公开(公告)号：US5416582A

公开(公告)日：1995-05-16

申请号：US15983

申请日：1993-02-11

申请人： Jay R. Knutson ,  Alexander Knuttel ,  Joseph M. Schmitt

发明人： Jay R. Knutson ,  Alexander Knuttel ,  Joseph M. Schmitt

IPC分类号： A61B5/00 ,  G01N21/47 ,  G01B9/02 ,  A61B5/05

CPC分类号： G01N21/4795

摘要： An apparatus and method for using frequency modulated diffusive photon-density waves propagating through a turbid medium such as tissue for detecting optical properties of objects and for imaging objects within the turbid medium. Frequency modulation enables real time differential measurement of the interaction of different colors with the object when the different colors are chosen such that they react the same with the medium but differently with the object. The method greatly simplifies optical imaging and increases the amount of information which may be obtained about the object.

摘要翻译： 一种使用频率调制漫射光子密度波的装置和方法，其通过诸如组织的混浊介质传播，用于检测物体的光学性质和用于在混浊介质内成像物体。 当选择不同的颜色使得它们与介质反应相同但与对象不同时，频率调制可实现不同颜色与对象的相互作用的实时差分测量。 该方法大大简化了光学成像并增加了可能获得关于物体的信息量。

公开(公告)号：US5203339A

公开(公告)日：1993-04-20

申请号：US722823

申请日：1991-06-28

申请人： Alexander Knuttel ,  Jay R. Knutson

发明人： Alexander Knuttel ,  Jay R. Knutson

IPC分类号： G01J1/04 ,  G01J9/02 ,  G01N21/41 ,  G01N21/45 ,  G01N21/47 ,  G01N21/65 ,  G01N21/76 ,  G01N21/85 ,  G01N27/447

CPC分类号： G01J1/04 ,  G01J1/0422 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0208 ,  G01J3/0216 ,  G01N21/4795 ,  G01N27/44721 ,  G01J2009/0203 ,  G01N2021/1738 ,  G01N2021/1759 ,  G01N2021/178 ,  G01N2021/1782 ,  G01N2021/4173 ,  G01N2021/451 ,  G01N2021/4702 ,  G01N21/645 ,  G01N21/65 ,  G01N21/76 ,  G01N21/85 ,  G01N2201/0893

摘要： Imaging of a turbid object utilizes interference among the modulation wavefronts of a plurality of modulated light rays propagating through the object by diffusion and having predetermined phases relative to one another. A computer controlled phase and amplitude selecting device, such as a zone plate, is used to modulate light rays at appropriate phases in order to obtain constructive interference only at a predetermined portion of the object, including one or more preselected voxels. The rays reflected from (or diffusively transmitted through) the predetermined portion are received simultaneously at a detector, thus providing simultaneously all the data necessary to describe or image the portion. A single detector element may be used to detect the scattered reflected or transmitted light from the portion and to generate a signal representing the amplitude and phase characteristics for the modulation wavefront, thereby to provide absorption (and other) characteristics descriptive of the portion. An array of detectors may be used to detect the light from a plurality of individual voxels simultaneously and to provide such characteristics for each of the voxels. By dynamically controlling the phase and amplitude selecting device, the voxels selected for imaging are changed without mechanical scanning. Light rays having different frequencies may be modulated to provide complete absorption spectra for an arbitrarily selected portion of the object.

摘要翻译： 浑浊物体的成像利用通过扩散传播通过物体的多个调制光线的调制波前的相互干扰，并相对于彼此具有预定的相位。 使用计算机控制的相位和幅度选择装置（例如区域板）在适当的相位调制光线，以便仅在物体的预定部分（包括一个或多个预选的体素）处获得建设性的干扰。 从（或扩散传输）预定部分反射的光线在检测器处同时接收，从而同时提供描述或成像该部分所需的所有数据。 可以使用单个检测器元件来检测来自该部分的散射的反射或透射的光并且产生表示调制波前的幅度和相位特性的信号，从而提供描述该部分的吸收（和其它）特性。 可以使用一组检测器来同时检测来自多个单独体素的光，并为每个体素提供这样的特征。 通过动态地控制相位和幅度选择装置，选择用于成像的体素没有机械扫描而改变。 可以调制具有不同频率的光线，以便为对象的任意选择的部分提供完整的吸收光谱。

公开(公告)号：US5172060A

公开(公告)日：1992-12-15

申请号：US646787

申请日：1991-03-11

申请人： Alexander Knuttel

发明人： Alexander Knuttel

IPC分类号： A61B5/055 ,  G01N24/12 ,  G01R33/483

CPC分类号： G01R33/4833 ,  G01R33/56

摘要： A method serves for recording nuclear resonance spectra of test samples having at least three groups of spins. A first group is coupled to a second group, while a third group is uncoupled relative to the second group but has a spectral position, e.g. chemical shift, which is substantially identical only to that of the first group. For obtaining an isolated image of the signal of the first group, one suppresses the signal of the third group. A pulse sequence of three r.f. pulses (10, 13, 22) are irradiated upon the sample in a manner known as such. The second r.f. pulse (13) is applied in such a way that the magnetization of the spins of the first group is transferred to the spins of the second group by polarization transfer. Then, a first magnetic gradient field pulse (17, 23), with dephasing effect for the spins of the said second group, is exerted upon the sample. The third r.f. pulse (22) is adjusted in such a way that the magnetization of the spins of the said second group is retransferred, by polarization re-transfer, to the spins of the first group, which is finally exposed to a second magnetic gradient field pulse (23), being rephasing for the spins of the first group (A).

摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / DE90 / 00309 Sec。 371日期1991年3月11日 102（e）1991年3月11日PCT PCT日期：1990年4月27日PCT公布。 公开号WO90 / 13826 日期1990年11月15日。一种方法用于记录具有至少三组自旋的测试样品的核共振光谱。 第一组耦合到第二组，而第三组相对于第二组不耦合，但具有频谱位置，例如第二组。 化学位移，其基本上与第一组相同。 为了获得第一组的信号的隔离图像，一个抑制第三组的信号。 三个脉冲序列 脉冲（10,13,22）以已知的方式照射在样品上。 第二个r.f. 以这样的方式施加脉冲（13），使得通过极化转移将第一组的自旋的磁化转移到第二组的自旋。 然后，对所述第二组的自旋具有去相干效应的第一磁梯度场脉冲（17,23）施加在所述样品上。 第三个r.f. 调整脉冲（22），使得所述第二组的自旋的磁化通过偏振重新转移转移到第一组的自旋，其最终暴露于第二磁梯度场脉冲（ 23），重新定位第一组（A）的旋转。

公开(公告)号：US5565986A

公开(公告)日：1996-10-15

申请号：US405299

申请日：1995-03-16

申请人： Alexander Knuttel

发明人： Alexander Knuttel

IPC分类号： G01J3/28 ,  G01J9/02 ,  G01N21/47 ,  G01B9/02

CPC分类号： G01J3/2823 ,  G01J9/02 ,  G01N21/4795

摘要： Interferometer apparatus includes a light source, disposed in a light source arm, for emitting light at various wavelengths and a focusing device disposed in an object arm for focusing the emitted light simultaneously into at least two different regions within an object, the focused light being reflected from the object. A reference is provided, including a reflective element, for reflecting light from the light source means and a detector, disposed in a detector arm is provided for measuring different wavelengths of the light reflected from the reference means and the object, in order to obtain a spectroscopic image of the object, displaying both spacial resolution in a lateral direction and a field of view in a depth direction.

摘要翻译： 干涉仪装置包括设置在光源臂中用于发射各种波长的光的光源和设置在物体臂中的聚焦装置，用于将发射的光同时聚焦到物体内的至少两个不同区域中，聚焦光被反射 从对象。 提供了一种用于反射来自光源装置的光的反射元件和设置在检测器臂中的检测器的参考，用于测量从参考装置和物体反射的光的不同波长，以便获得 物体的分光图像，在深度方向上显示横向方向上的空间分辨率和视场。

公开(公告)号：US5274329A

公开(公告)日：1993-12-28

申请号：US646788

申请日：1991-03-11

申请人： Alexander Knuttel ,  Rainer Kimmich

发明人： Alexander Knuttel ,  Rainer Kimmich

IPC分类号： A61B5/055 ,  G01N24/12 ,  G01R33/483 ,  G01R33/20

CPC分类号： G01R33/4833 ,  G01R33/56

摘要： A method serves for recording spin resonance spectra of test samples having at least three groups of spins. A first group is coupled to a second group, while a third group is uncoupled relative to the second group but has a spectral position, e.g. chemical shift, which is substantially identical only to that of the first group. For obtaining an isolated image of the signal of the first group, one suppresses the signal of the third group. A pulse sequence of three r.f. pulses (10, 13, 17) are irradiated upon the sample in a manner known as such. The second r.f. pulse (13 ) is applied in such a way that the magnetization of the spins of the first group and of the second group is transferred to a state of double-quantum coherence by coherence transfer. Then, a first magnetic gradient field pulse (15) of a predetermined pulse surface (.epsilon..sub.2), with dephasing effect for the double-quantum coherence, is exerted upon the sample. The third r.f. pulse (17) is adjusted in such a way that the double-quantum coherence is retransferred, by coherence re-transfer, to the single-quantum coherence, which is finally exposed to a second magnetic gradient field pulse (19), being rephasing for the spins of the first group (A) and having a pulse surface n times the pulse surface of the magnetic gradient field pulse (15).

摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / DE90 / 00310 Sec。 371日期1991年3月11日 102（e）1991年3月11日PCT PCT日期：1990年4月27日PCT公布。 出版物WO90 / 13827 日期为1990年11月15日。一种方法用于记录具有至少三组自旋的测试样品的自旋共振光谱。 第一组耦合到第二组，而第三组相对于第二组不耦合，但具有频谱位置，例如第二组。 化学位移，其基本上与第一组相同。 为了获得第一组的信号的隔离图像，一个抑制第三组的信号。 三个脉冲序列 脉冲（10,13,17）以已知的方式照射在样品上。 第二个r.f. 施加脉冲（13），使得第一组和第二组的自旋的磁化通过相干转移转移到双量子相干的状态。 然后，对样品施加预定脉冲表面（ε2）的第一磁梯度场脉冲（15），具有对于双量子相干性的去相关效应。 第三个r.f. 调整脉冲（17），使得通过相干重新传输将双量子相干重新传送到最终暴露于第二磁梯度场脉冲（19）的单量子相干，被重新定义为 第一组（A）的旋转并且具有n倍于磁梯度场脉冲（15）的脉冲表面的脉冲表面。

公开(公告)号：US20050190371A1

公开(公告)日：2005-09-01

申请号：US10504397

申请日：2003-02-01

申请人： Alexander Knuttel

发明人： Alexander Knuttel

IPC分类号： G01B9/02 ,  G01B11/24 ,  G01N21/47

CPC分类号： G01B9/0209 ,  G01B11/24 ,  G01B2290/20 ,  G01B2290/35 ,  G01B2290/40 ,  G01N21/4795

摘要： Low-coherence interferometric apparatus for light-optical scanning of an object (18) with a low-coherence interferometer (6) comprising a low-coherent light source (7), a reference reflector (21) and a detector (25), wherein light emitted by the light source (7) is split into two optical paths (11,12), a first fraction of the light being irradiated as measurement light (16) onto the object and a second fraction of the light being irradiated as reference light (22) upon the reference reflector (21), and wherein, after reflection on the object (18) or the reference reflector (21) respectively, the measurement light (16) and the reference light (22) are combined at a beam junction (10) in such a manner that an interference signal which contains information about the reflection intensity of the measurement light, relative to the respective scan position is generated. In order to enable a very fast scan, a variable wavelength selection device (30) is positioned in the light path of the detection light between the beam junction (10) and the detector (25). A wavelength-dependent selection of the detection light (24) is performed by this device in such a manner that the detector (25) selectively receives preferentially light with wavelengths which correspond to a predetermined sequence of wavenumbers k. For varying the scan position along the scan path (27) different sequences of wavenumbers k can be set.

摘要翻译： 一种用于用包括低相干光源（7），参考反射器（21）和检测器（25）的低相干干涉仪（6）对物体（18）进行光学扫描的低相干干涉仪，其中 由光源（7）发射的光被分成两个光路（11,12），第一部分的光作为测量光（16）照射到物体上，第二部分的光被照射作为参考光 （22）在参考反射器（21）上，并且其中，在物体（18）或参考反射器（21）上分别反射之后，测量光（16）和参考光（22）在光束结 （10），使得产生包含关于测量光的反射强度的信息相对于相应扫描位置的干扰信号。 为了实现非常快的扫描，可变波长选择装置（30）位于光束结（10）和检测器（25）之间的检测光的光路中。 检测光（24）的波长相关选择由该装置以这样一种方式进行，使得检测器（25）有选择地接收波长对应于预定波数k序列的光。 为了沿着扫描路径（27）改变扫描位置，可以设定波数k的不同序列。

公开(公告)号：US06611338B1

公开(公告)日：2003-08-26

申请号：US09713076

申请日：2000-11-15

申请人： Alexander Knuttel ,  Paul Welker ,  Christian Kugler ,  Reiner Rygiel

发明人： Alexander Knuttel ,  Paul Welker ,  Christian Kugler ,  Reiner Rygiel

IPC分类号： G01B902

CPC分类号： G01B9/02014 ,  G01B9/02007 ,  G01B9/02083 ,  G01B9/02091 ,  G01B11/2441

摘要： The invention proposes a method for the optimization of the interferometric examination of scattering objects, wherein intensity-modulated light is divided, one beam is directed into an object and the other beam is directed to a reference mirror, the reflected light is guided to a detector module, where it is converted to an interference signal and this signal is evaluated. The method is characterized by the fact that light of at least two different central wavelengths is irradiated and the converted interference signals of both central wavelengths are phase-shifted in order to compensate for their expected dispersion.

摘要翻译： 本发明提出了一种用于优化散射物体的干涉测量的方法，其中强度调制光被分割，一个光束被引导到物体中，另一个光束被引导到参考反射镜，反射光被引导到检测器 模块，将其转换为干扰信号，并对该信号进行评估。 该方法的特征在于照射至少两个不同中心波长的光，并且两个中心波长的转换的干扰信号被相移以便补偿它们的预期色散。

公开(公告)号：US5491552A

公开(公告)日：1996-02-13

申请号：US219504

申请日：1994-03-29

申请人： Alexander Knuttel

发明人： Alexander Knuttel

IPC分类号： G01N21/47 ,  G01B9/02

CPC分类号： G01N21/4795

摘要： In an optical imaging apparatus for the investigation of strongly scattering media, in particular biological tissue samples, with at least one-dimensional position resolution in a depth direction of a measuring object, with a radiation source for radiating low coherence light, with a device for splitting the low coherence light into two partial beams, of which one is guided in an object arm to the measured object and the other in a reference arm to a reflecting element, and with a detector configuration to which the partial beams reflected from the reflecting element in the reference arm and from the measured object in the object arm can be guided, brought into interference with another, and detected, the detector configuration exhibits a spatial extent transverse to the incident direction of both partial beams on the detector configuration along which light signals can be recorded in a position sensitive and simultaneous fashion and both partial beams in the object arm and in the reference arm are so guided that a spatial interference pattern occurs along the lateral extent of the detector configuration, whereby the reflecting element in the reference arm exhibits only static parts which, in any event, are non-mechanically moving. In this fashion a simple and economical as well as especially mechanically stable reflectometer apparatus is achieved with which a rapid sequence of image recordings is possible.

摘要翻译： 在用于研究强散射介质特别是生物组织样品的光学成像装置中，具有在测量对象的深度方向上的至少一维位置分辨率，具有用于辐射低相干光的辐射源，具有用于 将低相干光分为两个部分光束，其中一个在对象臂中被引导到测量对象，另一个在参考臂中被引导到反射元件，并且具有检测器配置，从反射元件反射的部分光束 在参考臂中和来自物体臂中的被测物体可被引导，与另一物体相互干扰，并且检测到检测器配置在检测器配置上呈现横跨于检测器配置上的两个分光束的入射方向的空间范围，光信号 可以以位置敏感和同时的方式记录，并且可以在对象臂和对象臂中记录两个部分光束 依赖臂如此引导，沿着检测器构造的横向范围发生空间干涉图案，由此参考臂中的反射元件仅显示在任何情况下是非机械移动的静态部分。 以这种方式，实现了简单和经济以及特别是机械稳定的反射计装置，其中可以进行快速的图像记录。

公开(公告)号：US5309912A

公开(公告)日：1994-05-10

申请号：US789517

申请日：1991-11-08

申请人： Alexander Knuttel

发明人： Alexander Knuttel

IPC分类号： G01N21/41 ,  G01N21/47 ,  A61B5/05

CPC分类号： G01N21/4795 ,  G01N2021/1759 ,  G01N2021/1765 ,  G01N2021/4173 ,  G01N2201/067

摘要： Optical imaging of an object utilizes a plurality of amplitude modulated light rays propagating through the object, either sequentially or simultaneously, for detection by a single photodetector. The light rays may propagate geometrically (i.e., directly) or diffusively. Each of the rays is encoded with a different phase to provide sufficient information for decoding the light intensity detected by the photodetector. The rays may be applied simultaneously in an array, in which case different carrier frequencies as well as different phases are applied to the different rays by any of a number of modulators. Alternatively, the rays may be individually applied to the object in a sequence of phase encoded rays. In either case, the single photodetector receives sufficient information to image each of the voxels of interest in the object being imaged. Information may be obtained for different voxels selected for imaging without mechanical scanning.

摘要翻译： 物体的光学成像利用通过对象顺序或同时传播的多个幅度调制光线，以便由单个光电检测器进行检测。 光线可以几何（即直接）或扩散地传播。 每个光线被用不同的相位编码，以提供足够的信息来解码由光电检测器检测到的光强度。 射线可以同时施加在阵列中，在这种情况下，通过多个调制器中的任何一个将不同的载波频率以及不同的相位施加到不同的射线。 或者，可以以相序编码的光线的顺序将光线单独地施加到物体。 在任一情况下，单个光电检测器接收足够的信息以对被成像对象中的感兴趣的像素进行成像。 可以为不经机械扫描选择成像的不同体素获得信息。

公开(公告)号：US4674837A

公开(公告)日：1987-06-23

申请号：US686261

申请日：1984-12-04

申请人： Alexander Knuttel ,  Bertold Knuttel

发明人： Alexander Knuttel ,  Bertold Knuttel

IPC分类号： G01N23/04 ,  A61B5/055 ,  A61B6/02 ,  A61B6/03 ,  G01R33/28 ,  G01R33/32 ,  G02B27/22 ,  G02B27/40 ,  G03B35/00 ,  G03B35/16 ,  G09G3/00 ,  H04N13/04

CPC分类号： G09G3/003 ,  G01R33/28 ,  G02B27/2278 ,  G02B27/2285 ,  G03B35/16 ,  G09G3/002

摘要： An apparatus produces complete stereoscopic images of a three-dimensional object. It comprises an image transmitter (13) on which are shown one after the other in time two-dimensional images (14) corresponding to sections lying one behind the other in space. In addition, the element (18) is provided which is disposed between the image transmitter (13) and an observer (36), said element being synchronously controlled by the image transmitter (13) and changing the spatial positioning of the image (14) between image transmitter (13) and observer (36). Optical means (31, 32) serve to reduce an image (14) shown on the image transmitter (13) in the plane of the element (18) and to re-enlarge it for analysis. The apparatus is particularly suitable for showing tomographic pictures, i.e. for imaging the inside of a living body.

摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / DE84 / 00089 Sec。 371日期1984年12月4日第 102（e）日期1984年12月4日PCT提交1984年4月12日PCT公布。 出版物WO84 / 04193 日期为1984年10月25日。装置产生三维物体的完整立体图像。 它包括图像发射器（13），在时间上二维图像（14）一个接一个地示出在其上，空间中相当于一个在另一个上的部分。 另外，提供了设置在图像发送器（13）和观察器（36）之间的元件（18），所述元件由图像发送器（13）同步控制并改变图像（14）的空间定位， 在图像发射器（13）和观察器（36）之间。 光学装置（31,32）用于减少在元件（18）的平面中图像发射器（13）上所示的图像（14），并且重新放大以用于分析。 该装置特别适用于显示断层图像，即用于对活体内部进行成像。