公开(公告)号：US5860154A

公开(公告)日：1999-01-12

申请号：US778969

申请日：1997-01-06

申请人： Jeffrey M. Abramson ,  Haitham Akkary ,  Andrew F. Glew ,  Glenn J. Hinton ,  Kris G. Konigsfeld ,  Paul D. Madland ,  Mark A. Timko

发明人： Jeffrey M. Abramson ,  Haitham Akkary ,  Andrew F. Glew ,  Glenn J. Hinton ,  Kris G. Konigsfeld ,  Paul D. Madland ,  Mark A. Timko

IPC分类号： G06F9/318 ,  G06F9/355 ,  G06F12/00

CPC分类号： G06F9/3555 ,  G06F9/3017

摘要： A macro instruction is provided for a microprocessor which allows a programmer to specify a base value, index, scale factor and displacement value for calculating an effective address and returning that result in a single clock cycle. The macro instruction is converted into a micro operation which is provided to the single-cycle execution unit with the required source operands for performing the calculation. Within the single-cycle execution unit, the index and scale factor are provided to a left shifter for multiplying the two values. The result of the left shift operation is added to the sum of the base and displacement. This results in the effective address which is then returned from the single-cycle execution unit to a predetermined destination. This provides for the calculation of an effective address in a single cycle pipeline execution unit that is independent of the memory system execution units.

摘要翻译： 为微处理器提供宏指令，允许程序员指定基值，索引，比例因子和位移值，用于计算有效地址并在单个时钟周期内返回该结果。 宏指令被转换为微操作，其被提供给具有用于执行计算的所需源操作数的单周期执行单元。 在单周期执行单元内，将索引和比例因子提供给用于乘以两个值的左移位器。 左移操作的结果被加到底座和位移之和上。 这导致有效地址然后从单周期执行单元返回到预定的目的地。 这提供了独立于存储器系统执行单元的单周期流水线执行单元中的有效地址的计算。

公开(公告)号：US5717882A

公开(公告)日：1998-02-10

申请号：US764643

申请日：1996-12-11

申请人： Jeffrey M. Abramson ,  Haitham Akkary ,  Andrew F. Glew ,  Glenn J. Hinton ,  Kris G. Konigsfeld ,  Paul D. Madland ,  David B. Papworth ,  Michael A. Fetterman

发明人： Jeffrey M. Abramson ,  Haitham Akkary ,  Andrew F. Glew ,  Glenn J. Hinton ,  Kris G. Konigsfeld ,  Paul D. Madland ,  David B. Papworth ,  Michael A. Fetterman

IPC分类号： G06F9/312 ,  G06F9/38 ,  G06F9/00

CPC分类号： G06F9/30043 ,  G06F9/3824 ,  G06F9/3826 ,  G06F9/3834 ,  G06F9/3836

摘要： A method and apparatus for performing operations with a processor in a computer system. Load operations are performed by use of a dispatch pipeline and a memory execution pipeline. The dispatch pipeline dispatches the load operation for execution by the processor, while the memory execution pipeline controls the execution of the load operation to memory. The present invention reduces the latency involved in executing a load operation by coupling the execution of the two pipelines during execution of the load operation.

摘要翻译： 一种用于使用计算机系统中的处理器执行操作的方法和装置。 通过使用调度管道和存储器执行管线来执行加载操作。 调度管道调度处理器执行的加载操作，而存储器执行流水线控制对存储器的加载操作的执行。 本发明通过在执行加载操作期间耦合两条管线的执行来减少执行加载操作所涉及的延迟。

公开(公告)号：US5708843A

公开(公告)日：1998-01-13

申请号：US544558

申请日：1995-10-18

申请人： Jeffrey M. Abramson ,  Haitham Akkary ,  Andrew F. Glew ,  Glenn J. Hinton ,  Kris G. Konigsfeld ,  Rohit Vidwans

发明人： Jeffrey M. Abramson ,  Haitham Akkary ,  Andrew F. Glew ,  Glenn J. Hinton ,  Kris G. Konigsfeld ,  Rohit Vidwans

IPC分类号： G06F9/38 ,  G06F9/312

CPC分类号： G06F9/3865

摘要： A memory operation is issued in a processor. Upon detecting both that the memory operation produces a code segment violation and that the memory operation is blocked at retirement, a blocking signal is produced to block a bus access responsive to the memory operation. A second signal signifies that the memory operation completed.

摘要翻译： 在处理器中发出存储器操作。 在检测到存储器操作产生代码段违反并且在退出时存储器操作被阻止的情况下，产生阻塞信号以阻止响应于存储器操作的总线访问。 第二个信号表示内存操作完成。

公开(公告)号：US5664137A

公开(公告)日：1997-09-02

申请号：US525499

申请日：1995-09-07

申请人： Jeffrey M. Abramson ,  Haitham Akkary ,  Atig A. Bajwa ,  Michael A. Fetterman ,  Andrew F. Glew ,  Glenn J. Hinton ,  Joel Huang ,  Kris G. Konigsfeld ,  Paul D. Madland ,  Prem Pahlajrai

发明人： Jeffrey M. Abramson ,  Haitham Akkary ,  Atig A. Bajwa ,  Michael A. Fetterman ,  Andrew F. Glew ,  Glenn J. Hinton ,  Joel Huang ,  Kris G. Konigsfeld ,  Paul D. Madland ,  Prem Pahlajrai

IPC分类号： G06F9/312 ,  G06F9/38 ,  G06F9/00

CPC分类号： G06F9/3889 ,  G06F9/30043 ,  G06F9/3824 ,  G06F9/3826 ,  G06F9/3834 ,  G06F9/3836 ,  G06F9/3855 ,  G06F9/3857

摘要： A method and apparatus for performing store operations that includes calculating the address and obtaining the data for the store operation. The address represents the memory location to which the data is to be stored. Once the address is calculated and the data obtained, the store operation is committed to processor state. The store operation may be dispatched to memory to complete the execution of the store operation.

摘要翻译： 一种用于执行存储操作的方法和装置，包括计算地址并获得用于存储操作的数据。 地址表示要存储数据的存储器位置。 一旦计算了地址并获得了数据，存储操作就被提交到处理器状态。 可以将存储操作调度到存储器以完成存储操作的执行。

公开(公告)号：US5588126A

公开(公告)日：1996-12-24

申请号：US446030

申请日：1995-05-19

申请人： Jeffrey M. Abramson ,  Haitham Akkary ,  Andrew F. Glew ,  Glenn J. Hinton ,  Kris G. Konigsfeld ,  Paul D. Madland ,  David B. Papworth

发明人： Jeffrey M. Abramson ,  Haitham Akkary ,  Andrew F. Glew ,  Glenn J. Hinton ,  Kris G. Konigsfeld ,  Paul D. Madland ,  David B. Papworth

IPC分类号： G06F9/38 ,  G06F9/30

CPC分类号： G06F9/3834

摘要： In an out-of-order execution computer system, a store buffer is conditionally signaled to output buffered store data of buffered memory store operations, when a buffered memory load operation is being executed. The determination on whether to signal the store buffer or not is made using control information that includes the allocation state of the store buffer at the time the memory load operation being executed was issued. The allocation state includes the identification of the buffer slot storing the last memory store operation stored into the store buffer, and the wraparound state of a circular wraparound allocation approach employed to allocate buffer slots to the memory store operations, at the time the memory load operation being executed was issued.

摘要翻译： 在无序执行计算机系统中，当执行缓冲存储器加载操作时，存储缓冲器有条件地发信号通知缓冲存储器存储操作的缓冲存储数据。 使用包含在执行存储器加载操作的时刻存储缓冲器的分配状态的控制信息来确定是否发出存储缓冲器的信号。 分配状态包括存储存储到存储缓冲器中的最后存储器存储操作的缓冲器槽的标识，以及在存储器加载操作时用于将缓冲器时隙分配给存储器存储操作的循环环绕分配方法的环绕状态 正在执行中。

公开(公告)号：US5748937A

公开(公告)日：1998-05-05

申请号：US825417

申请日：1997-03-28

申请人： Jeffrey M. Abramson ,  Haitham Akkary ,  Andrew F. Glew ,  Glenn J. Hinton ,  Kris G. Konigsfeld ,  Paul D. Madland

发明人： Jeffrey M. Abramson ,  Haitham Akkary ,  Andrew F. Glew ,  Glenn J. Hinton ,  Kris G. Konigsfeld ,  Paul D. Madland

IPC分类号： G06F9/38

CPC分类号： G06F9/3834

摘要： A computer system having a mechanism for maintaining processor ordering during out-of-order instruction execution is disclosed wherein load memory instructions are accessed according to program order and executed out-of-order in relation to the program order where appropriate. Processors in the system snoop an external bus for bus transactions that conflict with completed load memory instructions before committing results of the completed load memory instructions to an architectural state.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种具有用于在无序指令执行期间维持处理器排序的机构的计算机系统，其中根据程序顺序访问加载存储器指令，并且在适当时根据程序顺序执行无序操作。 在将完成的加载存储器指令的结果提交到架构状态之前，系统中的处理器会窥探总线事务的外部总线，这些总线事务与完成的加载存储器指令冲突。

公开(公告)号：US5680572A

公开(公告)日：1997-10-21

申请号：US680109

申请日：1996-07-15

申请人： Haitham Akkary ,  Jeffrey M. Abramson ,  Andrew F. Glew ,  Glenn J. Hinton ,  Kris G. Konigsfeld ,  Paul D. Madland ,  Mandar S. Joshi ,  Brent E. Lince

发明人： Haitham Akkary ,  Jeffrey M. Abramson ,  Andrew F. Glew ,  Glenn J. Hinton ,  Kris G. Konigsfeld ,  Paul D. Madland ,  Mandar S. Joshi ,  Brent E. Lince

IPC分类号： G06F12/08

CPC分类号： G06F12/0859

摘要： A data cache and a plurality of companion fill buffers having corresponding tag matching circuitry are provided to a computer system. Each fill buffer independently stores and tracks a replacement cache line being filled with data returning from main memory in response to a cache miss. When the cache fill is completed, the replacement cache line is output for the cache tag and data arrays of the data cache if the memory locations are cacheable and the cache line has not been snoop hit while the cache fill was in progress. Additionally, the fill buffers are organized and provided with sufficient address and data ports as well as selectors to allow the fill buffers to respond to subsequent processor loads and stores, and external snoops that hit their cache lines while the cache fills are in progress. As a result, the cache tag and data arrays of the data cache can continue to serve subsequent processor loads and stores, and external snoops, while one or more cache fills are in progress, without ever having to stall the processor.

摘要翻译： 具有对应的标签匹配电路的数据高速缓存和多个伴随填充缓冲器被提供给计算机系统。 每个填充缓冲器独立地存储和跟踪填充有响应于高速缓存未命中从主存储器返回的数据的替换高速缓存行。 当缓存填充完成时，如果内存位置是可高速缓存的，并且缓存填充正在进行时，缓存线尚未被窥探，则会为高速缓存标签和数据高速缓存的数据阵列输出替换高速缓存行。 此外，填充缓冲区被组织并提供有足够的地址和数据端口以及选择器，以允许填充缓冲区响应后续处理器负载和存储，以及在高速缓存填充正在进行时触发其缓存行的外部监听。 因此，数据高速缓存的高速缓存标签和数据阵列可以在一个或多个缓存填充正在进行的同时继续提供后续的处理器加载和存储以及外部监听，而无需停止处理器。

公开(公告)号：US5564111A

公开(公告)日：1996-10-08

申请号：US315833

申请日：1994-09-30

申请人： Andrew F. Glew ,  Haitham Akkary ,  Robert P. Colwell ,  Glenn J. Hinton ,  David B. Papworth ,  Michael A. Fetterman

发明人： Andrew F. Glew ,  Haitham Akkary ,  Robert P. Colwell ,  Glenn J. Hinton ,  David B. Papworth ,  Michael A. Fetterman

IPC分类号： G06F9/38 ,  G06F11/00 ,  G06F12/10 ,  G06F11/34

CPC分类号： G06F9/3865 ,  G06F11/0751 ,  G06F12/1027 ,  G06F9/3842 ,  G06F2212/684

摘要： A non-blocking translation lookaside buffer is described for use in a microprocessor capable of processing speculative and out-of-order instructions. Upon the detection of a fault, either during a translation lookaside buffer hit or a page table walk performed in response to a translation lookaside buffer miss, information associated with the faulting instruction is stored within a fault register within the translation lookaside buffer. The stored information includes the linear address of the instruction and information identifying the age of instruction. In addition to storing the information within the fault register, a portion of the information is transmitted to a reordering buffer of the microprocessor for storage therein pending retirement of the faulting instruction. Prior to retirement of the faulting instruction, the translation lookaside buffer continues to process further instructions. Upon retirement of each instruction, the reordering buffer determines whether a fault had been detected for that instruction and, if so, the microprocessor is flushed. Then, a branch is taken into microcode. The microcode accesses the linear address and other information stored within the fault register of the translation lookaside buffer and handles the fault. The system is flushed and the microcode is executed only for faulting instructions which actually retire. As such, faults detected while processing speculative instructions based upon mispredicted branches do not prevent further address translations and do not cause the system to be flushed. Method and apparatus implementations are described herein.

摘要翻译： 描述了用于能够处理推测和乱序指令的微处理器中的非阻塞转换后备缓冲器。 在检测到故障时，无论是在翻译后备缓冲器命中还是响应于翻译后备缓冲器未命中执行的页表行走期间，与故障指令相关联的信息都存储在翻译后备缓冲器内的故障寄存器内。 所存储的信息包括指令的线性地址和识别指令年龄的信息。 除了将信息存储在故障寄存器之外，信息的一部分被发送到微处理器的重排序缓冲器以便存储在故障指令中。 在故障指令退出之前，翻译后备缓冲区继续处理进一步的指令。 在每个指令退出后，重新排序缓冲器确定是否检测到该指令发生故障，如果是，则清除微处理器。 然后，一个分支被带入微码。 微代码访问存储在翻译后备缓冲区的故障寄存器内的线性地址和其他信息，并处理故障。 系统被刷新，微代码仅对实际退出的故障指令执行。 因此，基于错误预测的分支处理推测性指令时检测到的故障不会妨碍进一步的地址转换，并且不会导致系统被刷新。 本文描述了方法和装置实现。

公开(公告)号：US5420991A

公开(公告)日：1995-05-30

申请号：US177239

申请日：1994-01-04

申请人： Kris G. Konigsfeld ,  Jeffrey M. Abramson ,  Haitham Akkary ,  Glenn J. Hinton ,  Andrew F. Glew

发明人： Kris G. Konigsfeld ,  Jeffrey M. Abramson ,  Haitham Akkary ,  Glenn J. Hinton ,  Andrew F. Glew

IPC分类号： G06F9/312 ,  G06F9/38 ,  G06F12/08 ,  G06F9/46

CPC分类号： G06F9/30043 ,  G06F12/0831 ,  G06F9/3834

摘要： An apparatus for maintaining processor ordering in a multi-processor computer system wherein loads are performed speculatively. Speculative loads of each processor are temporarily stored in their respective processors' load buffer. When one of the processors performs a store, a snoop operation is performed on the other processors' load buffers. If the snoop results in a hit, a determination is made as to whether that load buffer contains any prior conflicting speculative loads which have been completed. If the load buffer does contain a prior conflicting load, a processor ordering violation signal is generated. In response to this signal, the violating load and all subsequent operations are canceled and re-executed at a later time.

摘要翻译： 一种用于在多处理器计算机系统中维持处理器排序的装置，其中负载被推测地执行。 每个处理器的推测负载临时存储在它们各自的处理器的负载缓冲器中。 当其中一个处理器执行存储时，对其他处理器的负载缓冲区执行窥探操作。 如果窥探导致命中，则确定该加载缓冲器是否包含已经完成的任何先前冲突的推测负载。 如果加载缓冲区确实包含先前存在冲突的负载，则会生成处理器排序违规信号。 响应于该信号，违反负载和所有后续操作将在以后被取消并重新执行。

公开(公告)号：US06378062B1

公开(公告)日：2002-04-23

申请号：US08825427

申请日：1997-03-28

申请人： Jeffery M. Abramson ,  Haitham Akkary ,  Andrew F. Glew ,  Glenn J. Hinton ,  Kris G. Konigsfeld ,  Paul D. Madland

发明人： Jeffery M. Abramson ,  Haitham Akkary ,  Andrew F. Glew ,  Glenn J. Hinton ,  Kris G. Konigsfeld ,  Paul D. Madland

IPC分类号： G06F930

CPC分类号： G06F9/3855 ,  G06F9/30043 ,  G06F9/3834 ,  G06F9/3836 ,  G06F9/3838 ,  G06F9/3857

摘要： The present invention provides for executing store instructions with a processor. The present invention executes each of the store instructions by producing the data that is to be stored and by calculating the destination address to which the data is to be stored. In the present invention, the store instructions are executed to produce the destination address of the store instruction earlier than the prior art.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供用处理器执行存储指令。 本发明通过产生要存储的数据并通过计算要存储数据的目的地地址来执行每个存储指令。 在本发明中，执行存储指令以比现有技术更早地产生存储指令的目的地地址。