例中，该方法包括以下步骤：水解脂质生物质以形成游离脂肪酸，催化脱氧游离脂肪酸形成正烷烃，并将至少一部分正烷烃重整成化合物的混合物 正确的链长，构象和比例是有用的运输燃料。 特别地，制备的产物包括选自正烷烃，异烷烃，芳族化合物，环烷烃及其组合的烃化合物的混合物。
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