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公开(公告)号：US5527640A
公开(公告)日：1996-06-18
申请号：US306214
申请日：1994-09-14
IPC分类号： H01G9/02 , H01G9/022 , H01G9/04 , H01G9/042 , H01M4/60 , H01M10/05 , H01M10/0568 , H01M10/40
摘要： A new class of electrochemical capacitors provides in its charged state a positive electrode including an active material of a p-doped material and a negative electrode including an active material of an n-doped conducting polymer, where the p-doped and n-doped materials are separated by an electrolyte. In a preferred embodiment, the positive and negative electrode active materials are selected from conducting polymers consisting of polythiophene, polymers having an aryl group attached in the 3-position, polymers having aryl and alkyl groups independently attached in the 3- and 4-positions, and polymers synthesized from bridged dimers having polythiophene as the backbone. A preferred electrolyte is a tetraalykyl ammonium salt, such as tetramethylammonium trifluoromethane sulphonate (TMATFMS), that provides small ions that are mobile through the active material, is soluble in acetonitrile, and can be used in a variety of capacitor configurations.
摘要翻译： 一类新的电化学电容器在其带电状态下提供包括p掺杂材料的活性材料的正电极和包含n-掺杂导电聚合物的活性材料的负电极，其中p掺杂和n掺杂材料 被电解质分离。 在优选的实施方案中，正极活性材料和负极活性材料选自由聚噻吩组成的导电聚合物，具有连接在3-位上的芳基的聚合物，具有芳基的聚合物和独立地连接在3-和4-位的烷基， 由聚噻吩作为主链的桥连二聚体合成的聚合物。 优选的电解质是四烷基铵盐，例如四甲基三氟甲烷磺酸铵（TMATFMS），其提供可通过活性材料移动的小离子，可溶于乙腈，并且可用于各种电容器配置。
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2.发明授权Alkaline membrane fuel cells and apparatus and methods for supplying water thereto 有权碱性膜燃料电池及其供给水的设备及方法公开(公告)号：US08257872B2
公开(公告)日：2012-09-04
申请号：US13020614
申请日：2011-02-03
CPC分类号： H01M8/103 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/8807 , H01M4/881 , H01M4/8825 , H01M4/8853 , H01M4/886 , H01M4/8871 , H01M4/8892 , H01M8/023 , H01M8/0289 , H01M8/083 , H01M8/106 , H01M8/1062 , H01M8/1067 , H01M8/1088 , H01M8/1093 , Y02P70/56
摘要： A device to produce electricity by a chemical reaction without the addition of liquid electrolyte comprises an anode electrode, a polymer membrane electrolyte fabricated to conduct hydroxyl (OH—) ions, the membrane being in physical contact with the anode electrode on a first side of the membrane, and a cathode electrode in physical contact with a second side of the membrane. The anode electrode and cathode electrode contain catalysts, and the catalysts are constructed substantially entirely from non-precious metal catalysts. Water may be transferred to the cathode side of the membrane from an external source of water.
摘要翻译： 在没有添加液体电解质的情况下通过化学反应产生电的装置包括阳极电极，制造成进行羟基（OH-）离子的聚合物膜电解质），所述膜在阳极电极的第一面上与阳极电极物理接触 膜和与膜的第二侧物理接触的阴极电极。 阳极电极和阴极电极含有催化剂，催化剂基本上完全由非贵金属催化剂构成。 水可以从外部水源转移到膜的阴极侧。
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公开(公告)号：US07179501B2
公开(公告)日：2007-02-20
申请号：US11026728
申请日：2005-04-13
CPC分类号： H01M4/8807 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/8817 , H01M4/92 , H01M4/96 , H01M8/1004 , H01M8/1009 , Y02E60/523 , Y10T428/30
摘要： A fuel cell diffusion layer providing a preferential path by which liquid reactants or byproducts may be supplied to or removed from a direct oxidation fuel cell is described. The modified diffusion layer will be typically on the cathode side of the fuel cell and its use is to eliminate or minimize flooding of the cathode diffusion layer area, which is a performance limiting condition in direct methanol fuel cells. In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, the diffusion layer includes a substrate that is coated with a microporous layer. A pattern may be embossed into the diffusion layer, to create preferential flow paths by which water will travel and thereby be removed from the cathode catalyst area. This avoids cathode flooding and avoids build up of potentially destructive pressure by possible cathodic water accumulation. This also provides a means for collecting cathode water for redirection In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the preferential path is established by applying a thicker microporous layer to the carbon cloth or carbon paper and drying it in such a fashion so that when it dries, the surface of the microporous layer cracks to provide the pathways.
摘要翻译： 描述了提供可以向直接氧化燃料电池供应或从直接氧化燃料电池移除液体反应物或副产物的优选路径的燃料电池扩散层。 改性扩散层通常在燃料电池的阴极侧，其用途是消除或最小化阴极扩散层面积的泛化，这是直接甲醇燃料电池中的性能限制条件。 根据本发明的一个实施例，扩散层包括涂覆有微孔层的基底。 图案可以被压印到扩散层中，以产生优选的流动路径，水将通过该路径移动，从而从阴极催化剂区域移除。 这样可以避免阴极淹没，并避免潜在的破坏性压力由可能的阴极水积聚造成。 这也提供了用于收集用于重定向的阴极水的方法。根据本发明的另一方面，优选路径是通过对碳布或碳纸施加较厚的微孔层并以这样的方式干燥来建立的： ，微孔层的表面裂纹提供通路。
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4.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20050053811A1
公开(公告)日：2005-03-10
申请号：US10970396
申请日：2004-10-21
IPC分类号： H01M8/04 , H01M20060101 , H01M8/00 , H01M8/12 , H01M8/18
CPC分类号： H01M8/04194 , H01M8/04291
摘要： Apparatus and methods for regulating methanol concentration in a direct methanol fuel cell system without the need for a methanol concentration sensor. One or more operating characteristics of the fuel cell, such as the potential across the load, open circuit potential, potential at the anode proximate to the end of the fuel flow path or short circuit current of the fuel cell, are used to actively control the methanol concentration.
摘要翻译： 在直接甲醇燃料电池系统中调节甲醇浓度的装置和方法，而不需要甲醇浓度传感器。 燃料电池的一个或多个操作特性，例如负载电位，开路电位，靠近燃料流路端部的阳极电位或燃料电池的短路电流，被用于主动地控制 甲醇浓度。
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公开(公告)号：US06356433B1
公开(公告)日：2002-03-12
申请号：US09653621
申请日：2000-08-31
IPC分类号： H01G900
CPC分类号： H01G11/48 , H01G11/80 , Y02E60/13 , Y02T10/7022
摘要： A sealed ultracapacitor assembly is formed with first and second electrodes of first and second conducting polymers electrodeposited on porous carbon paper substrates, where the first and second electrodes each define first and second exterior surfaces and first and second opposing surfaces. First and second current collector plates are bonded to the first and second exterior surfaces, respectively. A porous membrane separates the first and second opposing surfaces, with a liquid electrolyte impregnating the insulating membrane. A gasket formed of a thermoplastic material surrounds the first and second electrodes and seals between the first and second current collector plates for containing the liquid electrolyte.
摘要翻译： 密封的超级电容器组件形成有电沉积在多孔碳纸基底上的第一和第二导电聚合物的第一和第二电极，其中第一和第二电极各自限定第一和第二外表面以及第一和第二相对表面。 第一和第二集电板分别结合到第一和第二外表面。 多孔膜用浸渍绝缘膜的液体电解质分离第一和第二相对表面。 由热塑性材料形成的垫圈包围第一和第二电极，并在第一和第二集电板之间密封以容纳液体电解质。
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6.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20110151342A1
公开(公告)日：2011-06-23
申请号：US13020614
申请日：2011-02-03
CPC分类号： H01M8/103 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/8807 , H01M4/881 , H01M4/8825 , H01M4/8853 , H01M4/886 , H01M4/8871 , H01M4/8892 , H01M8/023 , H01M8/0289 , H01M8/083 , H01M8/106 , H01M8/1062 , H01M8/1067 , H01M8/1088 , H01M8/1093 , Y02P70/56
摘要： A device to produce electricity by a chemical reaction without the addition of liquid electrolyte comprises an anode electrode, a polymer membrane electrolyte fabricated to conduct hydroxyl (OH—) ions, the membrane being in physical contact with the anode electrode on a first side of the membrane, and a cathode electrode in physical contact with a second side of the membrane. The anode electrode and cathode electrode contain catalysts, and the catalysts are constructed substantially entirely from non-precious metal catalysts. Water may be transferred to the cathode side of the membrane from an external source of water.
摘要翻译： 在没有添加液体电解质的情况下通过化学反应产生电的装置包括阳极电极，制造成进行羟基（OH-）离子的聚合物膜电解质），所述膜在阳极电极的第一面上与阳极电极物理接触 膜和与膜的第二侧物理接触的阴极电极。 阳极电极和阴极电极含有催化剂，催化剂基本上完全由非贵金属催化剂构成。 水可以从外部水源转移到膜的阴极侧。
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7.发明授权公开(公告)号：US07083708B2
公开(公告)日：2006-08-01
申请号：US10631073
申请日：2003-07-31
IPC分类号： C25B9/10
CPC分类号： C25B1/46 , C25B9/08 , C25B11/035 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/8807 , H01M4/8828 , H01M4/92 , H01M4/926
摘要： Oxygen-consuming zero gap chlor-alkali cell was configured to minimize peroxide formation. The cell included an ion-exchange membrane that divided the cell into an anode chamber including an anode and a cathode chamber including an oxygen gas diffusion cathode. The cathode included a single-piece of electrically conducting graphitized carbon cloth. Catalyst and polytetrafluoroethylene were attached to only one side of the cloth. When the cathode was positioned against the cation exchange membrane with the catalyst side away from the membrane, electrolysis of sodium chloride to chlorine and caustic (sodium hydroxide) proceeded with minimal peroxide formation.
摘要翻译： 耗氧的零间隙氯碱电池被配置成使过氧化物形成最小化。 电池包括将电池分成包括阳极的阳极室和包括氧气扩散阴极的阴极室的离子交换膜。 阴极包括单片导电石墨化碳布。 催化剂和聚四氟乙烯仅附着在布的一侧。 当阴极靠近阳离子交换膜而使催化剂侧远离膜时，氯化钠电解为氯和苛性碱（氢氧化钠）进行了最小的过氧化物形成。
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公开(公告)号：US20050227140A1
公开(公告)日：2005-10-13
申请号：US11026728
申请日：2005-04-13
CPC分类号： H01M4/8807 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/8817 , H01M4/92 , H01M4/96 , H01M8/1004 , H01M8/1009 , Y02E60/523 , Y10T428/30
摘要： A fuel cell diffusion layer providing a preferential path by which liquid reactants or byproducts may be supplied to or removed from a direct oxidation fuel cell is described. The modified diffusion layer will be typically on the cathode side of the fuel cell and its use is to eliminate or minimize flooding of the cathode diffusion layer area, which is a performance limiting condition in direct methanol fuel cells. In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, the diffusion layer includes a substrate that is coated with a microporous layer. A pattern may be embossed into the diffusion layer, to create preferential flow paths by which water will travel and thereby be removed from the cathode catalyst area. This avoids cathode flooding and avoids build up of potentially destructive pressure by possible cathodic water accumulation. This also provides a means for collecting cathode water for redirection In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the preferential path is established by applying a thicker microporous layer to the carbon cloth or carbon paper and drying it in such a fashion so that when it dries, the surface of the microporous layer cracks to provide the pathways.
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9.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20050026005A1
公开(公告)日：2005-02-03
申请号：US10631073
申请日：2003-07-31
CPC分类号： C25B1/46 , C25B9/08 , C25B11/035 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/8807 , H01M4/8828 , H01M4/92 , H01M4/926
摘要： Oxygen-consuming zero gap chlor-alkali cell was configured to minimize peroxide formation. The cell included an ion-exchange membrane that divided the cell into an anode chamber including an anode and a cathode chamber including an oxygen gas diffusion cathode. The cathode included a single-piece of electrically conducting graphitized carbon cloth. Catalyst and polytetrafluoroethylene were attached to only one side of the cloth. When the cathode was positioned against the cation exchange membrane with the catalyst side away from the membrane, electrolysis of sodium chloride to chlorine and caustic (sodium hydroxide) proceeded with minimal peroxide formation.
摘要翻译： 耗氧的零间隙氯碱电池被配置成使过氧化物形成最小化。 电池包括将电池分成包括阳极的阳极室和包括氧气扩散阴极的阴极室的离子交换膜。 阴极包括单片导电石墨化碳布。 催化剂和聚四氟乙烯仅附着在布的一侧。 当阴极靠近阳离子交换膜而使催化剂侧远离膜时，氯化钠电解为氯和苛性碱（氢氧化钠）进行了最小的过氧化物形成。
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公开(公告)号：US06383640B1
公开(公告)日：2002-05-07
申请号：US09653615
申请日：2000-08-31
申请人： Steven Z. Shi , Shimshon Gottesfeld
发明人： Steven Z. Shi , Shimshon Gottesfeld
IPC分类号： B32B900
CPC分类号： H01G9/155 , B32B9/00 , C08G61/126 , H01G11/48 , H01L51/0036 , Y02E60/13 , Y10T428/30
摘要： In accordance with the purposes of the present invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, the present invention is directed to an electrode having a conducting polymer active material for use in an ultracapacitor. The conducting polymer active material is electropolymerized onto a carbon paper substrate from a mixed solution of a dimer of (3,3′ bithiophene) (BT) and a monomer that is selected from the group of thiophenes derived in the 3-position, having an aryl group attached to thiophene in the 3-position or having aryl and alkly groups independently attached to thiophene in the 3 and 4 positions.
摘要翻译： 根据本发明的目的，如本文所体现和广泛描述的，本发明涉及一种具有用于超级电容器的导电聚合物活性材料的电极。 将导电聚合物活性材料从（3,3'二噻吩）（BT）的二聚体和选自3-位衍生的噻吩类的单体的混合溶液中电聚合到碳纸基材上，具有 在3-位上连接到噻吩上的芳基或在3和4位独立地连接到噻吩上的芳基和烷基。
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