公开(公告)号：US5886353A

公开(公告)日：1999-03-23

申请号：US668432

申请日：1996-06-18

申请人： Brett Spivey ,  Peter Martin ,  A. Lee Morsell ,  Eugene Atlas ,  Anthony Pellegrino

发明人： Brett Spivey ,  Peter Martin ,  A. Lee Morsell ,  Eugene Atlas ,  Anthony Pellegrino

IPC分类号： H01L27/14 ,  A61B6/00 ,  G01T1/24 ,  H01L27/146 ,  H04N5/32

CPC分类号： A61B6/505 ,  A61B6/4233 ,  A61B6/482 ,  A61B6/502 ,  H01L27/146 ,  H01L27/14658 ,  H04N5/32 ,  H04N5/367 ,  A61B6/4035 ,  A61B6/4291

摘要： An imaging device for producing images from electron-hole producing radiation. Electron-hole pairs are produced in a radiation absorbing layer comprised of a photoconductive material. This layer covers an array of metal oxide semiconductor pixel circuits which are incorporated into and on a crystalline semiconductor substrate. Each pixel circuit has a charge collecting pixel electrode, a capacitor connected to the electrode to store the charges and a charge measuring transistor circuit. A voltage source provides an electric field across the radiation absorbing layer between the pixel electrodes and a radiation transparent surface electrode covering the radiation absorbing layer. A data acquisition system acquires and stores data derived from charge measurements and in a preferred embodiment a computer computes images from the data. The image may be displayed on a monitor or printed out on a printer. Preferred embodiments provide images from x-ray, ultraviolet and visible light.

摘要翻译： 一种用于从电子空穴产生辐射产生图像的成像装置。 在由光电导材料构成的辐射吸收层中产生电子 - 空穴对。 该层覆盖结合到晶体半导体衬底中和晶体半导体衬底上的金属氧化物半导体像素电路阵列。 每个像素电路具有电荷收集像素电极，连接到电极以存储电荷的电容器和电荷测量晶体管电路。 电压源在像素电极和覆盖辐射吸收层的辐射透明表面电极之间的辐射吸收层两端提供电场。 数据采集​​系统获取并存储从电荷测量得到的数据，在优选实施例中，计算机从数据中计算图像。 图像可能会显示在显示器上或打印在打印机上。 优选实施例提供来自X射线，紫外线和可见光的图像。

公开(公告)号：US5528043A

公开(公告)日：1996-06-18

申请号：US426691

申请日：1995-04-21

申请人： Brett Spivey ,  Peter Martin ,  Lee Morsell ,  Eugene Atlas ,  Anthony Pellegrino

发明人： Brett Spivey ,  Peter Martin ,  Lee Morsell ,  Eugene Atlas ,  Anthony Pellegrino

IPC分类号： A61B6/00 ,  H01L27/146 ,  H04N5/32 ,  G01T1/24 ,  H01L27/14

CPC分类号： H04N5/367 ,  A61B6/4233 ,  A61B6/482 ,  A61B6/502 ,  A61B6/505 ,  H01L27/146 ,  H01L27/14658 ,  H04N5/32 ,  A61B6/4035

摘要： This invention provides an imaging system for producing images from electromagnetic radiation such as x-rays. The system includes a detector comprised of a radiation-absorbing layer sandwiched between an array of CMOS integrated circuits (which we call pixel circuits) and a surface electrode layer transparent to the radiation. Each of the pixel circuits in the array has a charge collecting electrode. An external voltage applied between the surface electrode layer and the charge collecting electrodes produces an electric field across the thickness of the absorbing layer. Radiation passing through the transparent surface electrode layer is absorbed in the absorbing layer creating electron/hole pairs in the absorbing layer. A portion of the liberated holes (or electrons) migrates under the influence of the electric field toward the charge collecting electrodes, which collect the holes and store them as charges on small capacitors located within each circuit. This process results in a discrete distribution of stored voltages across the array proportional to the distribution of radiation photons incident on the absorbing layer. Circuitry in each pixel provides for the voltage on each pixel capacitor to be recorded via readout circuitry and permits the resetting of the pixel capacitors. Preferred embodiments provide fine resolution with a large number of pixels with dimensions about the size of the thickness of human hair.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种用于从诸如x射线的电磁辐射产生图像的成像系统。 该系统包括由夹在CMOS集成电路阵列之间的辐射吸收层（我们称之为像素电路）和对辐射透明的表面电极层的检测器。 阵列中的每个像素电路具有电荷收集电极。 施加在表面电极层和电荷收集电极之间的外部电压在吸收层的厚度上产生电场。 通过透明表面电极层的辐射被吸收层吸收，从而在吸收层中产生电子/空穴对。 释放的空穴（或电子）的一部分在电场的影响下迁移到电荷收集电极，电荷收集电极收集空穴并将它们作为电荷存储在位于每个电路内的小电容器上。 该过程导致阵列上存储的电压的离散分布与入射在吸收层上的辐射光子的分布成比例。 每个像素中的电路提供通过读出电路记录的每个像素电容器上的电压，并允许像素电容器的复位。 优选实施例提供具有大约人头发厚度尺寸的大量像素的精细分辨率。

公开(公告)号：US07177390B2

公开(公告)日：2007-02-13

申请号：US11077666

申请日：2005-03-10

申请人： Peter Martin ,  Brett Spivey

发明人： Peter Martin ,  Brett Spivey

IPC分类号： G01N23/00

CPC分类号： A61B6/4441 ,  A61B6/025 ,  A61B6/4405 ,  A61B6/466 ,  A61B6/587 ,  A61B6/588 ,  G01N23/044 ,  G01N2223/419

摘要： Method and device for digital x-ray tomosynthesis. Tomographic and/or three-dimensional images of an object are obtained with an x-ray source and a digital x-ray image sensor. The source, object and sensor are positioned relative to each other and attenuation data is obtained for a large number of rays of x-radiation through the object. A special algorithm is provided to convert the data into images. To calculate the images the algorithm uses iterative processes with a least squares type technique but with generalized (as opposed to specific) functions. The algorithm solves for the functions which are the images. Preferred embodiments include a system having an x-ray point source with a cone of diverging x-rays, a two-dimensional digital x-ray image sensor, two linear translation stages to independently move both the x-ray source and the digital x-ray image sensor, two rotation mechanisms to rotate the two linear translation stages, a microprocessor to control the data acquisition, and a computer programmed with a special algorithm to calculate the tomographic images. A plurality of sets of digital data (representing x-ray algorithm images of an object) are acquired by the digital x-ray image sensor, with the x-ray source and the digital x-ray image sensor located at different positions and angles relative to the object. The digital data representing the x-ray attenuation images is stored in the computer. Special mathematical algorithms then compute multiple images of the object using the acquired digital data. These images could include multiple tomographic images, a three-dimensional image, or a multiple three-dimensional images.

摘要翻译： 数字X射线断层合成的方法和装置。 使用x射线源和数字X射线图像传感器获得物体的层析和/或三维图像。 源，物体和传感器相对于彼此定位，并且通过物体获得大量x辐射的光线的衰减数据。 提供了一种特殊的算法来将数据转换为图像。 为了计算图像，该算法使用具有最小二乘法技术的迭代过程，但是具有广义（与特定）功能相反。 该算法解决了作为图像的功能。 优选实施例包括具有具有发散x射线的锥体的x射线点源的系统，二维数字X射线图像传感器，用于独立地移动x射线源和数字x射线源的两个线性平移级， 射线图像传感器，旋转两个线性转换阶段的两个旋转机构，一个微处理器来控制数据采集，以及一台用特殊算法编程的计算机来计算断层图像。 多个数字数据组（表示对象的x射线算法图像）由数字X射线图像传感器获取，x射线源和数字X射线图像传感器位于不同的位置和角度相对 对象。 表示X射线衰减图像的数字数据被存储在计算机中。 然后，特殊的数学算法使用所获取的数字数据来计算对象的多个图像。 这些图像可以包括多个断层图像，三维图像或多个三维图像。

公开(公告)号：US20050226369A1

公开(公告)日：2005-10-13

申请号：US11077666

申请日：2005-03-10

申请人： Peter Martin ,  Brett Spivey

发明人： Peter Martin ,  Brett Spivey

IPC分类号： A61B6/00 ,  A61B6/03 ,  G01N23/00 ,  G01N23/04 ,  G21K1/12 ,  H05G1/60

CPC分类号： A61B6/4441 ,  A61B6/025 ,  A61B6/4405 ,  A61B6/466 ,  A61B6/587 ,  A61B6/588 ,  G01N23/044 ,  G01N2223/419

摘要： Method and device for digital x-ray tomosynthesis. Tomographic and/or three-dimensional images of an object are obtained with an x-ray source and a digital x-ray image sensor. The source, object and sensor are positioned relative to each other and attenuation data is obtained for a large number of rays of x-radiation through the object. A special algorithm is provided to convert the data into images. To calculate the images the algorithm uses iterative processes with a least squares type technique but with generalized (as opposed to specific) functions. The algorithm solves for the functions which are the images. Preferred embodiments include a system having an x-ray point source with a cone of diverging x-rays, a two-dimensional digital x-ray image sensor, two linear translation stages to independently move both the x-ray source and the digital x-ray image sensor, two rotation mechanisms to rotate the two linear translation stages, a microprocessor to control the data acquisition, and a computer programmed with a special algorithm to calculate the tomographic images. A plurality of sets of digital data (representing x-ray algorithm images of an object) are acquired by the digital x-ray image sensor, with the x-ray source and the digital x-ray image sensor located at different positions and angles relative to the object. The digital data representing the x-ray attenuation images is stored in the computer. Special mathematical algorithms then compute multiple images of the object using the acquired digital data. These images could include multiple tomographic images, a three-dimensional image, or a multiple three-dimensional images.

摘要翻译： 数字X射线断层合成的方法和装置。 使用x射线源和数字X射线图像传感器获得物体的层析和/或三维图像。 源，物体和传感器相对于彼此定位，并且通过物体获得大量x辐射的光线的衰减数据。 提供了一种特殊的算法来将数据转换为图像。 为了计算图像，该算法使用具有最小二乘法技术的迭代过程，但是具有广义（与特定）功能相反。 该算法解决了作为图像的功能。 优选实施例包括具有具有发散x射线的锥体的x射线点源的系统，二维数字X射线图像传感器，用于独立地移动x射线源和数字x射线源的两个线性平移级， 射线图像传感器，旋转两个线性转换阶段的两个旋转机构，一个微处理器来控制数据采集，以及一台用特殊算法编程的计算机来计算断层图像。 多个数字数据组（表示对象的x射线算法图像）由数字X射线图像传感器获取，x射线源和数字X射线图像传感器位于不同的位置和角度相对 对象。 表示X射线衰减图像的数字数据被存储在计算机中。 然后，特殊的数学算法使用所获取的数字数据来计算对象的多个图像。 这些图像可以包括多个断层图像，三维图像或多个三维图像。

公开(公告)号：US5998794A

公开(公告)日：1999-12-07

申请号：US947380

申请日：1997-10-08

申请人： Brett Spivey ,  Paul Johnson ,  Lee Morsell ,  Peter Martin

发明人： Brett Spivey ,  Paul Johnson ,  Lee Morsell ,  Peter Martin

IPC分类号： H01L27/146 ,  G01T1/24

CPC分类号： H01L27/14634 ,  H01L27/1465

摘要： A semiconductor imaging device comprising MOS or CMOS pixel circuits having pixel pads separated by insulating material and having a conductive migration blocking layer applied over the pixel pads. The conductive migration blocking layer comprises an electrically conductive material that is inert with respect to selected photoelectric conversion layer materials, and may be formed as individual contacts, or formed as a deposited layer and etched to form distinct pixels covering the underlying pixel pad material. Thereafter, a photoelectric conversion layer is applied over the migration blocking layer material. The basic device is completed by applying a field electrode layer over the photoelectric conversion layer.

摘要翻译： 一种半导体成像装置，包括MOS或CMOS像素电路，其具有由绝缘材料分隔并具有施加在像素焊盘上的导电迁移阻挡层的像素焊盘。 导电迁移阻挡层包括相对于所选择的光电转换层材料为惰性的导电材料，并且可以形成为单独的触点，或形成为沉积层，并被蚀刻以形成覆盖下面的像素焊盘材料的不同的像素。 此后，在迁移阻挡层材料上施加光电转换层。 通过在光电转换层上施加场电极层来完成基本装置。

公开(公告)号：US5712890A

公开(公告)日：1998-01-27

申请号：US622053

申请日：1996-03-26

申请人： Brett Spivey ,  Jean-Marie Tran ,  Lee Morsell ,  George Houghton ,  Steve Horton ,  Peter Martin

发明人： Brett Spivey ,  Jean-Marie Tran ,  Lee Morsell ,  George Houghton ,  Steve Horton ,  Peter Martin

IPC分类号： A61B6/00 ,  A61B6/03 ,  A61B6/04

CPC分类号： A61B6/502 ,  A61B6/032 ,  A61B6/0414 ,  A61B6/4233 ,  A61B6/4452 ,  A61B6/5241

摘要： The invention provides a digital x-ray mammography device capable of imaging a full breast. A movable aperture coupled with a movable x-ray image detector permits x-ray image data to be obtained with respect to partially overlapping x-ray beam paths from an x-ray source passing through a human breast. A digital computer programmed with a stitching algorithm produces a composite image of the breast from the image data obtained with respect to each path. In a preferred embodiment, a Schmidt camera images visible light produced at an x-ray to visible light conversion surface onto a digital detector array to produce an overlapping image pane with respect to each overlapping beam path.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供一种能够对完整乳房进行成像的数字X射线乳腺摄影装置。 与可移动X射线图像检测器耦合的可移动孔径允许从穿过人乳房的x射线源部分重叠的x射线束路径获得X射线图像数据。 用拼接算法编程的数字计算机根据从每个路径获得的图像数据产生乳房的合成图像。 在优选实施例中，施密特照相机将在x射线处产生的可见光成像到可见光转换表面到数字检测器阵列上，以产生相对于每个重叠光束路径的重叠图像窗格。

公开(公告)号：US6163030A

公开(公告)日：2000-12-19

申请号：US42485

申请日：1998-03-16

申请人： Paul Johnson ,  Brett Spivey ,  Lee Morsell ,  Peter Martin

发明人： Paul Johnson ,  Brett Spivey ,  Lee Morsell ,  Peter Martin

IPC分类号： H01L27/146 ,  G01T1/24

CPC分类号： H01L27/14687 ,  H01L27/1463 ,  H01L27/14643 ,  H01L27/14665

摘要： A solid state radiation detection unit for producing pixel data from electron-hole producing radiation using a photoelectric conversion layer. One aspect of the invention includes a photoelectric conversion layer that is deposited in direct contact with an array of doped semiconductor pixel contacts. Another aspect of the invention uses a buried field electrode formed within a photoelectric conversion layer. The two inventive concepts can be used separately or combined in a single embodiment.

摘要翻译： 一种固态放射线检测单元，用于使用光电转换层从产生电子发射的辐射产生像素数据。 本发明的一个方面包括与掺杂半导体像素触点阵列直接接触沉积的光电转换层。 本发明的另一方面使用形成在光电转换层内的掩埋场电极。 两个发明构思可以在单个实施例中单独使用或组合使用。

公开(公告)号：US20120044320A1

公开(公告)日：2012-02-23

申请号：US13065028

申请日：2011-03-11

申请人： Brett Spivey ,  David Sandler ,  Paul A. Johnson ,  Paul Fairchild ,  Louis Cuellar

发明人： Brett Spivey ,  David Sandler ,  Paul A. Johnson ,  Paul Fairchild ,  Louis Cuellar

IPC分类号： H04N5/89

CPC分类号： G03H1/0443 ,  G01B9/02047 ,  G01B9/02096 ,  G03H1/0866 ,  G03H2001/0458 ,  G03H2001/0463

摘要： A high resolution 3-D holographic camera. A reference spot on a target is illuminated by three spatially separated beamlets (simultaneously produced from a single laser beam), producing a lateral shear of a wavefront on the target. The camera measures the resulting reflected speckle intensity pattern which are related the gradient of the interfered complex fields. At the same time a flood beam illuminates the entire target and reflected speckle is also recorded by the same camera to provide the necessary object spatial frequencies. The illumination patterns are sequenced in time, stepping through offset phase shifts to provide data necessary to reconstruct an image of the target from the recorded reflected light. The reference spot phase and amplitude are then reconstructed, and the reference spot's complex field is then digitally interfered with the flood illuminated speckle field by use of a special algorithm. In order to obtain a high resolution 3D image of the target, a second measurement is acquired with the laser beam slightly shifted in frequency to second color.

摘要翻译： 高分辨率3-D全息照相机。 目标上的参考点由三个空间分离的子束（同时由单个激光束产生）照射，产生目标上的波前的横向剪切。 相机测量与受干扰的复杂场的梯度相关的所产生的反射散斑强度图。 同时，泛光束照射整个目标，反射的斑点也被相同的相机记录，以提供必要的对象空间频率。 照明图案在时间上排序，步进偏移相移以提供从记录的反射光重建目标图像所需的数据。 然后重建参考点相位和幅度，然后通过使用特殊算法将参考点的复杂场数字干扰泛光照明斑点场。 为了获得目标的高分辨率3D图像，在激光束稍微偏移到第二颜色的情况下获取第二测量。

公开(公告)号：US07717552B2

公开(公告)日：2010-05-18

申请号：US11580389

申请日：2006-10-14

申请人： Brett Spivey

发明人： Brett Spivey

IPC分类号： G02C7/08 ,  G02C13/00

CPC分类号： G02C9/00 ,  G02C7/02 ,  G02C7/081 ,  G02C2200/02

摘要： A pair of adjustable focus eyeglasses having two lens units with at least one of the lens units having at least two lens elements. A mechanism is provided to pivot, about a pivot location outside each of the two lens elements, the position of at least one of the two lens elements relative to the other lens element in an angular direction generally perpendicular to a viewing direction. Specially designed surfaces are chosen such that small angular adjustments of the relative positions of the two lenses around a common pivot position in angular directions perpendicular or approximately perpendicular to a viewing direction results in changes in the combined focus of the two lenses of the lens unit. Preferred embodiments include two lens units with the lens system defining pairs of adjustable focus eyeglasses.

摘要翻译： 一对具有两个透镜单元的可调节聚焦眼镜，其中至少一个透镜单元具有至少两个透镜元件。 提供了一种机构，用于围绕两个透镜元件之外的枢转位置枢转，两个透镜元件中的至少一个相对于另一个透镜元件在大致垂直于观察方向的角度方向上的位置。 选择特别设计的表面，使得两个透镜围绕垂直于或大致垂直于观察方向的角方向上的公共枢转位置的相对位置的小角度调整导致透镜单元的两个透镜的组合焦点的变化。 优选的实施例包括两个透镜单元，其中透镜系统限定成对的可调聚焦眼镜。

公开(公告)号：US20070091257A1

公开(公告)日：2007-04-26

申请号：US11607130

申请日：2006-11-29

申请人： Brett Spivey

发明人： Brett Spivey

IPC分类号： G02C7/02

CPC分类号： G02C7/02 ,  G02C7/081 ,  G02C9/00 ,  G02C2200/02

摘要： Adjustable focus eyeglasses with two lens units, each lens unit having two lens elements. The eyeglasses are focused by adjusting the position of at least one of the two lens elements relative to the other in a direction generally perpendicular to a viewing direction. The relative motion can be linear or pivotal about a pivot location outside the lenses. Applicant provides basic general equations defining the thickness profiles for the lenses and the solutions to these equations are: t = A ⁡ [ uv 2 + 2 ⁢ ( α ⁢   ⁢ v + 1 ) ⁢ ( α ⁢   ⁢ u - sin ⁡ ( α ⁢   ⁢ u ) ) / α 3 ] + B [ 2 ⁢ ( α ⁢   ⁢ v + 1 ) ⁢ ( 1 - cos ⁡ ( au ) ) / α 2 ) ⁢ ] + C ⁡ ( v ⁢   ⁢ sin ⁡ ( au ) / α - ( α ⁢   ⁢ u - sin ⁡ ( α ⁢   ⁢ u ) ) / α 2 ) ⁢ ] + Du + E + F ⁡ ( v ) + F ⁢   ⁢ 1 ⁢ ( u , v ) ⁢ u 4 + F ⁢   ⁢ 2 ⁢ ( v ) ⁢ u 3 ⁢ v + F ⁢   ⁢ 3 ⁢ ( v ) ⁢ u 2 ⁢ v 2 + F ⁢   ⁢ 4 ⁢ ( v ) ⁢ uv 3 , where A for one of the lenses elements is −A for the other lens element in each lens unit and F(v), F1(u,v), F2(v), F3(v), F4(v) are any functions over the area of the lenses for which derivatives up to at least third order are continuous. At least one of F1(u,v), F2(v), F3(v), F4(v) is non-zero.