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公开(公告)号：US4619265A
公开(公告)日：1986-10-28
申请号：US776391
申请日：1985-09-16
CPC分类号： A61N1/39 , A61N1/3925 , G09B23/288
摘要： A portable, interactive medical electronic device exemplified by a defibrillator. The device obtains information about a patient's condition, such as ECG and transthoracic impedance data, directly from the patient, and information pertinent to the treatment of the patient indirectly through an operator of the device, and produces a medically appropriate action such as a defibrillation shock in response. Indirect information is obtained through information processing means that includes means for prompting the operator of the device and means for receiving the operator's responses thereto. Prompts may include both questions and instructions, and in one embodiment the information processing means obtains the assent of the operator before causing the defibrillation shock. Indirect information may include information as to whether the patient is conscious, and as to whether or not cardiopulmonary resuscitation has been performed. The ECG and transthoracic impedance data may be collected through a common pair of electrodes. In one embodiment the device produces an indication that the ECG data is invalid if the transthoracic impedance data indicates excessive motion on the part of the patient. When a defibrillation shock is determined to be medically appropriate, a control signal is produced that causes the charging of an energy storage means and the subsequent discharging of such energy storage means through the patient without further operator intervention. The device also includes a tape recorder for allowing later analysis of the use of the device, and means for holding the tape recorder drive means in a disengaged position until the device is opened for use. The device also includes testing means for enabling a person to test the condition of the device without opening the case in which it is enclosed, means for producing and recording a distinctive sound when and if a defibrillation pulse is delivered, and means for allowing the electrodes to be quickly disconnected so that emergency personnel can conveniently use the electrodes with their own equipment.
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公开(公告)号：US4610254A
公开(公告)日：1986-09-09
申请号：US587439
申请日：1984-03-08
CPC分类号： A61N1/39 , A61N1/3925 , A61N1/3937 , G09B23/288
摘要： A portable, interactive medical electronic device exemplified by a defibrillator. The device obtains information about a patient's condition, such as ECG and transthoracic impedance data, directly from the patient, and information pertinent to the treatment of the patient indirectly through an operator of the device, and produces a medically appropriate action such as a defibrillation shock in response. Indirect information is obtained through information processing means that includes means for prompting the operator of the device and means for receiving the operator's responses thereto. Prompts may include both questions and instructions, and in one embodiment the information processing means obtains the assent of the operator before causing the defibrillation shock. Indirect information may include information as to whether the patient is conscious, and as to whether or not cardiopulmonary resuscitiation has been performed. The ECG and transthroacic impedance data may be collected through a common pair of electrodes. In one embodiment the device produces an indication that the ECG data is invalid if the transthoracic impedance data indicates excessive motion on the part of the patient. When a difibrillation shock is determined to be medically appropriate, a control signal is produced that causes the charging of an energy storage means and the subsequent discharging of such energy storage means through the patient without further operator intervention. The device also includes a tape recorder for allowing later analysis of the use of the device, and means for holding the tape recorder drive means in a disengaged position until the device is opened for use. The device also includes testing means for enabling a person to test the condition of the device without opening the case in which it is enclosed, means for producing and recording a distinctive sound when and if a defibrillation pulse is delivered, and means for allowing the electrodes to be quickly disconnected so that emergency personnel can conveniently use the electrodes with their own equipment.
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3.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5222492A
公开(公告)日：1993-06-29
申请号：US790238
申请日：1991-11-08
CPC分类号： A61N1/3937 , A61N1/3931 , A61N1/3912
摘要： An energy transfer circuit (40) for delivering a cardiac defibrillation pulse to a patient (50). An energy storage capacitor (16) is coupled to a pair of electrodes (52a, 52b) through an electronic switch (42). The electronic switch is controlled by a control circuit (20). A current shunt 56 is connected in parallel with a pair of defibrillation electrodes (52a, 52b) to divert a leakage current that flows through the electronic switch away from the patient when a defibrillation pulse is not being delivered. A current sensor (64) or a voltage sensor (72) provide a feedback signal to the control circuit to regulate the energy of the defibrillation pulse that flows through the patient.
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公开(公告)号：US5370664A
公开(公告)日：1994-12-06
申请号：US104441
申请日：1993-08-10
CPC分类号： A61N1/39 , A61N1/3912 , G01K1/18 , A61N1/3906
摘要： Circuits for controlling the current flow of an energy pulse as a function of the temperature of a resistive element in the circuit so that the current flow varies over time in accordance with a predetermined waveform. The circuits include at least one negative temperature coefficient thermistor connected between an energy storage device and connectors for delivering energy stored in the storage source to an external load. In one embodiment of the invention the circuit includes a second thermistor for shunting a residual portion of the current delivered by an energy pulse away from the external load. In another embodiment of the circuit, a small inductive device is used for adjusting the shape of the predetermined waveform. In yet another embodiment of the device, a plurality of thermistors arranged in a bridge-like configuration are used to control the current of the energy pulse so that its waveform is biphasic. Heat sinks may be attached to the thermistors for cooling the latter so as to increase the rate at which energy pulses may be delivered by the circuits.
摘要翻译： 用于控制作为电路中的电阻元件的温度的函数的能量脉冲的电流流动的电路，使得电流根据预定波形随时间变化。 电路包括连接在能量存储装置和连接器之间的至少一个负温度系数热敏电阻器，用于将存储在存储源中的能量传送到外部负载。 在本发明的一个实施例中，电路包括第二热敏电阻，用于分流由能量脉冲输送的电流的剩余部分远离外部负载。 在电路的另一个实施例中，使用小的电感器件来调节预定波形的形状。 在器件的又一个实施例中，以桥状结构布置的多个热敏电阻用于控制能量脉冲的电流，使得其波形是双相的。 散热器可以附接到热敏电阻器以冷却热敏电阻器，以便增加电路可能输送能量脉冲的速率。
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公开(公告)号：US5275157A
公开(公告)日：1994-01-04
申请号：US685132
申请日：1991-04-12
CPC分类号： A61N1/39 , A61N1/3912 , G01K1/18 , A61N1/3906
摘要： Circuits for controlling the current flow of an energy pulse as a function of the temperature of a resistive element in the circuit so that the current flow varies over time in accordance with a predetermined waveform. The circuits include at least one negative temperature coefficient thermistor connected between an energy storage device and connectors for delivering energy stored in the storage source to an external load. In one embodiment of the invention the circuit includes a second thermistor for shunting a residual portion of the current delivered by an energy pulse away from the external load. In another embodiment of the circuit, a small inductive device is used for adjusting the shape of the predetermined waveform. In yet another embodiment of the device, a plurality of thermistors arranged in a bridge-like configuration are used to control the current of the energy pulse so that its waveform is biphasic. Heat sinks may be attached to the thermistors for cooling the latter so as to increase the rate at which energy pulses may be delivered by the circuits.
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6.发明授权公开(公告)号：US07010351B2
公开(公告)日：2006-03-07
申请号：US09802808
申请日：2001-03-08
IPC分类号： A61N1/18
CPC分类号： A61N1/375 , A61N1/0531 , A61N1/0534 , A61N1/0539 , A61N1/36017 , A61N1/36025 , A61N1/36082 , A61N1/36103 , A61N1/3756
摘要： The following disclosure describes several methods and apparatus for intracranial electrical stimulation to treat or otherwise effectuate a change in neural-functions of a patient. Several embodiments of methods in accordance with the invention are directed toward enhancing or otherwise inducing a lasting change in neural activity to effectuate a particular neural-function. Such lasting change in neural activity is defined as “neuroplasticity.” The methods in accordance with the invention can be used to treat brain damage (e.g., stroke, trauma, etc.), brain disease (e.g., Alzheimer's, Pick's, Parkinson's, etc.), and/or brain disorders (e.g., epilepsy, depression, etc.). The methods in accordance with the invention can also be used to enhance neural-function of normal, healthy brains (e.g., learning, memory, etc.), or to control sensory functions (e.g., pain). Certain embodiments of methods in accordance with the invention electrically stimulate the brain at a stimulation site where neuroplasticity is occurring. The stimulation site may be different than the region in the brain where neural activity is typically present to perform the particular neural function according to the functional organization of the brain. In one embodiment in which neuroplasticity related to the neural-function occurs in the brain, the method can include identifying the location where such neuroplasticity is present. In an alternative embodiment in which neuroplasticity is not occurring in the brain, an alternative aspect is to induce neuroplasticity at a stimulation site where it is expected to occur. Several embodiments of these methods that are expected to produce a lasting effect on the intended neural activity at the stimulation site use electrical pulses that increase the resting membrane potential of neurons at the stimulation site to a subthreshold level.
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7.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06694193B2
公开(公告)日：2004-02-17
申请号：US09954750
申请日：2001-09-14
申请人： Thomas D. Lyster , Thomas Solosko , Carlton B. Morgan , Kim J. Hansen , Daniel J. Powers , Hans Patrick Griesser , Eric L. Jonsen , David E. Snyder
发明人： Thomas D. Lyster , Thomas Solosko , Carlton B. Morgan , Kim J. Hansen , Daniel J. Powers , Hans Patrick Griesser , Eric L. Jonsen , David E. Snyder
IPC分类号： A61N104
CPC分类号： A61N1/0492 , A61N1/046 , A61N1/08 , A61N1/3925 , A61N2001/37294
摘要： An electrode includes a conductive adhesive layer and a conductive foil layer having a void therein. One such electrode may be mounted in conjunction with another electrode upon a release liner having one or more openings therein to facilitate electrical signal exchange between electrodes. A release liner may include a moisture permeable and/or moisture absorbent membrane. A release liner may alternatively include a conductive backing layer. A release liner may also include an insulating swatch covering an opening. A release liner may be implemented as a foldable sheet, such that multiple electrodes may be mounted upon the same side of the foldable sheet. A medical device to which the mounted electrodes are coupled may characterize the electrical path between the electrodes. The medical device may perform a variety of electrical measurements, including real and/or complex impedance measurements. Based upon one or more measurements, the medical device may provide an indication of electrode condition, fitness for use, and/or an estimated remaining lifetime. An electrode condition indicator, which may form a portion of the medical device, may generate, present, or display electrode condition and/or estimated remaining lifetime information via a visual metaphor, such as a fuel gauge.
摘要翻译： 电极包括导电粘合剂层和在其中具有空隙的导电箔层。 一个这样的电极可以与另一电极结合安装在其上具有一个或多个开口的释放衬垫上以便于电极之间的电信号交换。 剥离衬垫可以包括透湿和/或吸湿膜。 替代地，剥离衬垫可以包括导电背衬层。 剥离衬垫还可以包括覆盖开口的绝缘样本。 剥离衬垫可以实现为可折叠片材，使得多个电极可以安装在可折叠片材的同一侧上。 安装的电极被耦合到的医疗装置可以表征电极之间的电路径。 医疗设备可以执行各种电测量，包括实际和/或复阻抗测量。 基于一个或多个测量，医疗设备可以提供电极状态，使用适应性和/或估计的剩余寿命的指示。 可以形成医疗装置的一部分的电极条件指示器可以经由诸如电量计的视觉比喻来生成，呈现或显示电极条件和/或估计的剩余寿命信息。
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公开(公告)号：US06671547B2
公开(公告)日：2003-12-30
申请号：US09879057
申请日：2001-06-13
IPC分类号： A61N139
CPC分类号： A61N1/3925
摘要： An electrotherapy device including at least one sensor operable to sense at least one physiological parameter of a patient. A controller is operably connected to the at least one sensor operable to receive signals from the at least one sensor corresponding to the at least one physiological parameter. Memory is operable to store computer-programming code executed by the controller. The programming code includes decision-making criteria operable to adapt a patient treatment in response changes to the detected at least one physiological parameter. At least one pair of electrodes is operably connected to the controller and operable to administer the treatment to the patient.
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公开(公告)号：US6134468A
公开(公告)日：2000-10-17
申请号：US113803
申请日：1998-07-09
IPC分类号： A61N1/39
CPC分类号： A61N1/3937 , A61N1/3931
摘要： An energy reduction unit is removably connectable to an external defibrillator to reduce the defibrillation energy delivered by the defibrillator to a patient. Use of the energy reduction unit is particularly suited to defibrillating pediatric patients (infants and children under 8) with an automatic or semi-automatic external defibrillator (AED). In one embodiment, the energy reduction unit includes an attenuator which partially dissipates energy produced by the AED. The attenuator is advantageously designed to present an impedance to the AED which, when connected to the patient, is approximately equal to the patient's impedance. The energy reduction unit may include a presence-detect function which enables the defibrillator to modify analysis of ECG signals to account for differences heart rhythms of pediatric and adult patients. In a second embodiment, the energy reduction unit includes an energy control modifier circuit which affects the charging operations performed internal to the AED. Other than being attached to the defibrillation equipment, the energy reduction unit does not otherwise change how an operator uses the equipment.
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公开(公告)号：US5899925A
公开(公告)日：1999-05-04
申请号：US910970
申请日：1997-08-07
申请人： Dennis E. Ochs , Carlton B. Morgan
发明人： Dennis E. Ochs , Carlton B. Morgan
IPC分类号： A61N1/39
CPC分类号： A61N1/3931
摘要： A method and circuit are described for automatically testing various components of a defibrillator at random or otherwise aperiodic time intervals. A random number is generated that falls within a range of numbers corresponding to minimum and maximum acceptable time intervals between successive testing of the defibrillator. Ambient conditions can be measured and the acceptable range of numbers adjusted accordingly. High energy test procedures may be performed less frequently, as appropriate for the measured ambient conditions. The range of numbers can also be adjusted to provide greater frequency testing where desirable, such as following a use of the defibrillator, following a repair of the defibrillator, to detect infant mortality effects, or to detect wear-out effects. The defibrillator includes a testing circuit for testing the various other components. The testing circuit includes a controller coupled with a timer, a random number generator, a memory, and an ambient condition sensor.
摘要翻译： 描述了用于以随机或其他非周期时间间隔自动测试除颤器的各种组件的方法和电路。 产生一个随机数，该随机数落在对应于除颤器的连续测试之间的最小和最大可接受时间间隔的数字范围内。 可以测量环境条件，并相应地调整可接受的数字范围。 对于测量的环境条件，可以较不频繁地执行高能量测试程序。 也可以调整数字范围，以便在需要的情况下提供更高的频率测试，例如在除颤器修复之后使用除颤器，检测婴儿死亡率效应或检测磨损效应。 除颤器包括用于测试各种其它部件的测试电路。 测试电路包括与定时器耦合的控制器，随机数发生器，存储器和环境条件传感器。
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