公开(公告)号：US06875409B1

公开(公告)日：2005-04-05

申请号：US10038120

申请日：2001-11-09

申请人： Bing Zhou ,  Lap-Keung Lee ,  Naresh J. Suchak

发明人： Bing Zhou ,  Lap-Keung Lee ,  Naresh J. Suchak

IPC分类号： B01J23/00

CPC分类号： B01J23/002 ,  B01D53/944 ,  B01D2253/112 ,  B01D2255/1021 ,  B01D2255/2073 ,  B01D2255/20738 ,  B01D2255/20746 ,  B01D2255/20761 ,  B01D2255/91 ,  B01J23/78 ,  B01J23/83 ,  B01J23/894 ,  B01J23/8986 ,  B01J37/0201 ,  B01J37/34 ,  B01J2523/00 ,  B01J2523/17 ,  B01J2523/3706 ,  B01J2523/72 ,  B01J2523/25

摘要： A bi-functional oxidation catalyst and process for catalytic oxidation and removal of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from combustion gases derived from combustion of carbonaceous fuels such as coal, oil, or natural gas. The bi-functional catalyst includes adsorption and oxidation function metal oxides provided in adjacent close intimate contact by utilizing a binding agent, such as carboxylic acid and calcining to provide a metal oxide complex having a crystalline form. Such nitrogen oxides (NOx) contained in the combustion gases are initially catalytically oxidized to at least about 50 vol % NO2 and some higher oxides by contact with the bi-functional catalyst at 170-550° F. temperature. The combustion gas containing the partially oxidized NOx is then preferably further chemically oxidized by being mixed with a chemical oxidant such as ozone (O3) in a molar ratio of the chemical oxidant3 to NOx in the range of 0.5:1-1.2:1 to produce higher oxides of nitrogen such as substantially N2O5. The further treated combustion gas containing the N2O5 is next scrubbed with a suitable scrubbing liquid such as water to effectively remove the nitrogen oxides (NOx) and produce a clean treated flue gas stream containing less than about 15 ppm nitrogen oxides and suitable for environmentally safe discharge to the atmosphere.

摘要翻译： 一种双功能氧化催化剂和从燃烧碳，燃料如煤，油或天然气的燃烧产生的燃烧气体催化氧化和除去氮氧化物（NOx）的方法。 双功能催化剂包括通过利用粘合剂（例如羧酸）和煅烧以提供具有结晶形式的金属氧化物络合物在相邻紧密接触中提供的吸附和氧化功能金属氧化物。 包含在燃烧气体中的这种氮氧化物（NOx）在170-550°F温度下与双功能催化剂接触，最初催化氧化至至少约50vol％的NO 2和一些较高的氧化物。 含有部分氧化的NOx的燃烧气体然后优选通过与化学氧化剂例如臭氧（O 3）以化学氧化剂3与NOx的摩尔​​比在0.5：1-1.2:1的范围内混合而进一步化学氧化，以产生 较高的氮氧化物，例如基本上是N 2 O 5。 接下来用含有N2O5的处理过的燃烧气体用合适的洗涤液如水洗涤以有效去除氮氧化物（NOx）并产生含有小于约15ppm氮氧化物并且适于环境安全排放的清洁处理的烟道气流 到大气。

公开(公告)号：US06576214B2

公开(公告)日：2003-06-10

申请号：US09867190

申请日：2001-05-29

申请人： Bing Zhou ,  Michael A. Rueter ,  Lap-Keung Lee ,  Bruce P. Pelrine

发明人： Bing Zhou ,  Michael A. Rueter ,  Lap-Keung Lee ,  Bruce P. Pelrine

IPC分类号： C01B1501

CPC分类号： C01B15/029 ,  B01J21/18 ,  B01J23/38 ,  B01J23/40 ,  B01J35/0013 ,  B01J37/0203 ,  B01J37/0211 ,  C07D301/12 ,  Y02P20/52 ,  Y10S977/775 ,  Y10S977/777 ,  Y10S977/779 ,  Y10S977/836 ,  Y10S977/895 ,  Y10S977/926

摘要： A process for catalytically directly producing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) product from hydrogen and oxygen-containing feeds by contacting them with a supported noble metal phase-controlled catalyst and a suitable organic liquid solvent having a Solvent Selection Parameter (SSP) between 0.14×10−4 and 5.0×10−4 at reaction condition of 0-100° C. temperature and 100-3,000 psig pressure. Unconverted feed gas and organic liquid solvent solution are usually recovered and recycled back to the reactor along with any recovered catalyst. If desired, the hydrogen peroxide product can be fed together with an organic chemical feedstock such as propylene and with the organic liquid solvent solution into a second catalytic reaction step which oxidizes the feedstock to produce a desired crude oxidized organic product such as propylene oxide, which may be purified by distillation steps and recovered from the solvent solution.

公开(公告)号：US06919065B2

公开(公告)日：2005-07-19

申请号：US10431693

申请日：2003-05-07

申请人： Bing Zhou ,  Lap-Keung Lee

发明人： Bing Zhou ,  Lap-Keung Lee

IPC分类号： B01J21/18 ,  B01J23/38 ,  B01J23/40 ,  B01J35/00 ,  B01J37/02 ,  C01B15/029 ,  C07D301/12 ,  C01B15/01 ,  B01J21/08 ,  B01J21/12 ,  B01J23/00

CPC分类号： C01B15/029 ,  B01J21/18 ,  B01J23/38 ,  B01J23/40 ,  B01J35/0013 ,  B01J37/0203 ,  B01J37/0211 ,  C07D301/12 ,  Y02P20/52 ,  Y10S977/775 ,  Y10S977/777 ,  Y10S977/779 ,  Y10S977/836 ,  Y10S977/895 ,  Y10S977/926

摘要： A particulate supported noble metal phase-controlled catalyst material having 5-1000 μm surface area of 50μ500 m2/gm is provided for use in direct catalytic production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) product from hydrogen and oxygen-containing feedstreams. The catalyst is made by depositing phase controlled crystals of a noble metal such as palladium on a suitable particulate support material such as carbon black, by utilizing a precursor solution of the metal and a suitable control ionic polymer having molecular weight of 300-8000 such as sodium polyacrylate in a selected metal to polymer molar ratio of 1:0.1 to 1:10, which procedure provides desired phase control of the noble metal atoms to form widely dispersed minute noble metal crystals on the support material. The invention includes methods for making the catalyst, and also a process for utilizing the catalyst to directly produce high yields of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) product from hydrogen and oxygen-containing gaseous feedstreams.

摘要翻译： 提供具有5-1000mum表面积为50mu500m 2 / gm的颗粒状负载的贵金属相控催化剂材料用于直接催化生产过氧化氢（H 2 N 2 产物从氢和含氧进料流中获得。 通过使用金属的前体溶液和分子量为300-8000的合适的对照离子聚合物（如分子量为300-8000），将贵金属如钯的相控晶体沉积在合适的颗粒载体材料如炭黑上来制备催化剂，例如 聚丙烯酸钠以选择的金属与聚合物的摩尔比为1:0.1至1:10，该方法提供贵金属原子的期望的相位控制，以在载体材料上形成广泛分散的微小贵金属晶体。 本发明包括制备催化剂的方法，以及利用催化剂从氢气和氧气直接产生高产率的过氧化氢（H 2 O 2 O 2 H 2）产物的方法。 的气态进料流。

公开(公告)号：US06168775A

公开(公告)日：2001-01-02

申请号：US09140265

申请日：1998-08-26

申请人： Bing Zhou ,  Lap-Keung Lee

发明人： Bing Zhou ,  Lap-Keung Lee

IPC分类号： B01J2118

CPC分类号： B01J37/0203 ,  B01J21/18 ,  B01J23/38 ,  B01J23/40 ,  B01J35/0013 ,  B01J37/0211 ,  C01B15/029

摘要： A particulate supported noble metal phase-controlled catalyst material having 5-1000 &mgr;m surface area of 50&mgr;500 m2/gm is provided for use in direct catalytic production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) product from hydrogen and oxygen-containing feedstreams. The catalyst is made by depositing phase controlled crystals of a noble metal such as palladium on a suitable particulate support material such as carbon black, by utilizing a precursor solution of the metal and a suitable control ionic polymer having molecular weight of 300-8000 such as sodium polyacrylate in a selected metal to polymer molar ratio of 1:0.1 to 1:10, which procedure provides desired phase control of the noble metal atoms to form widely dispersed minute noble metal crystals on the support material. The invention includes methods for making the catalyst, and also a process for utilizing the catalyst to directly produce high yields of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) product from hydrogen and oxygen-containing gaseous feedstreams.

摘要翻译： 提供具有5-500m 2 / gm的5-1000mum表面积的颗粒状负载的贵金属相控催化剂材料，用于从氢气和含氧进料流直接催化生产过氧化氢（H 2 O 2）产物。 通过使用金属的前体溶液和分子量为300-8000的合适的对照离子聚合物（如分子量为300-8000），将贵金属如钯的相控晶体沉积在合适的颗粒载体材料如炭黑上来制备催化剂，例如 聚丙烯酸钠以选择的金属与聚合物的摩尔比为1:0.1至1:10，该方法提供贵金属原子的期望的相位控制，以在载体材料上形成广泛分散的微小贵金属晶体。 本发明包括制备催化剂的方法，以及利用催化剂从氢气和含氧气态进料流直接产生高产率的过氧化氢（H 2 O 2）产物的方法。

公开(公告)号：US20050241993A1

公开(公告)日：2005-11-03

申请号：US11117262

申请日：2005-04-28

申请人： Roger Lott ,  Lap-Keung Lee

发明人： Roger Lott ,  Lap-Keung Lee

IPC分类号： B01J27/047 ,  B01J27/051 ,  B01J35/00 ,  B01J37/02 ,  B01J37/08 ,  B01J38/00 ,  B01J38/68 ,  C10G45/00 ,  C10G47/00 ,  C10G47/02 ,  C10G49/04 ,  C10G65/02 ,  C10G65/12

CPC分类号： C10G47/26 ,  B01J27/047 ,  B01J27/051 ,  B01J35/0013 ,  B01J37/02 ,  B01J37/086 ,  B01J38/00 ,  B01J38/68 ,  C10G45/00 ,  C10G47/00 ,  C10G49/04 ,  C10G65/02 ,  C10G65/12

摘要： Methods and systems for hydroprocessing heavy oil feedstocks to form an upgraded material involve the use of a colloidal or molecular catalyst dispersed within a heavy oil feedstock, a hydrocracking reactor, and a hot separator. The colloidal or molecular catalyst promotes hydrocracking and other hydroprocessing reactions within the hydrocracking reactor. The catalyst is preferentially associated with asphaltenes within the heavy oil feedstock, which promotes upgrading reactions involving the asphaltenes rather than formation of coke precursors and sediment. The colloidal or molecular catalyst overcomes problems associated with porous supported catalysts in upgrading heavy oil feedstocks, particularly the inability of such catalysts to effectively process asphaltene molecules. The result is one or more of reduced equipment fouling, increased conversion level, and more efficient use of the supported catalyst if used in combination with the colloidal or molecular catalyst.

摘要翻译： 用于加氢处理重油原料以形成升级的材料的方法和系统涉及使用分散在重油原料，加氢裂化反应器和热分离器中的胶体或分子催化剂。 胶体或分子催化剂促进加氢裂化反应器内的加氢裂化和其他加氢处理反应。 催化剂优先与重油原料中的沥青质相关，促进涉及沥青质的升级反应，而不是形成焦炭前体和沉淀物。 胶体或分子催化剂克服了多孔载体催化剂在改质重质油原料方面的问题，特别是这种催化剂无法有效处理沥青质分子。 结果是与胶体或分子催化剂组合使用时，减少的设备结垢，转化水平的提高以及负载型催化剂的更有效使用的一种或多种。

公开(公告)号：US6139723A

公开(公告)日：2000-10-31

申请号：US238310

申请日：1999-01-28

申请人： Bruce P. Pelrine ,  Alfred G. Comolli ,  Lap-Keung Lee

发明人： Bruce P. Pelrine ,  Alfred G. Comolli ,  Lap-Keung Lee

IPC分类号： B01J23/74 ,  B01J23/745 ,  B01J23/84 ,  B01J23/881 ,  B01J27/053 ,  B01J27/185 ,  B01J27/19 ,  B01J35/12 ,  B01J37/03 ,  C10G1/00 ,  C10G1/08 ,  C10G1/10 ,  C10G47/02 ,  C10G47/26 ,  C10G49/12 ,  C10G65/02 ,  C10G65/10 ,  C10G1/06

CPC分类号： B01J23/745 ,  B01J23/881 ,  B01J27/053 ,  B01J27/1853 ,  B01J35/12 ,  B01J37/036 ,  C10G1/002 ,  C10G1/006 ,  C10G1/086 ,  C10G1/10 ,  C10G47/02 ,  C10G47/26 ,  C10G49/12 ,  C10G65/02 ,  C10G65/10 ,  B01J23/74 ,  B01J23/84 ,  B01J27/19

摘要： A highly dispersed iron-based ionic liquid or liquid-gel catalyst which may be anion-modified and metals-promoted has high catalytic activity, and is useful for hydrocracking/hydrogenation reactions for carbonaceous feed materials. The catalyst is produced by aqueous precipitation from saturated iron salt solutions such as ferric sulfate and ferric alum, and may be modified during preparation with anionic sulfate (SO.sub.4.sup.2-) and promoted with small percentages of at least one active metal such as cobalt, molybdenum, palladium, platinum, nickel, or tungsten or mixtures thereof. The resulting catalyst may be used in a preferred ionic liquid form or in a liquid-gel form, and either fluidic form can be easily mixed and reacted with carbonaceous feed materials such as coal, heavy petroleum fractions, mixed plastic waste, or mixtures thereof. The invention includes methods for making the ionic liquid or liquid-gel catalyst, and processes for using the fluidic catalysts for hydroprocessing the carbonaceous feed materials to produce desirable low-boiling hydrocarbon liquid products.

摘要翻译： 可以进行阴离子改性和金属促进的高度分散的铁基离子液体或液体 - 凝胶催化剂具有高催化活性，可用于含碳原料的加氢裂化/氢化反​​应。 该催化剂是由饱和铁盐溶液如硫酸铁和三价铁明矾水溶液沉淀制成的，并可在阴离子硫酸盐（SO42-）的制备过程中进行改性，并以少量的至少一种活性金属如钴，钼， 钯，铂，镍或钨或其混合物。 得到的催化剂可以以优选的离子液体形式或液体凝胶形式使用，并且流体形式可以容易地与碳质进料如煤，重质石油馏分，混合塑料废料或其混合物混合和反应。 本发明包括用于制备离子液体或液体 - 凝胶催化剂的方法，以及使用流化催化剂加氢处理含碳原料以产生所需低沸点烃液体产物的方法。

公开(公告)号：US20080193345A1

公开(公告)日：2008-08-14

申请号：US12106112

申请日：2008-04-18

申请人： Roger K. Lott ,  Lap-Keung Lee

发明人： Roger K. Lott ,  Lap-Keung Lee

IPC分类号： B01J19/00

CPC分类号： C10G47/06 ,  B01J8/08 ,  B01J8/22 ,  B01J8/226 ,  C10G45/04 ,  C10G45/16 ,  C10G45/34 ,  C10G45/46 ,  C10G45/56 ,  C10G47/26 ,  C10G49/005 ,  C10G49/12 ,  C10G65/00 ,  C10G65/02 ,  C10G67/08 ,  C10G2300/1033 ,  C10G2300/107 ,  C10G2300/1077 ,  C10G2300/202 ,  C10G2300/206 ,  C10G2300/4056 ,  C10G2300/70 ,  C10G2300/703 ,  C10G2300/802

摘要： An ebullated bed hydroprocessing system, and also a method for upgrading a pre-existing ebullated bed hydroprocessing system, involves introducing a colloidal or molecular catalyst, or a precursor composition capable of forming the colloidal or molecular catalyst, into an ebullated bed reactor. The colloidal or molecular catalyst is formed by intimately mixing a catalyst precursor composition into a heavy oil feedstock and raising the temperature of the feedstock to above the decomposition temperature of the precursor composition to form the colloidal or molecular catalyst in situ. The improved ebullated bed hydroprocessing system includes at least one ebullated bed reactor that employs both a porous supported catalyst and the colloidal or molecular catalyst to catalyze hydroprocessing reactions involving the feedstock and hydrogen. The colloidal or molecular catalyst provides catalyst in what would otherwise constitute catalyst free zones within the ebullated bed hydroprocessing system. Asphaltene or other hydrocarbon molecules too large to diffuse into the pores of the supported catalyst can be upgraded by the colloidal or molecular catalyst. A slurry phase reactor may be positioned upstream from one or more ebullated bed reactors or converted from a pre-existing ebullated bed reactor.

摘要翻译： 沸腾床加氢处理系统以及用于升级预先存在的沸腾床加氢处理系统的方法包括将能形成胶体或分子催化剂的胶体或分子催化剂或前体组合物引入沸腾床反应器中。 胶体或分子催化剂通过将催化剂前体组合物紧密地混合到重油原料中并将原料的温度升高到高于前体组合物的分解温度以形成原位形成胶态或分子催化剂而形成。 改进的沸腾床加氢处理系统包括至少一个沸腾床反应器，其使用多孔负载催化剂和胶体或分子催化剂来催化涉及原料和氢的加氢处理反应。 胶体或分子催化剂提供催化剂，否则将在沸腾床加氢处理系统内构成催化剂自由区。 太大而不能扩散到负载型催化剂的孔中的沥青质或其他烃类分子可以通过胶体或分子催化剂来提升。 浆料相反应器可以位于一个或多个沸腾床反应器的上游，或从预先存在的沸腾床反应器中转化。

公开(公告)号：US5871638A

公开(公告)日：1999-02-16

申请号：US742541

申请日：1996-11-01

申请人： Vivek R. Pradhan ,  Alfred G. Comolli ,  Lap-Keung Lee

发明人： Vivek R. Pradhan ,  Alfred G. Comolli ,  Lap-Keung Lee

IPC分类号： B01J23/74 ,  B01J23/745 ,  B01J23/84 ,  B01J23/881 ,  B01J27/053 ,  B01J27/185 ,  B01J27/19 ,  B01J35/12 ,  B01J37/03 ,  C10G1/00 ,  C10G1/08 ,  C10G1/10 ,  C10G47/02 ,  C10G47/26 ,  C10G49/12 ,  C10G65/02 ,  C10G65/10 ,  C10G1/06

CPC分类号： C10G1/10 ,  B01J23/745 ,  B01J23/881 ,  B01J27/053 ,  B01J27/1853 ,  B01J35/12 ,  B01J37/036 ,  C10G1/002 ,  C10G1/006 ,  C10G1/086 ,  C10G47/02 ,  C10G47/26 ,  C10G49/12 ,  C10G65/02 ,  C10G65/10 ,  B01J23/74 ,  B01J23/84 ,  B01J27/19

摘要： A dispersed fine-sized anion-modified and phosphorus-promoted iron-oxide slurry catalyst having high surface area exceeding 100 m.sup.2 /gm and high catalytic activity, and which is useful for hydrogenation and hydroconversion reactions for carbonaceous feed materials is disclosed. The catalyst is synthesized by rapid aqueous precipitation from saturated salt solutions such as ferric sulfate and ferric alum, and is promoted with phosphorus. The iron-based catalysts are modified during their preparation with anionic sulfate (SO.sub.4.sup.2-). The resulting catalyst has primary particle size smaller than about 50 Angstrom units, and may be used in a preferred wet cake or gel form which can be easily mixed with a carbonaceous feed material such as coal, heavy petroleum fractions, mixed waste plastics, or mixtures thereof. Alternatively, the catalyst can be dried and/or calcined so as to be in a fine dry particulate form suitable for adding to the feed material. The invention includes methods for making the catalyst and processes for using the catalyst for hydroprocessing of carbonaceous feed materials to produce desirable low-boiling hydrocarbon liquid products.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种具有超过100m 2 / gm的高表面积和高催化活性的分散的细大阴离子改性和磷促进氧化铁浆料催化剂，其可用于含碳原料的氢化和加氢转化反应。 催化剂是通过从硫酸铁和三价铁明矾等饱和盐溶液中快速含水沉淀合成的，并用磷促进。 铁基催化剂在制备时用阴离子硫酸盐（SO42-）进行改性。 所得到的催化剂具有小于约50埃单位的初级粒度，并且可以优选的湿饼或凝胶形式使用，其可以容易地与碳质进料如煤，重质石油馏分，混合废塑料或混合物混合 其中。 或者，可以将催化剂干燥和/或煅烧成适于添加到进料中的细干燥颗粒形式。 本发明包括制备催化剂的方法和使用催化剂加氢处理含碳原料以生产所需低沸点烃液体产物的方法。

公开(公告)号：US08431016B2

公开(公告)日：2013-04-30

申请号：US12838761

申请日：2010-07-19

申请人： Roger K. Lott ,  Lap-Keung Lee

发明人： Roger K. Lott ,  Lap-Keung Lee

IPC分类号： C10G47/26 ,  C10G47/02

CPC分类号： C10G47/06 ,  B01J8/08 ,  B01J8/22 ,  B01J8/226 ,  C10G45/04 ,  C10G45/16 ,  C10G45/34 ,  C10G45/46 ,  C10G45/56 ,  C10G47/26 ,  C10G49/005 ,  C10G49/12 ,  C10G65/00 ,  C10G65/02 ,  C10G67/08 ,  C10G2300/1033 ,  C10G2300/107 ,  C10G2300/1077 ,  C10G2300/202 ,  C10G2300/206 ,  C10G2300/4056 ,  C10G2300/70 ,  C10G2300/703 ,  C10G2300/802

摘要： A hydrocracking system involves introducing a heavy oil feedstock and a colloidal or molecular catalyst, or a precursor composition capable of forming the colloidal or molecular catalyst, into a hydrocracking reactor. The colloidal or molecular catalyst is formed in situ within the heavy oil feedstock by intimately mixing a catalyst precursor composition into a heavy oil feedstock and raising the temperature of the feedstock to above the decomposition temperature of the precursor composition to form the colloidal or molecular catalyst. The colloidal or molecular catalyst catalyzes upgrading reactions between the heavy oil feedstock and hydrogen and eliminates or reduces formation of coke precursors and sediment. At least a portion of a resid fraction containing residual colloidal or molecular catalyst is recycled back into the hydrocracking reactor to further upgrade the recycled resid fraction portion and provide recycled colloidal or molecular catalyst within the hydrocracking reactor.

摘要翻译： 加氢裂化系统包括将重油原料和能形成胶体或分子催化剂的胶体或分子催化剂或前体组合物引入加氢裂化反应器。 通过将催化剂前体组合物紧密地混合到重油原料中并将原料的温度提高到高于前体组合物的分解温度以形成胶体或分子催化剂，在重油原料内原位形成胶态或分子催化剂。 胶体或分子催化剂催化重油原料与氢气之间的升级反应，消除或减少焦炭前体和沉淀物的形成。 含有残留的胶体或分子催化剂的残渣部分的至少一部分循环回到加氢裂化反应器中以进一步升级再循环的残渣部分，并在加氢裂化反应器内提供再循环的胶体或分子催化剂。

公开(公告)号：US07578928B2

公开(公告)日：2009-08-25

申请号：US11117262

申请日：2005-04-28

申请人： Roger K. Lott ,  Lap-Keung Lee

发明人： Roger K. Lott ,  Lap-Keung Lee

IPC分类号： C10G47/00 ,  B01J8/00

CPC分类号： C10G47/26 ,  B01J27/047 ,  B01J27/051 ,  B01J35/0013 ,  B01J37/02 ,  B01J37/086 ,  B01J38/00 ,  B01J38/68 ,  C10G45/00 ,  C10G47/00 ,  C10G49/04 ,  C10G65/02 ,  C10G65/12

摘要： Methods and systems for hydroprocessing heavy oil feedstocks to form an upgraded material involve the use of a colloidal or molecular catalyst dispersed within a heavy oil feedstock, a hydrocracking reactor, and a hot separator. The colloidal or molecular catalyst promotes hydrocracking and other hydroprocessing reactions within the hydrocracking reactor. The catalyst is preferentially associated with asphaltenes within the heavy oil feedstock, which promotes upgrading reactions involving the asphaltenes rather than formation of coke precursors and sediment. The colloidal or molecular catalyst overcomes problems associated with porous supported catalysts in upgrading heavy oil feedstocks, particularly the inability of such catalysts to effectively process asphaltene molecules. The result is one or more of reduced equipment fouling, increased conversion level, and more efficient use of the supported catalyst if used in combination with the colloidal or molecular catalyst.

摘要翻译： 用于加氢处理重油原料以形成升级的材料的方法和系统涉及使用分散在重油原料，加氢裂化反应器和热分离器中的胶体或分子催化剂。 胶体或分子催化剂促进加氢裂化反应器内的加氢裂化和其他加氢处理反应。 催化剂优先与重油原料中的沥青质相关，促进涉及沥青质的升级反应，而不是形成焦炭前体和沉淀物。 胶体或分子催化剂克服了多孔载体催化剂在改质重质油原料方面的问题，特别是这种催化剂无法有效处理沥青质分子。 结果是与胶体或分子催化剂组合使用时，减少的设备结垢，转化水平的提高以及负载型催化剂的更有效使用的一种或多种。