公开(公告)号：US4801805A

公开(公告)日：1989-01-31

申请号：US87171

申请日：1987-08-19

Applicant: James W. Butler ,  Paul D. Maker ,  Thomas J. Korniski ,  Alex D. Colvin

Inventor： James W. Butler ,  Paul D. Maker ,  Thomas J. Korniski ,  Alex D. Colvin

IPC: G01J3/45 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01J3/453 ,  G01N1/28 ,  G01N1/38 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G01N33/00 ,  G01N21/37

CPC classification number: G01N33/0016 ,  G01J3/453 ,  G01N21/3504 ,  G01J2003/2866 ,  G01N1/38 ,  G01N2001/383 ,  G01N2001/388 ,  G01N2021/3595 ,  G01N2201/1215

Abstract: A method is disclosed of making an on-line gas analysis of a multicomponent gas emission flow by (a) continuously sequestering a sample flow from the gas emission flow, which sample flow has been filtered to substantially eliminate solid or liquid particles, diluted to lower its dew point to below room temperature, and changed in either temperature and/or pressure to be substantially the same in temperature and pressure as that of gases used to create reference transmission frequency spectral data deployed in step (d); (b) continuously irradiating the sample flow with an electromagnetic radiation beam while modulating the amplitude of infrared frequencies in the audio frequency range of the beam, either prior to or immediately subsequent to irradiation of the sample flow, to produce electromagnetic signals having discernible amplitude variations resulting from spectral interference patterns; (c) detecting and collecting the signals at a sufficiently high rate to substantially completely distinguish between adjacent spectral pattern amplitude peaks without mutual spectral interference and to permit analysis of the signals in real time; and (d) analyzing the signals in real time by (i) mathematically manipulating the signals in accordance with Beer's Law to create reformed background-corrected data, and (ii) applying reference transmission frequency spectral data to the reformed data for each suspected gaseous component to give a linear quantitative measure of the presence of each and every suspected gas component in the gas emission flow.

公开(公告)号：US4389881A

公开(公告)日：1983-06-28

申请号：US288874

申请日：1981-07-31

Applicant: James W. Butler ,  Alex D. Colvin

Inventor： James W. Butler ,  Alex D. Colvin

IPC: G01N27/12 ,  G01M15/00 ,  G01N27/407 ,  G01N27/409 ,  G01N33/00

CPC classification number: G01N27/407 ,  G01N33/0013

Abstract: A method is disclosed for measuring the air to fuel ratio of an air/fuel mixture being supplied to a combustion process. This method has the following steps. An oxygen sensor station is established at which the sensor senses the difference in oxygen partial pressure from a first reference side thereof to a second oxygen measurement side thereof. The oxygen sensor is maintained at a predetermined temperature and at a pressure below atmospheric pressure. The oxygen sensor is calibrated so that the measurement thereby of an EMF between the first reference side thereof and the second oxygen measurement side thereof is indicative of the oxygen partial pressure in a gas stream passing by the oxygen measurement side thereof. A sample gas stream is drawn into the pressure across the second oxygen measurement side of the oxygen sensor. This pressure is one which allows samples to be drawn at a constant flow rate independent of that pressure. A fixed amount of oxygen is added to the sample gas stream. The oxygen in the sample gas stream is reacted with oxidizable species contained in the sample gas stream prior to passing the sample gas stream across the second oxygen measurement side of the oxygen sensor. The pressure of the gas sample is measured. The air to fuel ratio of the air/fuel mixture is determined from the measured EMF of the oxygen sensor, the total pressure of the sample gas stream and the known oxygen addition rate. Suitable oxygen sensors may be formed zirconia or titania.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于测量供应到燃烧过程的空气/燃料混合物的空燃比的方法。 该方法具有以下步骤。 建立氧传感器站，传感器感测氧分压从其第一参考侧到第二氧测量侧的差异。 氧传感器保持在预定温度和低于大气压的压力。 校准氧传感器，使得其第一参考侧和第二氧测量侧之间的EMF的测量指示通过氧测量侧的气流中的氧分压。 样品气流被吸入穿过氧传感器的第二氧测量侧的压力。 该压力是允许以独立于该压力的恒定流速绘制样品的压力。 将固定量的氧气加入到样品气流中。 在使样品气流通过氧传感器的第二氧测量侧之前，样品气流中的氧与包含在样品气流中的可氧化物质反应。 测量气体样品的压力。 空气/燃料混合物的空气/燃料比由测量的氧传感器的EMF，样品气体流的总压力和已知的氧气添加速率确定。 合适的氧传感器可以形成氧化锆或二氧化钛。

公开(公告)号：US4372155A

公开(公告)日：1983-02-08

申请号：US265316

申请日：1981-05-20

Applicant: James W. Butler ,  Alex D. Colvin ,  Dennis Schuetzle

Inventor： James W. Butler ,  Alex D. Colvin ,  Dennis Schuetzle

IPC: G01M15/04 ,  F02B77/08 ,  F02D35/00 ,  G01N27/409 ,  G01N31/12 ,  G01N33/00 ,  G01M15/00

CPC classification number: F02B77/086 ,  G01N31/12 ,  G01N33/0013

Abstract: This specification teaches a basic method of obtaining on a continuous basis an instantaneous indication of the air to fuel ratio of an air/fuel mixture being fed to a combustion process. The process may take place in an internal combustion engine or, for example, in a power plant. Modifications of the method are taught to obtain such information as the hydrogen to carbon ratio of the fuel being burned in the combustion process, the oxygen equivalence of the air/fuel mixture being burned, the air mass flow through the combustion process, the fuel mass flow through the combustion process, instantaneous fuel economy of a vehicle in which a combustion process is being carried out to propel the vehicle, and the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gases from the combustion process.

Abstract translation: 本说明书教导了连续获得供给到燃烧过程的空气/燃料混合物的空燃比的瞬时指示的基本方法。 该过程可以在内燃机中或例如在发电厂中进行。 教导了该方法的修改以获得诸如在燃烧过程中被燃烧的燃料的氢碳比，燃烧的空气/燃料混合物的氧等价物，通过燃烧过程的空气质量流量，燃料质量 流过燃烧过程，其中进行燃烧过程以推动车辆的车辆的瞬时燃料经济性和来自燃烧过程的废气中的氧浓度。

公开(公告)号：US5138163A

公开(公告)日：1992-08-11

申请号：US756701

申请日：1991-09-09

Applicant: James W. Butler ,  Alex D. Colvin ,  Thomas J. Korniski

Inventor： James W. Butler ,  Alex D. Colvin ,  Thomas J. Korniski

IPC: G01N1/22 ,  G01N1/24 ,  G01N1/28 ,  G01N1/38 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G01N33/00

CPC classification number: G01N33/0011 ,  G01N21/3504 ,  G01N33/0016 ,  G01N1/2252 ,  G01N1/24 ,  G01N1/38 ,  G01N2001/2264 ,  G01N2021/3595

Abstract: A method and associated apparatus for on-line gas analysis of a multicomponent gas emission flow, comprising: continuously withdrawing and regulating the pressure of a first sample flow from the emission flow, continuously withdrawing a second sample flow from the first sample flow, the second flow sample being diluted with mass controlled amounts of diluent (N.sub.2 or air) to lower the dew point of the gas sample to below room temperature; controlling the absolute pressure of the diluted sample to the range of 920-950 mbar; frequently periodically analyzing the diluted sample flow, controlled as to pressure, by fourier-transform infrared spectrometric techniques to render a concentration measurement for each desired gas species; and correcting each concentration measurement for dilution to derive an undiluted concentration measurement representative of the actual exhaust gas, said correction being accomplished by measuring the actual air/fuel ratio of the gas emission flow to provide a theoretical carbon concentration in the undiluted exhaust gas and thereafter ratioing the theoretical total carbon concentration to the measured carbon concentration in the sample to provide the needed correction factor.

公开(公告)号：US4928015A

公开(公告)日：1990-05-22

申请号：US252960

申请日：1988-10-03

Applicant: James W. Butler ,  Thomas J. Korniski ,  Alex D. Colvin

Inventor： James W. Butler ,  Thomas J. Korniski ,  Alex D. Colvin

IPC: G01J3/28 ,  G01J3/453 ,  G01N1/28 ,  G01N1/38 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G01N33/00

CPC classification number: G01N33/0016 ,  G01J3/453 ,  G01N21/3504 ,  G01J2003/2866 ,  G01N1/38 ,  G01N2001/383 ,  G01N2001/388 ,  G01N2021/3595 ,  G01N2201/1215

Abstract: A method is disclosed of making an on-line gas analysis of a multicomponent gas emission flow by (a) continuously sequestering a sample flow from the gas emission flow, which sample flow may be filtered to substantially eliminate solid or liquid particles, diluted to lower its dew point to below room temperature, and changed in either temperature and/or pressure to be substantially the same in temperature and pressure as that of gases used to create reference transmission frequency spectral data employed in step (d); (b) continuously irradiating the sample flow with an electromagnetic radiation beam while modulating the amplitude of infrared frequencies in the audio frequency range of the beam, either prior to or immediately subsequent to irradiation of the sample flow, to produce electromagnetic signals having discernible amplitude variations resulting from spectral interference patterns; (c) detecting and collecting the signals at a sufficiently high rate to substantially completely distinguish between adjacent spectral pattern amplitude peaks without mutual spectral interference and to permit analysis of the signals in real time; and (d) analyzing the signals in real time by (i) mathematically manipulating the signals in accordance with Beer's Law to create reformed background-corrected data, and (ii) applying reference transmission frequency spectral data to the reformed data for each suspected gaseous component to give a linear quantitative measure of the presence of each and every suspected gas component in the gas emission flow.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种通过以下方法来进行多组分气体排放流的在线气体分析：（a）从气体排放流中连续隔离样品流，该样品流可被过滤以基本上消除固体或液体颗粒，稀释至较低 其露点低于室温，并且在温度和/或压力下变化为与用于产生步骤（d）中使用的参考透射频谱数据的气体的温度和压力基本相同; （b）在对样品流的照射之前或紧随其后的同时调制光束的音频范围内的红外频率的幅度，同时用电磁辐射束连续照射样品流，以产生具有可辨别的幅度变化的电磁信号 由光谱干涉图形引起; （c）以足够高的速率检测和收集信号，以基本上完​​全区分没有相互频谱干扰的相邻频谱图幅度峰值，并允许实时分析信号; 和（d）通过（i）根据“啤酒定律”数学地操纵信号以实时地分析信号，以产生经改良的背景校正数据，以及（ii）将参考传输频谱数据应用于每个可疑气体组分的重整数据 对气体排放流中每个可疑气体成分的存在进行线性定量测量。

公开(公告)号：US4751466A

公开(公告)日：1988-06-14

申请号：US5184

申请日：1987-01-20

Applicant: Alex D. Colvin ,  James W. Butler

Inventor： Alex D. Colvin ,  James W. Butler

IPC: G01N27/06 ,  G01N27/07 ,  G01N33/32 ,  G01N27/08

CPC classification number: G01N27/06 ,  G01N27/07 ,  G01N33/32

Abstract: The invention is directed to an instrument for measuring the absolute electrical conductivity of liquids, which instrument may be employed on-line in a recirculating paint bath to measure the conductivity of the paint. The instrument comprises a four electrode probe and a meter which comprises a device for generating and controlling an AC current connected to the first electrode such that a constant AC voltage is maintained across the second and fourth electrodes and a device for measuring and detecting an AC current connected to the third electrode, wherein the fourth electrode is maintained at the same potential as a nearby ground.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种用于测量液体的绝对电导率的仪器，该仪器可以在再循环涂漆浴中在线使用以测量涂料的导电性。 该仪器包括四个电极探针和一个仪表，其包括用于产生和控制连接到第一电极的AC电流的装置，使得跨越第二和第四电极保持恒定的AC电压，以及用于测量和检测AC电流的装置 连接到第三电极，其中第四电极被保持在与附近地面相同的电位。

公开(公告)号：US5025220A

公开(公告)日：1991-06-18

申请号：US410772

申请日：1989-09-21

Applicant: Alex D. Colvin ,  Daniel J. Graham ,  Joseph C. Cassatta

Inventor： Alex D. Colvin ,  Daniel J. Graham ,  Joseph C. Cassatta

IPC: G01N27/07

CPC classification number: G01N27/07

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring the electrical conductivity of a liquid comprises an electrically insulating housing through which the liquid flows, and four electrodes inserted into the path of the liquid flowing through the housing. The first and third electrodes are current electrodes and the second and fourth electrodes are voltage electrodes. An AC current is injected into the first current electrode and exits at the second current electrode, with the resulting AC voltage across the voltage electrodes being measured. The first current electrode is driven to maintain a constant value of AC voltage on the voltage electrodes while measuring the current flow in the second current electrode which is representative of the electrical conductivity of the liquid. A DC bias voltage source is provided and is coupled to each of the electrodes by a resistor and a capacitor to prevent coating or plating of the electrodes. The method and apparatus permit continuous monitoring of the absolute conductivity of a liquid.

Abstract translation: 用于测量液体的导电性的方法和装置包括电绝缘壳体，液体流过该壳体，并且四个电极插入流过壳体的液体的路径中。 第一和第三电极是电流电极，第二和第四电极是电压电极。 交流电流被注入到第一电流电极中并在第二电流电极处退出，并且测量所述电压电极两端的所得交流电压。 第一电流电极被驱动以在电压电极上保持恒定的AC电压值，同时测量代表液体的电导率的第二电流电极中的电流。 提供DC偏置电压源并通过电阻器和电容器耦合到每个电极以防止电极的涂覆或电镀。 该方法和装置允许连续监测液体的绝对电导率。

公开(公告)号：US5531105A

公开(公告)日：1996-07-02

申请号：US422400

申请日：1995-04-14

Applicant: Dick Y. Leong ,  Alex D. Colvin ,  Keith R. Carduner

Inventor： Dick Y. Leong ,  Alex D. Colvin ,  Keith R. Carduner

IPC: G01M15/10 ,  G01N33/00 ,  G01N33/22 ,  G01N33/28 ,  G01M15/00

CPC classification number: G01N21/643 ,  G01M15/102 ,  G01M15/108 ,  G01N33/2835

Abstract: A method and system for determining steady state and real time engine oil consumption of an automotive engine which generates exhaust gases containing oil and fuel having a known sulphur content. The system includes an exhaust gas conditioner coupled to the exhaust manifold of the engine for extracting an exhaust gas sample and converting the exhaust sample into a combustion product. The system also includes a high temperature sampler for automatically regulating the amount of the combustion product independent of changes in back pressure of the engine. The system further includes a fluorescent detector for generating a sulphur dioxide content signal having a value corresponding to the sulphur dioxide contained in the regulated combustion product. Finally, the system includes a processor responsive to the value of the sulphur dioxide content signal to determine a steady state and/or a real time oil consumption of the engine based on the value of the sulphur dioxide content signal and the known sulphur content of the oil and fuel.

Abstract translation: 一种用于确定汽车发动机的稳态和实时发动机机油消耗的方法和系统，其产生含有已知硫含量的油和燃料的废气。 该系统包括联接到发动机的排气歧管的排气调节器，用于提取废气样品并将废气样品转化为燃烧产物。 该系统还包括一个高温采样器，用于独立于发动机背压变化自动调节燃烧产物的量。 该系统还包括用于产生二氧化硫含量信号的荧光检测器，其具有对应于调节燃烧产物中所含的二氧化硫的值。 最后，该系统包括响应于二氧化硫含量信号的值的处理器，以基于二氧化硫含量信号的值和二氧化硫含量信号的已知硫含量确定发动机的稳态和/或实时油耗 油和燃料。

公开(公告)号：US5106481A

公开(公告)日：1992-04-21

申请号：US657222

申请日：1991-02-19

Applicant: James S. Rankin ,  Alex D. Colvin

Inventor： James S. Rankin ,  Alex D. Colvin

IPC: G01N27/406

CPC classification number: G01N27/4065 ,  F02D41/1456

Abstract: A method and apparatus for linearly determining the air/fuel ratio of an internal combustion engine by measuring the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gases provides a linear air/fuel output signal from a single sensor. The sensor is time shared between a current driving or oxygen pumping mode in which a current is applied to the sensor to pump oxygen through the sensor toward one or the other surface, and a voltage sensing mode in which the voltage across the sensor is monitored. A time share circuit switches between the two modes of operation. During the current mode, the oxygen concentration is changed at the sensor surface by the passage of oxygen ion current through the sensor. During the voltage mode, the sensor voltage is measured. Feedback provides necessary current during the current mode to hold the bias voltage substantially constant. The resulting current is a linear measure of the air/fuel ratio of the internal combustion engine as engine operation departs from stoichiometry. The sensor current can be positive or negative and hence will indicate both rich and lean mixtures.

Abstract translation: 通过测量废气的氧气浓度来线性地确定内燃机的空气/燃料比的方法和装置提供来自单个传感器的线性空气/燃料输出信号。 传感器在电流驱动或氧气泵送模式之间共享，其中电流被施加到传感器以将氧气通过传感器泵送到一个或另一个表面，以及电压感测模式，其中监测传感器两端的电压。 时间分配电路在两种操作模式之间切换。 在电流模式下，通过氧离子电流通过传感器，氧传感器表面氧浓度发生变化。 在电压模式下，测量传感器电压。 反馈在当前模式下提供必要的电流以保持偏置电压基本恒定。 所得到的电流是当发动机操作离开化学计量时内燃机的空气/燃料比的线性测量。 传感器电流可以是正极或负极，因此将表示浓缩混合物。

公开(公告)号：US07197866B2

公开(公告)日：2007-04-03

申请号：US10705436

申请日：2003-11-10

Applicant: Jeffrey A. Cook ,  Richard E. Soltis ,  Alex D. Colvin ,  Jessy Grizzle

Inventor： Jeffrey A. Cook ,  Richard E. Soltis ,  Alex D. Colvin ,  Jessy Grizzle

IPC: F01N3/00

CPC classification number: F02D41/1454 ,  F02D41/1441 ,  F02D41/1456

Abstract: Electronic circuitry and control algorithms are described to automatically establish the output voltage of a linear exhaust gas oxygen sensor (e.g., a UEGO sensor) corresponding to an exhaust air-fuel ratio of stoichiometry. The apparatus and control logic herein described may be used to adaptively correct the setpoint of an air-fuel ratio control system in which a UEGO sensor is used in a feedback loop to adjust the fuel injection quantity of an internal combustion engine.

Abstract translation: 描述电子电路和控制算法以自动建立对应于化学计量的排气空燃比的线性排气氧传感器（例如，UEGO传感器）的输出电压。 这里描述的装置和控制逻辑可以用于自适应地校正其中在反馈回路中使用UEGO传感器以调节内燃机的燃料喷射量的空燃比控制系统的设定点。