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    Production of hydrogen fluoride and calcium sulfate
    1.
    发明授权
    Production of hydrogen fluoride and calcium sulfate 失效
    生产氟化氢和硫酸钙

    公开(公告)号：US4010245A

    公开(公告)日：1977-03-01

    申请号：US596050

    申请日：1975-07-15

    申请人： Bernhard Spreckelmeyer ,  Hans Guth ,  Werner Schabacher ,  Hermann Rohe

    发明人： Bernhard Spreckelmeyer ,  Hans Guth ,  Werner Schabacher ,  Hermann Rohe

    IPC分类号： C01B7/19 ,  C01F11/46 ,  C01B7/22

    CPC分类号： C01B7/192 ,  C01F11/46

    摘要： In the production of hydrofluoric acid and calcium sulfate by subjecting sulfuric acid and fluorspar to a partial preliminary reaction in a preliminary reaction zone and the reaction is completed in an after-reaction zone at a temperature from about 100.degree. to 500.degree. C, the improvement which comprises effecting the preliminary reaction by circulating preliminary reaction product through said preliminary reaction zone, adding to the circulating preliminary reaction product at spaced locations in the preliminary reaction zone sulfuric acid preheated to a temperature of about 80.degree. to 200.degree. C and fluorspar preheated to a temperature of about 400.degree. to 800.degree. C, removing from said preliminary reaction zone gaseous hydrofluoric acid and a substantially dry mixture of calcium sulfate, unreacted sulfuric acid and fluorspar, and passing said dry mixture of calcium sulfate, unreacted sulfuric acid and fluorspar to said after-reaction zone. Only some of the necessary sulfuric acid may be supplied to the preliminary reaction zone and the balance supplied to the after-reaction zone. Heating of the preliminary reaction zone can be external or materials can be added which will react exothermically, e.g. SO.sub.3 to react with water in the system, CaO to react with sulfuric acid. A suitable apparatus is provided, comprising two parallel troughs connected at their ends by overflows and with oppositely rotating screws to circulate the contents. Means are provided for introducing reactants at spaced locations and for removing a mixture of product plus unreacted starting materials.

    摘要翻译： 在通过在预反应区中进行硫酸和氟化物部分预反应的氢氟酸和硫酸钙的生产中，反应区域在约100-500℃的温度下在反应后区域完成， 其包括通过使预反应产物循环通过所述预反应区进行预反应，将预反应区中的间隔位置加入到循环的预反应产物中，硫酸预热至约80℃至200℃的温度，并将氟石预热至 约400-800℃的温度，从所述预反应区除去气态氢氟酸和基本上干燥的硫酸钙，未反应的硫酸和氟石的混合物，并将硫酸钙，未反应的硫酸和氟石的干混合物通入 说后反应区。 可以仅将一些必需的硫酸供应到预反应区，并将余量供给到反应后区。 预反应区的加热可以是外部的，或者可以添加可以放热反应的材料，例如 SO3与体系中的水反应，CaO与硫酸反应。 提供了一种合适的装置，包括两个平行的槽，它们的端部通过溢流和相对旋转的螺钉连接，以使内容物循环。 提供了用于在间隔位置引入反应物并用于除去产物混合物加未反应的起始材料的方法。

    Production of activated carbon in a reactor having a lower static layer and an upper fluidized layer
    2.
    发明授权
    Production of activated carbon in a reactor having a lower static layer and an upper fluidized layer 失效
    在具有较低静电层和上流化层的反应器中制备活性炭

    公开(公告)号：US4148752A

    公开(公告)日：1979-04-10

    申请号：US924787

    申请日：1978-07-14

    申请人： Alex Burger ,  Hans Guth ,  Werner Ludovici ,  Hermann Rohe

    发明人： Alex Burger ,  Hans Guth ,  Werner Ludovici ,  Hermann Rohe

    IPC分类号： B01J8/18 ,  C01B32/336 ,  C10J3/56 ,  C01B31/10 ,  B01J21/18

    CPC分类号： C10J3/723 ,  B01J8/1836 ,  C01B31/10 ,  C10J3/482 ,  C10J3/56 ,  B01J2208/0007 ,  B01J2208/00079 ,  B01J2208/00309 ,  B01J2208/00495 ,  B01J2208/00504 ,  B01J2208/0053 ,  C10J2300/0916 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0993 ,  C10J2300/1807 ,  Y02P20/52

    摘要： In the production of activated carbon by passing a preheated gaseous activation medium through a zone containing a bed of carbon-containing material while indirectly heating to maintain a temperature of about 500.degree. to 1100.degree. C., supplying carbon-containing material to the bed, and removing activated carbon from the bed, the improvement which comprises introducing the activation medium and the carbon-containing material co-current near the bottom of the zone at a rate such that gaseous products are formed in a quantity sufficient to maintain in the zone a lower static layer and an upper fluidized layer in particular proportions, the rate of supply of the carbon-containing material and withdrawal of activated carbon being related so as to convert about 30 to 55% by weight of the carbon-containing material to gaseous products. The average residence of the carbon-containing material is from about 0.2 to 6, preferably 1 to 4, hours. A suitable apparatus for carrying out the process is described.

    摘要翻译： 在通过使预热的气态活化介质通过含有含碳材料床的区域而间接加热以保持约500至1100℃的温度来生产活性炭时，将含碳材料供应到床中， 并且从床中除去活性炭，其改进包括以使得气体产物形成的量足以保持在区域a中的速率将该活化介质和含碳材料并流在该区域的底部附近 较低的静态层和上部流化层的特定比例，含碳材料的供应速率和活性炭的抽出是相关的，从而将约30至55重量％的含碳材料转化成气态产物。 含碳材料的平均居住位置为约0.2至6，优选1至4小时。 描述了用于执行该过程的合适的装置。

    Single stage process for continuous introduction of oxygen-containing gases into effluent containing activated sludge
    3.
    发明授权
    Single stage process for continuous introduction of oxygen-containing gases into effluent containing activated sludge 失效
    将含氧气体连续引入含活性污泥的废水中的单阶段方法

    公开(公告)号：US4166790A

    公开(公告)日：1979-09-04

    申请号：US790108

    申请日：1977-04-22

    申请人： Marko Zlokarnik ,  Hans Guth ,  Theo Mann

    发明人： Marko Zlokarnik ,  Hans Guth ,  Theo Mann

    IPC分类号： B01F3/04 ,  B01F3/08 ,  B01F5/02 ,  B01F5/04 ,  C02F3/12 ,  C02F3/26 ,  F04F5/46 ,  C02C1/12

    CPC分类号： C02F3/1294 ,  B01F3/0876 ,  B01F5/0212 ,  B01F5/0413 ,  B01F5/0428 ,  C02F3/26 ,  F04F5/46 ,  B01F2003/04879 ,  B01F2005/0446 ,  B01F3/04099 ,  Y02W10/15

    摘要： A process and apparatus for the continuous introduction of air or oxygen-containing gases into an effluent containing activated sludge, the oxygen-containing gas largely being consumed by the effluent containing activated sludge in a single absorption stage, comprising introducing through a plurality of gas inlets an oxygen-containing gas into an effluent containing activated sludge which is in a basin under its own hydrostatic pressure of at least about 0.9 bar, the gas pressure of the gas introduced being about 0.01 to 0.5 bar above the hydrostatic pressure prevailing at the gas inlet, each gas inlet having a gas-swept cross-sectional area of at least about 0.01 m.sup.2 which is loaded by at least about 100 effective cubic meters of gas per square meter of cross-sectional area per hour, and the individual gas inlets being separated by a distance of at least about 0.5 meter, as measured from the middle point of a gas inlet. The gas inlets may be nozzles, ejectors or apertured plates preferably spaced equidistantly from one another and each may be supplied with propulsion liquid comprising effluent containing activated sludge. Preferred ranges from the various parameters depend upon whether the gas introduced contains more or less than 50% by volume of oxygen. Special gas injectors are also provided.

    摘要翻译： 一种用于将空气或含氧气体连续引入含有活性污泥的流出物的方法和装置，所述含氧气体在单一吸收阶段主要被含有活性污泥的流出物消耗，包括通过多个气体入口 将含氧气体输送到含有活性污泥的流出物中，活性污泥在其本身的至少约0.9巴的静水压力下处于盆中，所引入的气体的气体压力高于气体入口处的静水压力约0.01至0.5巴 每个气体入口具有至少约0.01m 2的气体扫掠横截面积，其每小时每平方米横截面面积加载至少约100个有效立方米的气体，并且各个气体入口被分离 从气体入口的中点测量至少约0.5米的距离。 气体入口可以是优选彼此间隔等距离地分开的喷嘴，喷射器或多孔板，并且每个可以供应包括含有活性污泥的流出物的推进液。 来自各种参数的优选范围取决于引入的气体是否含有多于或少于50体积％的氧。 还提供特殊气体喷射器。

    Working up spent sulphuric acid simultaneously with sulphate salts
    8.
    发明授权
    Working up spent sulphuric acid simultaneously with sulphate salts 失效
    与硫酸盐同时处理废硫酸

    公开(公告)号：US4153628A

    公开(公告)日：1979-05-08

    申请号：US836465

    申请日：1977-09-26

    申请人： Rudolf Gerken ,  Hans Guth ,  Christoph Mucke ,  Willi Potes ,  Hermann Wieschen

    发明人： Rudolf Gerken ,  Hans Guth ,  Christoph Mucke ,  Willi Potes ,  Hermann Wieschen

    IPC分类号： C01B17/50 ,  C01B17/58 ,  C01B17/775 ,  C02F1/04 ,  C01B17/90 ,  C01B17/72

    CPC分类号： C01B17/58 ,  C01B17/775 ,  Y10S423/02

    摘要： Spent sulphuric acid, either alongside or mixed with contaminated metal salts such as iron sulphate heptahydrate, is regenerated to fresh acid by countercurrent contact with gases from cleavage of the sulphate salts, such gases containing SO.sub.3 which effects build up of the acid concentration. The built up acid is evaporated in another stage to obtain pure acid. The metal sulphate solids are subjected to high temperature cleavage, generating SO.sub.3 which effects the previous concentration. Cleavage also produces some SO.sub.2 which is converted to SO.sub.3 by wet catalysis.

    摘要翻译： 与受污染的金属盐（如七水硫酸铁）一起或与其混合的硫酸可以通过与硫酸盐裂解的气体逆流接触而再生成新鲜的酸，这些气体含有SO 3，从而产生酸浓度。 在另一个阶段将积聚的酸蒸发得到纯酸。 金属硫酸盐固体经受高温裂解，产生影响先前浓度的SO 3。 裂解还产生一些SO2，其通过湿催化转化为SO 3。