摘要:
Method and apparatus for detecting the presence of or removing chlorine in a gaseous product stream from a chlorine dioxide generator by mixing gaseous ammonia or ammonia vapors with the product stream and either observing smoke generated by the reaction of ammonia with any chlorine present in the chlorine dioxide product stream or separating reaction products from the chlorine dioxide.
摘要:
Raw water is treated with chlorine, chlorine dioxide and ammonia in various stages as it proceeds from raw water acquisition through clarification (e.g., coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration) to storage of finished water from which the treated water can be introduced into a distribution system. Chlorine dioxide can be used as a pre-oxidant or disinfectant. Chlorine can be used as a disinfectant or to react with ammonia to produce monochloramine.
摘要:
An optical apparatus consisting of a laser for producing a coherent polarized beam of electromagnetic radiation of a preselected wavelength. A substrate of silicon has a first transparent cover layer for receiving the polarized beam substantially normally incident thereto, an a second transparent guide layer for receiving the polarized beam from said first layer and for supporting at least one resonant mode. The first and second layers have a preselected index of refraction and a grating is interposed between them, having a grating period less than half the preselected wavelength. The layers and grating interact to produce a standing wave resonance by Bragg reflection. A control obtains a resonance wavelength in the guide layer equal to the predetermined radiation wavelength and thereby high reflectance to modulate the polarized beam.
摘要:
A device is presented having reversibly changeable and optically readable optical properties. The device comprises a substrate having an electrically conductive surface and carrying a redox-active layer structure. The redox-active layer structure may be a monolayer or a multi-layer structure and is configured to have at least one predetermined electronic property including at least one of electrodensity and oxidation state. The electronic property of the layer structure defines an optical property of the structure thereby determining an optical response of the structure to certain incident light. This at least one electronic property is changeable by subjecting the redox-active layer structure to an electric field or to a redox-active material. The device thus enables effecting a change in said electronic property that results in a detectable change in the optical response of the layer structure.
摘要:
To facilitate faster, more efficient, and more effective extraction of information from patent file histories, the present inventors, devised among other things, systems and method for tracking changes to patent claims, specifications, and/or drawings that are shown in file wrappers. One exemplary system graphically displays the patent family and/or file wrapper timeline. Another reports information about a specific patent, an examiner, a technology area, and other patent related information that can be pulled from the file wrapper.
摘要:
Gaseous mixture of chlorine dioxide and chlorine produced by reacting an inorganic acid with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal chlorate by controlled introduction of the inorganic acid into the aqueous solution of alkali metal chlorate. Inorganic acid passed through a volume of alkali metal chlorate flowing through a horizontal reactor in a plug flow regime results in an enhanced gaseous mixture of chlorine dioxide, chlorine and steam that can be withdrawn as a product stream.
摘要:
Gaseous mixture of chlorine dioxide and chlorine produced by reacting an inorganic acid with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal chlorate by controlled introduction of the inorganic acid into the aqueous solution of alkali metal chlorate. Inorganic acid passed through a volume of alkali metal chlorate flowing through a horizontal reactor in a plug flow regime results in an enhanced gaseous mixture of chlorine dioxide, chlorine and steam that can be withdrawn as a product stream.
摘要:
An optical apparatus consisting of a laser for producing a coherent polarized beam of electromagnetic radiation of a preselected wavelength. A substrate of silicon has a first transparent cover layer for receiving the polarized beam substantially normally incident thereto, and a second transparent guide layer for receiving the polarized beam from the first layer and for supporting at least one resonant mode. The first and second layers have a preselected index of refraction and a grating is interposed between them, having a grating period less than half the preselected wavelength. The layers and grating interact to produce a standing wave resonance by Bragg reflection. A control obtains a resonance wavelength in the guide layer equal to the predetermined radiation wavelength and thereby high reflectance to modulate the polarized beam. The grating can be optimized for angular bandwidth by controlling the grating's Fourier components either in a single layer or in two grating layers which can also include a termination.
摘要:
A device is presented having reversibly changeable and optically readable optical properties. The device comprises a substrate having an electrically conductive surface and carrying a redox-active layer structure. The redox-active layer structure may be a monolayer or a multi-layer structure and is configured to have at least one predetermined electronic property including at least one of electrodensity and oxidation state. The electronic property of the layer structure defines an optical property of the structure thereby determining an optical response of the structure to certain incident light. This at least one electronic property is changeable by subjecting the redox-active layer structure to an electric field or to a redox-active material. The device thus enables effecting a change in said electronic property that results in a detectable change in the optical response of the layer structure.
摘要:
The invention features a novel gene encoding methionine synthase reductase. The invention also features a method for detecting an increased likelihood of hyperhomocysteinemia and, in turn, an increased or decreased likelihood of neural tube defects, cardiovascular disease, Down's Syndrome or cancer. The invention also features therapeutic methods for treating and/or reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease, Down's Syndrome, cancer, or neural tube defects. Also provided are the sequences of the human methionine synthase reductase gene and protein and compounds and kits for performing the methods of the invention.