公开(公告)号：US4721385A

公开(公告)日：1988-01-26

申请号：US940156

申请日：1986-12-09

申请人： Albert V. Jelalian ,  Wayne H. Keene ,  Charles M. Sonnenschein ,  Clarke E. Harris ,  Clifford E. Morrow

发明人： Albert V. Jelalian ,  Wayne H. Keene ,  Charles M. Sonnenschein ,  Clarke E. Harris ,  Clifford E. Morrow

IPC分类号： G01S17/32 ,  G01S17/42 ,  G01S17/50 ,  G01C3/08 ,  G01B11/26 ,  G01C1/00

CPC分类号： G01S17/42 ,  G01S17/325 ,  G01S17/50

摘要： A scanning laser radar system utilizing a frequency modulated (fm)-continuous wave (cw) beam to coherently detect echo signal returns from an object in a predetermined region. The frequency of the beam is repeatedly changed as a function of time to produce a symmetrical triangular-shaped frequency modulated waveform. The echo signals received are frequency shifted, as a function of range and Doppler shift, from the signal being transmitted at that time. The frequency shift is detected by homodyning a portion of the instantaneous transmitted signal with the received echo signal to produce an output signal having a frequency which is substantially constant during a portion of the frequency modulation period. The constant frequency portion of the output signal is related to the range and Doppler speed of the target. Target information such as range, Doppler speed, intensity and angle information are derived by processing the output signal. The signal to noise ratio of the output signal is improved by using a frequency modulation period greater than the scanning time across an arc of a size equal to a predetermined multiple of the beamwidth because with such relationship the time duration of the constant amplitude portion of the output signal is increased. Further, with such arrangement, because of the relatively long modulation period, the ambiguity in detection of the range to the target is reduced. The system is particularly useful in terrain following or obstacle avoidance applications.

摘要翻译： 利用频率调制（fm） - 连续波（cw）波束的扫描激光雷达系统相干地检测来自预定区域中的物体的回波信号返回。 光束的频率作为时间的函数重复改变以产生对称的三角形调频波形。 接收到的回波信号作为距离和多普勒频移的函数从当时发送的信号进行频移。 通过用接收到的回波信号对瞬时发送信号的一部分进行差分来检测频移，以产生在频率调制周期的一部分期间具有基本恒定的频率的输出信号。 输出信号的恒定频率部分与目标的范围和多普勒速度有关。 通过处理输出信号来导出诸如范围，多普勒速度，强度和角度信息的目标信息。 通过使用大于等于波束宽度的预定倍数的大小的弧的扫描时间的频率调制周期来改善输出信号的信噪比，因为这样的关系是恒定振幅部分的持续时间 输出信号增加。 此外，通过这样的配置，由于相对长的调制周期，检测到目标的范围的模糊性降低。 该系统在地形跟踪或避障应用中特别有用。

公开(公告)号：US5395480A

公开(公告)日：1995-03-07

申请号：US968020

申请日：1992-10-29

申请人： Poonam Bhardwaj ,  Mary Beth Bauman ,  Otto Gregory ,  Gong-En Gu ,  Clifford E. Morrow

发明人： Poonam Bhardwaj ,  Mary Beth Bauman ,  Otto Gregory ,  Gong-En Gu ,  Clifford E. Morrow

IPC分类号： F16L11/14 ,  G02B6/032 ,  B44C1/22 ,  C23F1/00

CPC分类号： G02B6/032 ,  F16L11/14

摘要： The present application discloses a method and apparatus for making a low cost and highly efficient hollow waveguide for transmitting electromagnetic radiation. The waveguide is made from a solid substrate monolithic hollow tube with a reflectivity enhancing dielectric film formed directly over the inner surface. The film can be formed by native chemical reactions, with the material of the monolithic, hollow tube. The present application also discloses a method of polishing and cleaning the inner surface of the hollow tube. One of the problems identified with the hollow metallic waveguide has been the poor surface finish on the inner wall of the hollow tube which results from the processes used to fabricate the metallic tube into final form. The coated reflectivity enhancing dielectric films more or less duplicate the surface roughness in the as formed tube thus seriously affecting the performance of the waveguide especially at the shorter wavelengths. The interior surface of the as received metal tubes can be significantly improved by chemically polishing and cleaning the tube and thereby improving the transmission characteristic of the wave guides for both infrared and visible wavelengths.

摘要翻译： 本申请公开了一种用于制造用于传输电磁辐射的低成本和高效空心波导的方法和装置。 波导由固体基板单片中空管制成，其中反射增强电介质膜直接形成在内表面上。 该膜可以通过天然化学反应与单片中空管的材料形成。 本申请还公开了一种抛光和清洁中空管内表面的方法。 用中空金属波导识别的问题之一是中空管的内壁上的表面光洁度差，这是由用于将金属管制成最终形式的工艺产生的。 涂覆的反射增强电介质膜或多或少地复制成形管中的表面粗糙度，从而严重影响波导的性能，特别是在较短波长处。 作为接收的金属管的内表面可以通过化学抛光和清洁管而显着改善，从而提高波导的红外和可见波长的传输特性。

公开(公告)号：US5480050A

公开(公告)日：1996-01-02

申请号：US355741

申请日：1994-12-14

申请人： Clifford E. Morrow ,  Otto Gregory ,  Poonam Bhardwaj ,  Gong-En Gu

发明人： Clifford E. Morrow ,  Otto Gregory ,  Poonam Bhardwaj ,  Gong-En Gu

IPC分类号： F16L11/14 ,  G02B6/032 ,  B29D11/00 ,  B44C1/22 ,  C23F1/00

CPC分类号： G02B6/032 ,  F16L11/14

摘要： The present application discloses a method and apparatus for making a low cost and highly efficient hollow waveguide for transmitting electromagnetic radiation. The waveguide is made from a solid substrate monolithic hollow tube with a reflectivity enhancing dielectric film formed directly over the inner surface. The film can be formed by native chemical reactions, with the material of the monolithic, hollow tube. The present application also discloses a method of polishing and cleaning the inner surface of the hollow tube. One of the problems identified with the hollow metallic waveguide has been the poor surface finish on the inner wall of the hollow tube which results from the processes used to fabricate the metallic tube into final form. The coated reflectivity enhancing dielectric films more or less duplicate the surface roughness in the as formed tube thus seriously affecting the performance of the waveguide especially at the shorter wavelengths. The interior surface of the as received metal tubes can be significantly improved by chemically polishing and cleaning the tube and thereby improving the transmission characteristic of the wave guides for both infrared and visible wavelengths.

摘要翻译： 本申请公开了一种用于制造用于传输电磁辐射的低成本和高效空心波导的方法和装置。 波导由固体基板单片中空管制成，其中反射增强电介质膜直接形成在内表面上。 该膜可以通过天然化学反应与单片中空管的材料形成。 本申请还公开了一种抛光和清洁中空管内表面的方法。 用中空金属波导识别的问题之一是中空管的内壁上的表面光洁度差，这是由用于将金属管制成最终形式的工艺产生的。 涂覆的反射增强电介质膜或多或少地复制成形管中的表面粗糙度，从而严重影响波导的性能，特别是在较短波长处。 作为接收的金属管的内表面可以通过化学抛光和清洁管而显着改善，从而提高波导的红外和可见波长的传输特性。

公开(公告)号：US5325458A

公开(公告)日：1994-06-28

申请号：US832708

申请日：1992-02-07

申请人： Clifford E. Morrow ,  Otto Gregory ,  Poonam Bhardwag ,  Gong-En Gu ,  Mary B. Bauman

发明人： Clifford E. Morrow ,  Otto Gregory ,  Poonam Bhardwag ,  Gong-En Gu ,  Mary B. Bauman

IPC分类号： F16L11/14 ,  G02B6/032 ,  G02B6/20

CPC分类号： G02B6/032 ,  F16L11/14

摘要： The present application discloses a method and apparatus for making a low cost and highly efficient hollow waveguide for transmitting electromagnetic radiation. The waveguide is made from a solid substrate monolithic hollow tube with a reflectivity enhancing dielectric film formed directly over the inner surface. The film can be formed by native chemical reactions, with the material of the monolithic, hollow tube. The present application also discloses a method of polishing and cleaning the inner surface of the hollow tube.One of the problems identified with the hollow metallic waveguide has been the poor surface finish on the inner wall of the hollow tube which results from the processes used to fabricate the metallic tube into final form. The coated reflectivity enhancing dielectric films more or less duplicate the surface roughness in the as formed tube thus seriously affecting the performance of the waveguide especially at the shorter wavelengths. The interior surface of the as received metal tubes can be significantly improved by chemically polishing and cleaning the tube and thereby improving the transmission characteristic of the wave guides for both infrared and visible wavelengths.

摘要翻译： 本申请公开了一种用于制造用于传输电磁辐射的低成本和高效空心波导的方法和装置。 波导由固体基板单片中空管制成，其中反射增强电介质膜直接形成在内表面上。 该膜可以通过天然化学反应与单片中空管的材料形成。 本申请还公开了一种抛光和清洁中空管内表面的方法。 用中空金属波导识别的问题之一是中空管的内壁上的表面光洁度差，这是由用于将金属管制成最终形式的工艺产生的。 涂覆的反射增强电介质膜或多或少地复制成形管中的表面粗糙度，从而严重影响波导的性能，特别是在较短波长处。 作为接收的金属管的内表面可以通过化学抛光和清洁管而显着改善，从而提高波导的红外和可见波长的传输特性。

公开(公告)号：US5172264A

公开(公告)日：1992-12-15

申请号：US658920

申请日：1991-02-21

申请人： Clifford E. Morrow

发明人： Clifford E. Morrow

IPC分类号： A61B17/00 ,  A61B18/20 ,  A61C1/00 ,  A61F2/46

CPC分类号： A61B18/20 ,  A61B17/8847 ,  A61B2017/00154 ,  A61C1/0046

摘要： An apparatus comprising a continuous wave (CW) laser and a transverse electrode atmospheric (TEA) pulsed laser, the continuous wave laser and transverse electrode atmospheric pulsed laser each producing laser beams, the laser beams from each of the lasers being provided to an optical mixer for combing the two laser beams into an output beam. The output beam can be either laser beam individually, or a combined coaxial beam wherein the CW laser beam and TEA pulsed laser beam are superimposed on each other. Preferably, the two lasers are CO.sub.2 lasers. The CW laser can also be operated in a pulsed mode. The device is particularly useful for medical and surgical treatment and provides effects not possible before.

摘要翻译： 一种包括连续波（CW）激光器和横向电极大气（TEA）脉冲激光器的装置，连续波激光器和横向电极大气脉冲激光器都产生激光束，每个激光器的激光束被提供给光学混合器 用于将两个激光束组合成输出光束。 输出光束可以是单独的激光束，也可以是组合的同轴光束，其中CW激光束和TEA脉冲激光束彼此叠加。 优选地，两个激光器是CO2激光器。 CW激光器也可以以脉冲模式操作。 该装置对于医疗和手术治疗特别有用，并提供以前不可能实现的效果。

公开(公告)号：US08295319B2

公开(公告)日：2012-10-23

申请号：US12952289

申请日：2010-11-23

申请人： Clifford E. Morrow ,  Wendelin Weingartner

发明人： Clifford E. Morrow ,  Wendelin Weingartner

IPC分类号： H01S3/03

CPC分类号： H01S3/0315 ,  H01S3/005 ,  H01S3/03 ,  H01S3/032 ,  H01S3/0323 ,  H01S3/034 ,  H01S3/08081 ,  H01S3/0971

摘要： A laser may comprise a ceramic body defining a chamber therein containing a laser gas. The ceramic body may include a plurality of parallel walls that partially define a first section of the chamber, the first section of the chamber defining a waveguide. The ceramic body may further include a plurality of oblique walls that partially define a second section of the chamber, the second section of the chamber being shaped to modify a transverse profile of a laser beam traveling through the second section of the chamber. The laser may further comprise a plurality of electrodes positioned outside the ceramic body and adjacent to the plurality of parallel walls such that only laser gas within the first section of the chamber is excited when an excitation signal is applied to the plurality of electrodes.

摘要翻译： 激光器可以包括限定其中包含激光气体的室的陶瓷体。 陶瓷体可以包括部分地限定腔室的第一部分的多个平行壁，腔室的第一部分限定波导。 陶瓷体还可以包括多个部分地限定腔室的第二部分的倾斜壁，腔室的第二部分被成形为修改穿过腔室的第二部分的激光束的横向轮廓。 激光器还可以包括位于陶瓷体外部并且邻近多个平行壁的多个电极，使得当向多个电极施加激励信号时，只激活腔室的第一部分内的激光气体。

公开(公告)号：US5043997A

公开(公告)日：1991-08-27

申请号：US730123

申请日：1985-05-03

申请人： Clifford E. Morrow ,  Richard S. Eng

发明人： Clifford E. Morrow ,  Richard S. Eng

IPC分类号： H01S3/036 ,  H01S3/038

CPC分类号： H01S3/036 ,  H01S3/038

摘要： A laser is provided comprising a laser envelope and a gain medium disposed in the laser envelope. The gain medium comprises a compound subject to dissociation into a plurality of components. Circuitry is included for generating an electrical discharge in the laser envelope, a portion of the electrical discharge passing through the gain medium and disassociating a portion of the compound thereof into the plurality of components. The discharge generating circuitry comprises a cathode, the cathode comprising a first portion for emitting the electrical discharge toward an anode. Such first portion comprises a catalyst for aiding the recombination of the dissociated plurality of components. The first portion of the cathode sputters particulates therefrom during the electrical discharge and a surface is disposed within the laser envelope for collecting the sputtered particulates. Means, including a second portion of said cathode, are additionally provided for spacing the first portion of the cathode sufficiently from the collecting surface to substantially prevent the electrical discharge from being emitted from the first portion to the collected particulate, and thereby constrain the electrical discharge to occur substantially directly between the cathode and the anode. With such arrangement, the sputtered particulates are inhibited from entering the resonant cavity of the laser and adhering to the optics thereof. Thus, the useful operating life of the laser is increased.

摘要翻译： 提供了包括激光外壳和设置在激光外壳中的增益介质的激光器。 增益介质包括经解离成多个组分的化合物。 包括用于在激光外壳中产生放电的电路，一部分放电通过增益介质并将其化合物的一部分分解成多个组分。 放电发生电路包括阴极，阴极包括用于向阳极发射放电的第一部分。 这样的第一部分包括用于帮助解离的多个组分的重组的催化剂。 在放电期间阴极喷射器的第一部分从其中微粒化，并且表面设置在激光外壳内以收集溅射的微粒。 另外提供了包括所述阴极的第二部分的装置，用于将阴极的第一部分与收集表面充分隔开，以基本上防止放电从第一部分发射到收集的颗粒，从而约束放电 基本上直接在阴极和阳极之间发生。 通过这种布置，溅射的微粒被抑制进入激光器的谐振腔并粘附到其光学器件上。 因此，激光器的有用使用寿命增加。

公开(公告)号：US5004338A

公开(公告)日：1991-04-02

申请号：US317575

申请日：1989-03-01

申请人： Clifford E. Morrow

发明人： Clifford E. Morrow

IPC分类号： A61B18/20 ,  G01J1/04 ,  G01J1/42

CPC分类号： A61B18/20 ,  G01J1/04 ,  G01J1/0414 ,  G01J1/0418 ,  G01J1/4257 ,  A61B2018/00636 ,  G01J1/0204 ,  G01J1/0252 ,  G01J1/0488

摘要： Laser power is delivered at normal intensities or powers to the end of a laser guide such as an articulated arm from a laser console where the beam enters an attached attenuating unit. Inside the attenuator, the beam encounters a dual wavelength beam splitter that transmits an attenuated beam at, for example, 20 times reduction of power. The attenuated beam may be delivered to an area of medical treatment. The beam splitter is also reflective and reflects the remaining power to a power sensor where the thermal energy is absorbed and measured. The power of the attenuated beam is related to the power of the measured reflected beam. The beam splitter is coated to allow maximum transmission of a visible guide beam that always travels coaxially to the operating laser energy being attenuated. A signal from the power sensor is provided to a preferably battery powered read-out device that provides the surgeon with real time accurate readings of delivered power.

摘要翻译： 激光功率以正常强度或功率传递到激光导向器的端部，例如来自激光控制台的铰接臂，其中光束进入附接的衰减单元。 在衰减器内部，光束遇到双波长分束器，其以例如功率降低20倍的速率透射衰减的光束。 衰减的束可以被递送到医疗处理区域。 分束器也是反射的，并且将剩余的功率反射到功率传感器，其中热能被吸收和测量。 衰减光束的功率与被测光束的功率有关。 分束器被涂覆以允许总是与正在衰减的操作激光能量共轴行进的可见导光束的最大透射。 来自功率传感器的信号被提供给优选的电池供电的读出装置，其向外科医生提供递送功率的实时精确读数。

公开(公告)号：US4982166A

公开(公告)日：1991-01-01

申请号：US317678

申请日：1989-03-01

申请人： Clifford E. Morrow

发明人： Clifford E. Morrow

IPC分类号： A61B18/20 ,  B23K26/06 ,  G02B5/30 ,  H01S3/23

CPC分类号： B23K26/0613 ,  A61B18/20 ,  G02B5/3066 ,  H01S3/2383 ,  Y10S359/90

摘要： Apparatus for combining two laser beams each having a power level into a common colinear laser beam having a power level that is the sum of the power levels of the two laser beams comprising a support, a polarization selective device disposed on the support having a first surfaces upon which a first of the laser beams impinges for transmitting the first laser beam with substantially full power transmission along an axis and having a second surface upon which the second laser beam impinges for reflecting the second laser beam with substantially full power along the axis, resulting in a common colinear beam along the axis, and suitable optical and/or mechanical devices disposed on the support for providing the first and second laser beams to the polarization selective device, the first and second laser beams being substantially orthogonally polarized with respect to each other.

摘要翻译： 一种用于组合两个激光束的装置，每个激光束具有功率电平到具有功率电平的公共共线激光束，该功率电平是包括支撑件的两个激光束的功率电平之和，设置在支撑件上的偏振选择装置具有第一表面 激光束中的第一激光束沿着轴线以基本全功率传输的方式照射第一激光束并且具有第二表面，第二激光束以第二激光束照射以沿着该轴线以基本上全部的功率反射第二激光束，从而产生 在沿着轴线的共线共线束中，以及设置在支撑件上的用于将第一和第二激光束提供给偏振选择装置的合适的光学和/或机械装置，第一和第二激光束相对于彼此基本正交极化 。

公开(公告)号：US08422528B2

公开(公告)日：2013-04-16

申请号：US13034205

申请日：2011-02-24

申请人： Clifford E. Morrow ,  Wendelin Weingartner

发明人： Clifford E. Morrow ,  Wendelin Weingartner

IPC分类号： H01S3/03

CPC分类号： H01S3/2232 ,  H01S3/0305 ,  H01S3/0315 ,  H01S3/038 ,  H01S3/041 ,  H01S3/08081 ,  H01S3/08095

摘要： A laser may comprise a ceramic body including a first wall and a second wall opposite the first wall, a first mirror positioned at first ends of the first and second walls, a second mirror positioned at second ends of the first and second walls opposite the first ends, the first and second walls and the first and second mirrors defining a slab laser cavity within the ceramic body. The laser may further comprise a first electrode positioned outside the laser cavity and adjacent to the first wall of the ceramic body and a second electrode positioned outside the laser cavity and adjacent to the second wall of the ceramic body, wherein a laser gas disposed in the laser cavity is excited when an excitation signal is applied to the first and second electrodes. In some embodiments, the first and second mirrors may form a free-space multi-folded resonator in the slab laser cavity. In other embodiments, the first and second mirrors may form a free-space unstable resonator in the slab laser cavity. In still other embodiments, the first and second mirrors may form a waveguide unstable resonator in the slab laser cavity.

摘要翻译： 激光器可以包括陶瓷体，其包括第一壁和与第一壁相对的第二壁，位于第一和第二壁的第一端的第一反射镜，位于第一和第二壁的与第一壁相对的第二端的第二反射镜 端部，第一和第二壁以及第一和第二反射镜在陶瓷体内限定一个平板激光腔。 激光器还可以包括位于激光腔外部并且与陶瓷体的第一壁相邻的第一电极和位于激光腔外部并且与陶瓷体的第二壁相邻的第二电极，其中设置在陶瓷体的第二壁上的激光气体 当激发信号施加到第一和第二电极时，激光腔被激发。 在一些实施例中，第一和第二反射镜可以在平板激光腔中形成自由空间多折叠的谐振器。 在其他实施例中，第一和第二反射镜可以在平板激光腔中形成自由空间不稳定的谐振器。 在其他实施例中，第一和第二反射镜可以在平板激光腔中形成波导不稳定谐振器。