摘要:
An electrode (22) formed from a layer (24) of tetrahedral carbon doped with nitrogen (taC:N) has both electroanalytical and electrosynthetic applications. The electrode includes a substrate material (26), such as a silicon wafer, for supporting the taC:N layer. The electrode has good durability under a high anodic potential and high selectivity for conversion of chloride ions to chlorine, and for other electron transfer reactions. The electrode is readily formed at ambient temperatures by vacuum deposition of carbon and nitrogen ions on to the substrate. Masking of the substrate during deposition allows the formation of microelectrode arrays.
摘要:
We have found that etching of a body that comprises exposed Si as well as a Ti-comprising metal layer (e.g., a patterned Ti/Pt layer) in an amine-based anisotropic etchant for Si (e.g., 100.degree. C. EDP) frequently results in undesirable changes in the Ti-comprising metal layer. We have also found that the changes can be substantially reduced or eliminated by electrolytic means, namely, by making the metal layer the anode in an electrolytic cell that contains the etchant.
摘要:
It has been found that selective metallization in integrated circuits is expeditiously achieved through a copper plating procedure. In this process, palladium silicide is used as a catalytic surface and an electroless plating bath is employed to introduce copper plating only in regions where the silicide is present. Use of this procedure yields superior filling of vias and windows with excellent conductivity.
摘要:
The linewidth in patterns produced by etching copper layers is more easily maintained using a specific etching medium. In particular, this medium includes aqueous hydrofluoric acid, copper chloride, and an additional chloride salt. The etching medium is also particularly useful for bilayer metal constructions such as the copper/titanium structure found in many multichip modules.
摘要:
The ruthenium compound [Ru.sub.2 N(H.sub.2 O).sub.2 Cl.sub.8 ]K.sub.3 is prepared by refluxing a mixture of hydrated water soluble ruthenium chloride, having approximately 40% ruthenium content, and sulphamic acid, the latter having approximately half the molar concentration of the former, for several hours and then precipitating the desired compound by adding solutions of potassium chloride and hydrochloric acid. Electrical contacts on the reeds of sealed reed switches produced by electroplating from an aqueous solution of the salt produced in this manner are found to be particularly resistant to the thermal shock involved in the sealing of the switches.
摘要:
A quality control technique is based on the observation that trapping centers contribute to inefficient operation of junction devices. Devices are irradiated by a first radiation source of intensity sufficient to populate traps and a second radiation source of varying wavelength. Trapping centers are detected by a deviation from the expected photovoltaic output-incident wavelength relationship. Such "structure" is utilized as the basis for altering production conditions to minimize currents of such centers. While the procedure is of general applicability, it is particularly suitable as applied to photovoltaic cells.
摘要:
The revolutionary concept can be used on any caravan design or motorhome with slight alterations to the internal layout. The storage or other purpose unit serves as a windbreaker in the caravan design. Storage under the caravan or motorhome with the raised floor. The internal layout ideally will have a kitchen with island bench on the side that is opening FIG. 1. Where the opening is beside a bedroom ideally there will be a space at the end of the bed where a person can access the decking FIG. 3. All the wall materials are standard caravan materials which could be an aluminium or fibreglass sandwich and the decking material, internal wall when upright, will be a light Malibu or similar to give strength and durability. The two side walls are similar to gates with pin hinges. The decking wall will have stands that will support the deck to the ground being height adjustable. The caravan is fully operational without expanding the living areas or only expanding some of the area.
摘要:
The present invention relates generally to the field of cutting devices and specifically relates to cutting tools comprising a locking means in the form of an integral screw. In particular, the invention relates to a cutting device comprising an integral spring, capable of facilitating opening of the blades. According to one embodiment of this invention, the device comprises a locking screw and spring in scissors and nippers. According to an embodiment of this invention, the blades are self-sharpening.
摘要:
The linewidth in patterns produced by etching copper layers is more easily maintained using a specific etching medium. In particular, this medium includes aqueous hydrofluoric acid, copper chloride, and an additional chloride salt. The etching medium is also particularly useful for bilayer metal constructions such as the copper/titanium structure found in many multichip modules.
摘要:
A semiconductor liquid junction photocell having a photovoltaic junction between a p-type photoactive electrode comprising InP or Si and an electrolyte comprising a redox couple selected from the group consisting of V.sup.2+ /V.sup.3+, Nb.sup.4+ /Nb.sup.5+, and Ti.sup.3+ /Ti.sup.4+ produces a stable photocurrent output.