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    Imaging device
    1.
    发明授权
    Imaging device 失效
    成像设备

    公开(公告)号：US5886353A

    公开(公告)日：1999-03-23

    申请号：US668432

    申请日：1996-06-18

    申请人： Brett Spivey ,  Peter Martin ,  A. Lee Morsell ,  Eugene Atlas ,  Anthony Pellegrino

    发明人： Brett Spivey ,  Peter Martin ,  A. Lee Morsell ,  Eugene Atlas ,  Anthony Pellegrino

    IPC分类号： H01L27/14 ,  A61B6/00 ,  G01T1/24 ,  H01L27/146 ,  H04N5/32

    CPC分类号： A61B6/505 ,  A61B6/4233 ,  A61B6/482 ,  A61B6/502 ,  H01L27/146 ,  H01L27/14658 ,  H04N5/32 ,  H04N5/367 ,  A61B6/4035 ,  A61B6/4291

    摘要： An imaging device for producing images from electron-hole producing radiation. Electron-hole pairs are produced in a radiation absorbing layer comprised of a photoconductive material. This layer covers an array of metal oxide semiconductor pixel circuits which are incorporated into and on a crystalline semiconductor substrate. Each pixel circuit has a charge collecting pixel electrode, a capacitor connected to the electrode to store the charges and a charge measuring transistor circuit. A voltage source provides an electric field across the radiation absorbing layer between the pixel electrodes and a radiation transparent surface electrode covering the radiation absorbing layer. A data acquisition system acquires and stores data derived from charge measurements and in a preferred embodiment a computer computes images from the data. The image may be displayed on a monitor or printed out on a printer. Preferred embodiments provide images from x-ray, ultraviolet and visible light.

    摘要翻译： 一种用于从电子空穴产生辐射产生图像的成像装置。 在由光电导材料构成的辐射吸收层中产生电子 - 空穴对。 该层覆盖结合到晶体半导体衬底中和晶体半导体衬底上的金属氧化物半导体像素电路阵列。 每个像素电路具有电荷收集像素电极，连接到电极以存储电荷的电容器和电荷测量晶体管电路。 电压源在像素电极和覆盖辐射吸收层的辐射透明表面电极之间的辐射吸收层两端提供电场。 数据采集​​系统获取并存储从电荷测量得到的数据，在优选实施例中，计算机从数据中计算图像。 图像可能会显示在显示器上或打印在打印机上。 优选实施例提供来自X射线，紫外线和可见光的图像。

    X-ray image sensor
    2.
    发明授权
    X-ray image sensor 失效
    X射线图像传感器

    公开(公告)号：US5528043A

    公开(公告)日：1996-06-18

    申请号：US426691

    申请日：1995-04-21

    申请人： Brett Spivey ,  Peter Martin ,  Lee Morsell ,  Eugene Atlas ,  Anthony Pellegrino

    发明人： Brett Spivey ,  Peter Martin ,  Lee Morsell ,  Eugene Atlas ,  Anthony Pellegrino

    IPC分类号： A61B6/00 ,  H01L27/146 ,  H04N5/32 ,  G01T1/24 ,  H01L27/14

    CPC分类号： H04N5/367 ,  A61B6/4233 ,  A61B6/482 ,  A61B6/502 ,  A61B6/505 ,  H01L27/146 ,  H01L27/14658 ,  H04N5/32 ,  A61B6/4035

    摘要： This invention provides an imaging system for producing images from electromagnetic radiation such as x-rays. The system includes a detector comprised of a radiation-absorbing layer sandwiched between an array of CMOS integrated circuits (which we call pixel circuits) and a surface electrode layer transparent to the radiation. Each of the pixel circuits in the array has a charge collecting electrode. An external voltage applied between the surface electrode layer and the charge collecting electrodes produces an electric field across the thickness of the absorbing layer. Radiation passing through the transparent surface electrode layer is absorbed in the absorbing layer creating electron/hole pairs in the absorbing layer. A portion of the liberated holes (or electrons) migrates under the influence of the electric field toward the charge collecting electrodes, which collect the holes and store them as charges on small capacitors located within each circuit. This process results in a discrete distribution of stored voltages across the array proportional to the distribution of radiation photons incident on the absorbing layer. Circuitry in each pixel provides for the voltage on each pixel capacitor to be recorded via readout circuitry and permits the resetting of the pixel capacitors. Preferred embodiments provide fine resolution with a large number of pixels with dimensions about the size of the thickness of human hair.

    摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种用于从诸如x射线的电磁辐射产生图像的成像系统。 该系统包括由夹在CMOS集成电路阵列之间的辐射吸收层（我们称之为像素电路）和对辐射透明的表面电极层的检测器。 阵列中的每个像素电路具有电荷收集电极。 施加在表面电极层和电荷收集电极之间的外部电压在吸收层的厚度上产生电场。 通过透明表面电极层的辐射被吸收层吸收，从而在吸收层中产生电子/空穴对。 释放的空穴（或电子）的一部分在电场的影响下迁移到电荷收集电极，电荷收集电极收集空穴并将它们作为电荷存储在位于每个电路内的小电容器上。 该过程导致阵列上存储的电压的离散分布与入射在吸收层上的辐射光子的分布成比例。 每个像素中的电路提供通过读出电路记录的每个像素电容器上的电压，并允许像素电容器的复位。 优选实施例提供具有大约人头发厚度尺寸的大量像素的精细分辨率。

    Ultra low noise CMOS imager
    4.
    发明授权
    Ultra low noise CMOS imager 有权
    超低噪声CMOS成像仪

    公开(公告)号：US07929035B2

    公开(公告)日：2011-04-19

    申请号：US11683868

    申请日：2007-03-08

    申请人： Eugene Atlas ,  Sarit Neter ,  Kim Loren Johnson

    发明人： Eugene Atlas ,  Sarit Neter ,  Kim Loren Johnson

    IPC分类号： H04N3/14 ,  H04N5/335 ,  H01L27/00

    CPC分类号： H04N5/365 ,  H04N5/3575 ,  H04N5/363 ,  H04N5/378

    摘要： A column buffer for use with a pixel cell array includes an amplifier coupled to three read-out circuits in parallel providing a signal corresponding to accumulated photon-generated charge in a pixel cell plus noise, a reset level plus noise, and a pedestal level, respectively. These three signals are used to generate an ultra-low noise signal Di=Si−Pi-1−G*(Ri−Ri-1), wherein S is the sampled signal, P is the pedestal level, R is the reset level, and G is a gain associated with a pixel cell, and wherein i is a frame number greater than 0. The three signals can be read-out simultaneously. In another embodiment, the three signals are obtained from a column buffer having only one output. In this case, the signals are read-out sequentially.

    摘要翻译： 与像素单元阵列一起使用的列缓冲器包括并联的三个读出电路的放大器，提供对应于像素单元中的积累的光子产生的电荷加噪声，复位电平加噪声和基准电平的信号， 分别。 这三个信号用于产生超低噪声信号Di = Si-Pi-1-G *（Ri-Ri-1），其中S是采样信号，P是基准电平，R是复位电平， 并且G是与像素单元相关联的增益，并且其中i是大于0的帧数。可以同时读出三个信号。 在另一个实施例中，三个信号从仅具有一个输出的列缓冲器获得。 在这种情况下，依次读出信号。

    Ultra low noise CMOS imager
    5.
    发明授权
    Ultra low noise CMOS imager 有权
    超低噪声CMOS成像仪

    公开(公告)号：US08334917B2

    公开(公告)日：2012-12-18

    申请号：US13051428

    申请日：2011-03-18

    申请人： Eugene Atlas ,  Sarit Neter ,  Kim Loren Johnson

    发明人： Eugene Atlas ,  Sarit Neter ,  Kim Loren Johnson

    IPC分类号： H04N3/14 ,  H04N5/335 ,  H01L27/00

    CPC分类号： H04N5/365 ,  H04N5/3575 ,  H04N5/363 ,  H04N5/378

    摘要： A column buffer for use with a pixel cell array includes an amplifier coupled to three read-out circuits in parallel providing a signal corresponding to accumulated photon-generated charge in a pixel cell plus noise, a reset level plus noise, and a pedestal level, respectively. These three signals are used to generate an ultra-low noise signal Di=Si−Pi-1−G*(Ri−Ri-1), wherein S is the sampled signal, P is the pedestal level, R is the reset level, and G is a gain associated with a pixel cell, and wherein i is a frame number greater than 0. The three signals can be read-out simultaneously. In another embodiment, the three signals are obtained from a column buffer having only one output. In this case, the signals are read-out sequentially.

    摘要翻译： 与像素单元阵列一起使用的列缓冲器包括并联的三个读出电路的放大器，提供对应于像素单元中的积累的光子产生的电荷加噪声，复位电平加噪声和基准电平的信号， 分别。 这三个信号用于产生超低噪声信号Di = Si-Pi-1-G *（Ri-Ri-1），其中S是采样信号，P是基准电平，R是复位电平， 并且G是与像素单元相关联的增益，并且其中i是大于0的帧数。可以同时读出三个信号。 在另一个实施例中，三个信号从仅具有一个输出的列缓冲器获得。 在这种情况下，依次读出信号。

    Active pixel sensor cell array
    6.
    发明授权
    Active pixel sensor cell array 有权
    有源像素传感器单元阵列

    公开(公告)号：US07199828B2

    公开(公告)日：2007-04-03

    申请号：US10304799

    申请日：2002-11-25

    申请人： Eugene Atlas

    发明人： Eugene Atlas

    IPC分类号： H04N3/14 ,  H04N5/335 ,  H01L27/00

    CPC分类号： H04N5/3653

    摘要： An active pixel sensor cell array in which a partial transimpedance amplifier amplifies the output of each cell. The pixel sensor cell array comprises a plurality of pixel sensor cells and a second part of the amplifier. Each pixel sensor cell comprises a photo-sensitive element, a capacitor and a first part of an amplifier. The capacitor is coupled between a terminal of the photo-sensitive element and an output line of the cell. The capacitor is operable to provide a capacitive feedback in the pixel sensor cell. The second part of the amplifier is coupled to the output lines of a plurality of pixel sensor cells. The amplifier is configured to amplify an output signal from a cell.

    摘要翻译： 有源像素传感器单元阵列，其中部分跨阻放大器放大每个单元的输出。 像素传感器单元阵列包括多个像素传感器单元和该放大器的第二部分。 每个像素传感器单元包括光敏元件，电容器和放大器的第一部分。 电容器耦合在感光元件的端子和单元的输出线之间。 电容器可操作以在像素传感器单元中提供电容反馈。 放大器的第二部分耦合到多个像素传感器单元的输出线。 放大器被配置为放大来自单元的输出信号。

    CMOS imager with wide dynamic range Pixel
    7.
    发明申请
    CMOS imager with wide dynamic range Pixel 有权
    CMOS成像器具有宽动态范围像素

    公开(公告)号：US20070023786A1

    公开(公告)日：2007-02-01

    申请号：US11311211

    申请日：2005-12-19

    申请人： Kim Johnson ,  Eugene Atlas ,  Sarit Neter

    发明人： Kim Johnson ,  Eugene Atlas ,  Sarit Neter

    IPC分类号： H01L29/768

    CPC分类号： H01L27/14609 ,  H04N5/3559 ,  H04N5/3597 ,  H04N5/37452

    摘要： In one aspect of the present invention, a light sensor is provided in the active pixel sensor cell for sensing incident radiation. The voltage corresponding to the photon-generated or other radiation-generated charge in the active pixel sensor cell is stored on a storage node via a sample-and-hold capacitor. Additional elements, such as source-follower transistors, may reside between the sensing element and the sample-and-hold capacitor. The signal is read via a readout source-follower (RSF) transistor. The readout source-follower drain is connected to the row select switch while its drain is connected to the output node on the column output bus. This configuration couples the storage node to the gate-source capacitance of the readout source-follower transistor. This allows the voltage on the storage node to increase proportionally to the increase in voltage on the readout node when the row select is closed and thus enables the drain current to flow through the RSF to the column output bus.

    摘要翻译： 在本发明的一个方面，光传感器设置在有源像素传感器单元中，用于感测入射辐射。 对应于有源像素传感器单元中的光子产生或其他辐射产生电荷的电压通过采样和保持电容器存储在存储节点上。 诸如源极 - 跟随器晶体管的附加元件可以位于感测元件和采样保持电容器之间。 信号通过读取源极跟随器（RSF）晶体管读取。 读取源极跟随器漏极连接到行选择开关，而其漏极连接到列输出总线上的输出节点。 该配置将存储节点耦合到读出源跟随器晶体管的栅极 - 源极电容。 这允许存储节点上的电压与行选择关闭时读出节点上的电压增加成比例地增加，并且因此使漏极电流能够通过RSF流到列输出总线。

    Adjustable CMOS sensor array
    9.
    发明授权
    Adjustable CMOS sensor array 有权
    可调CMOS传感器阵列

    公开(公告)号：US08405017B2

    公开(公告)日：2013-03-26

    申请号：US12969387

    申请日：2010-12-15

    申请人： Sarit Neter ,  Eugene Atlas

    发明人： Sarit Neter ,  Eugene Atlas

    IPC分类号： H01L27/146

    CPC分类号： H04N5/3559 ,  H04N5/3696 ,  H04N5/37452

    摘要： In one aspect, the present invention provides an active pixel sensor array with optimized matching between pixels and strength and frequency of incoming signals such as photons absorbed. The array comprises multiple pixels of individual geometry corresponds to spatial location. Each pixel full-well is adjustable via modifiable pixel conversion gain while maintaining pixel linearity. Furthermore each pixel internally stores multiple of extremely high frequency samples. Variable pixel geometry per row is very advantageous for Echelle spectrograph, where pixel heights are aligned with the spectrograph “order separator” where the resolution changes. In combination with variable geometry, externally adjustable full-well provides for superior spectral line separation in spectroscopy applications. In one embodiment multiple time windows with intermittent resets are stored within each pixel. This feature allows for the detection of extreme high frequency consecutive events without saturation such as may be the case with LIBS (Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy).

    摘要翻译： 在一个方面，本发明提供一种有源像素传感器阵列，其具有像素之间的优化匹配，以及诸如所吸收的光子之类的输入信号的强度和频率。 该阵列包括对应于空间位置的单个几何的多个像素。 每个像素全阱可通过可修改的像素转换增益进行调整，同时保持像素线性度。 此外，每个像素内部存储极高频率样本的多个。 对于Echelle光谱仪，每行的可变像素几何非常有利，其中像素高度与分辨率改变的光谱仪顺序分隔符对齐。 结合可变几何形状，外部可调全孔可在光谱应用中提供卓越的光谱线分离。 在一个实施例中，具有间歇复位的多个时间窗口被存储在每个像素内。 该特征允许检测没有饱和的极端高频连续事件，例如可能是LIBS（激光诱导击穿光谱）的情况。