摘要:
The invention relates to a permeable composite material, a method for producing said composite material, and the use of the composite material. The inventive composite material contains essentially a porous, permeable support, another constituent having been solidified on and in or on or in said support. Said other constituent essentially contains metallic compounds with elements of the 3rd to the 6th main group. The constituent is solidified to, on or in the support by heating a suspension of the constituent suspended in a metal oxide sol applied on and in or on or in the support. The invention hereby provides a means of producing a permeable composite material in very mild conditions, either by heating strongly for a short period or by heating more moderately for a longer period. The resulting permeable composite material is excellently suited to applications in filtration and membrane technology.
摘要:
A claim is laid to a permeable composite, a process of production of the composite as well as the use of this composite. The composite essentially contains a perforated and permeable carrier, on and in or on or in which another component that essentially contains metallic compounds with elements from group III to VI of the periodic system is stabilized. Stabilization of the component on or in the carrier is carried out by heating a suspension consisting of the component suspended in a metallic oxide sol that has been applied onto or into or onto and into the carrier.In this way, it is possible to produce a permeable composite that is ideally suited for use in filtration and membrane technologies under very mild conditions either by heating for a short time or warming for a longer time.
摘要:
Mixtures of gases, liquids or solutions are separated by contacting the mixtures with a substance-permeable material and applying a voltage to the substance-permeable material, thereby increasing the efficiency of separation techniques such as microfiltration or ultrafiltration.
摘要:
The invention relates to a catalytically active, permeable composite material, a method for producing said composite material, and the use of the composite material. The inventive composite material can be used for separating mixtures of materials. The fact that various catalytically active substances can be incorporated into the material in various ways makes it highly flexible in terms of possible applications with properties which can be adapted to the particular purpose of an application. The inventive composite material can be used as a catalytically active membrane electrode, for example. According to the invention, the material is obtained by solidifying a suspension on and in a porous, permeable support. The production of the material requires either a very short period of heat treatment at temperatures of around 400° C. or treatment for a longer period at very mild temperatures of below 100° C.
摘要:
A gas filter, a process for producing a gas filter and the use of the gas filter. The filtration of gases, in particular of gases which are contaminated by solids, e.g. automobile exhaust gases, is difficult since the solids which have been filtered out block the filter over the course of time. The gas filter of the invention can be used over relatively long periods of time since it is regenerable. The improvement achieved by the invention compared to conventional gas filters is that the filter comprises a composite material which can be heated in a simple manner by application of a voltage to the electrically conductive support material of the composite material and thermally decomposable substances which can block the filter can be decomposed. The filter of the invention can be used wherever gases which are contaminated by thermally decomposable solids have to be cleaned.
摘要:
A separator for an electrochemical cell, comprising (A) a flexible perforate support, (B) a porous first ceramic material which fills the perforations in the support and which (i) has a pore structure which is characterized by an average pore size, and (ii) is suitable for receiving an ion-conducting electrolyte, wherein (C) the electrolyte-contactable pore surface of the first porous ceramic material is covered with fine particles of a further material to extend the use life, the average size of the fine particles being in the range from 0.5 to 30% and preferably in the range from 1 to 15% of the average pore size of the ceramic material.
摘要:
The present invention relates to electrical separators and to a process for producing them.An electrical separator is a separator used in batteries and other arrangements in which electrodes have to be separated from each other while maintaining ion conductivity for example. The separator is preferably a thin porous insulating material processing high ion perviousness, good mechanical strength and long-term stability to the chemicals and solvents used in the system, for example in the electrolyte of the battery. In batteries, the separator shall fully electrically insulate the cathode from the anode. Moreover, the separator shall be permanently elastic and follow movements in the system, for example in the electrode pack in the course of charging and discharging.This object is achieved by an electrical separator according to the invention, comprising a sheetlike flexible substrate having a multiplicity of openings and having a coating on and in said substrate, said substrate being a polymeric nonwoven and said coating being a porous electrically insulating ceramic coating, said separator being characterized by said nonwoven having a thickness of less than 30 μm, a porosity of more than 50% and a pore radius distribution in which at least 50% of the pores have a pore radius from 75 to 150 μm.
摘要:
The present invention relates to separator-electrode units for lithium batteries and also to a process for their production.The separator-electrode units comprise a porous electrode which is useful as a positive electrode (cathode) or negative electrode (anode) in a lithium battery and a separator layer applied to this electrode and are characterized in that the separator-electrode units comprise a purely inorganic separator layer which comprises at least two fractions of metal oxide particles which differ from each other in their average particle size and/or in the metal. More particularly, the separator layer comprises metal oxide particles having an average particle size (Dg) which is greater than the average pore size (d) of the pores of the porous positive electrode that are bonded together by metal oxide particles having a particle size (Dk) which is smaller than the pores of the porous electrode.The separator-electrode unit of the invention has the advantage that it is simple to manufacture as one component and, since the step of laminating the separator onto the electrode can be omitted, that it can comprise a large variation of materials. In addition, a separator-electrode unit according to the invention possesses excellent mechanical stability and a very low separator thickness, which is why it can even be used in lithium high energy batteries.
摘要:
A separator for an electrochemical cell, comprising (A) a flexible perforate support, (B) a porous first ceramic material which fills the perforations in the support and which (i) has a pore structure which is characterized by an average pore size, and (ii) is suitable for receiving an ion-conducting electrolyte, wherein (C) the electrolyte-contactable pore surface of the first porous ceramic material is covered with fine particles of a further material to extend the use life, the average size of the fine particles being in the range from 0.5 to 30% and preferably in the range from 1 to 15% of the average pore size of the ceramic material.
摘要:
Robust separator which has, on a substrate and in the voids of the substrate, which comprises fibers of an electrically nonconductive material, an electrically nonconductive coating comprising oxide particles which are adhesively bonded to one another and to the substrate by an inorganic adhesive and comprise at least one oxide selected from Al2O3, ZrO2 and SiO2, polymer particles also being present in the ceramic coating in addition to the oxide particles of Al2O3, ZrO2 and/or SiO2. These separators have particularly good handling properties since they are mechanically very stable.
摘要翻译:坚固的分离器在衬底上和衬底的空隙中,其包含非导电材料的纤维,包含氧化物颗粒的非导电涂层,其通过无机粘合剂粘合地粘合到衬底上并且包括在 除了Al 2 O 3,ZrO 2和/或SiO 2的氧化物颗粒之外,还选自Al 2 O 3,ZrO 2和SiO 2中的至少一种氧化物,聚合物颗粒也存在于陶瓷涂层中。 这些分离器具有特别好的处理性能,因为它们在机械上非常稳定。